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Advanced Large Language Models and Natural Language Processing Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Computing and Artificial Intelligence".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 3158

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Computing and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
Interests: computational intelligence; neural networks; optimization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK
Interests: spatio-temporal computing; optimization and control; AI applications in transportation

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Guest Editor
School of Computing and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
Interests: Internet of Things; electronic systems modelling; smart antennas; remote sensing; signal processing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid growth of big data and the advancements in computational power have spurred remarkable progress in the field of natural language processing (NLP). Central to this progress are large language models (LLMs) like GPT, BERT, and T5, which have shown exceptional capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. These models, a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), leverage deep learning techniques to build predictive models that can handle diverse NLP tasks such as language translation, summarization, and sentiment analysis. LLMs and NLP applications have revolutionized various industries, from automating customer support to enhancing content generation and improving healthcare analytics.

However, despite their impressive performance, challenges remain in the interpretability, scalability, and ethical implications of these models. This Special Issue aims to bring together researchers and practitioners to discuss and exchange the latest advancements in large language models and NLP applications. We welcome original research articles and comprehensive reviews that provide insights into this rapidly evolving field. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following: training and fine-tuning of large language models; efficient architectures and optimization techniques for LLMs; multilingual and cross-lingual LLMs; summarization, translation, and question-answering systems; zero-shot and few-shot learning in NLP; text generation and creative writing using LLMs; integration of LLMs with computer vision and multimodal learning; ethical, societal, and interpretability challenges of LLMs; robustness and security issues in large language models; and data privacy and bias mitigation in NLP applications.

Dr. Man-Fai Leung
Dr. Duo Li
Dr. Jin Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • NLP
  • large language models
  • text generation
  • sentiment analysis

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

34 pages, 1427 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Prompting Techniques on the Security of the LLMs and the Systems to Which They Belong
by Teodor Ivănușcă and Cosmin-Iulian Irimia
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(19), 8711; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198711 - 26 Sep 2024
Viewed by 652
Abstract
Large language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities. The recent research conducted in the field of prompt engineering showed that their base performance is just a glimpse of their full abilities. Enhanced with auxiliary tools and provided with examples of how to solve the [...] Read more.
Large language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities. The recent research conducted in the field of prompt engineering showed that their base performance is just a glimpse of their full abilities. Enhanced with auxiliary tools and provided with examples of how to solve the tasks, their adoption into our applications seems trivial. In this context, we ask an uncomfortable question. Are the models secure enough to be adopted in our systems, or do they represent Trojan horses? The idea of prompt injection and jailbreak attacks does not seem to bother the adopters too much. Even though there are a lot of studies that look into the benefits of the prompting techniques, none address their possible downside in regard to the security. We want take a step further and investigate the impact of the most popular prompting techniques on this aspect of large language models and implicitly the systems to which they belong. Using three of the most deployed GPT models to date, we conducted a few of the most popular attacks in different setup scenarios and demonstrate that prompting techniques can have a negative impact on the security of the LLMs. More than that, they also expose other system components that otherwise would have been less exposed. In the end, we try to come up with possible solutions and present future research perspectives. Full article
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15 pages, 3035 KiB  
Article
A Framework for Agricultural Intelligent Analysis Based on a Visual Language Large Model
by Piaofang Yu and Bo Lin
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(18), 8350; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188350 - 17 Sep 2024
Viewed by 571
Abstract
Smart agriculture has become an inevitable trend in the development of modern agriculture, especially promoted by the continuous progress of large language models like chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) and general language model (ChatGLM). Although these large models perform well in general knowledge [...] Read more.
Smart agriculture has become an inevitable trend in the development of modern agriculture, especially promoted by the continuous progress of large language models like chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) and general language model (ChatGLM). Although these large models perform well in general knowledge learning, they still have certain limitations and errors when facing agricultural professional knowledge about crop disease identification, growth stage judgment, and so on. Agricultural data involves images and texts and other modalities, which play an important role in agricultural production and management. In order to better learn the characteristics of different modal data in agriculture, realize cross-modal data fusion, and thus understand complex application scenarios, we propose a framework AgriVLM that uses a large amount of agricultural data to fine-tune the visual language model to analyze agricultural data. It can fuse multimodal data and provide more comprehensive agricultural decision support. Specifically, it utilizes Q-former as a bridge between an image encoder and a language model to achieve a cross-modal fusion of agricultural images and text data. Then, we apply a Low-Rank adaptive to fine-tune the language model to achieve an alignment between agricultural image features and a pre-trained language model. The experimental results prove that AgriVLM demonstrates great performance in crop disease recognition and growth stage recognition, with recognition accuracy exceeding 90%, demonstrating its capability to analyze different modalities of agricultural data. Full article
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32 pages, 4054 KiB  
Article
HELIOS Approach: Utilizing AI and LLM for Enhanced Homogeneity Identification in Real Estate Market Analysis
by Artur Janowski and Malgorzata Renigier-Bilozor
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6135; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146135 - 15 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1283
Abstract
The concept of homogeneity in the real estate market is a well-known analysis aspect, yet it remains a significant challenge in practical implementation. This study aims to fill this research gap by introducing the HELIOS concept (Homogeneity Estate Linguistic Intelligence Omniscient Support), presenting [...] Read more.
The concept of homogeneity in the real estate market is a well-known analysis aspect, yet it remains a significant challenge in practical implementation. This study aims to fill this research gap by introducing the HELIOS concept (Homogeneity Estate Linguistic Intelligence Omniscient Support), presenting a new approach to real estate market analyses. In a world increasingly mindful of environmental, social, and economic concerns, HELIOS is a novel concept grounded in linguistic intelligence and machine learning to reshape how we perceive and analyze real estate data. By exploring the synergies between human expertise and technological capabilities, HELIOS aims not only to enhance the efficiency of real estate analyses but also to contribute to the broader goal of sustainable and responsible data practices in the dynamic landscape of property markets. Additionally, the article formulates a set of assumptions and suggestions to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of homogeneity analysis in mass valuation, emphasizing the synergy between human knowledge and the potential of machine technology. Full article
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