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Development and Applications of Digital Dentistry
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Development and Applications of Digital Dentistry

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 January 2024) | Viewed by 8631

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alexandru Nemţoi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Stefan cel Mare” University, 13 Universitatii Str., 720229 Suceava, Romania
Interests: oral and maxillofacial surgery; tissue regeneration; radiology; oral implantology; anatomy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Danisia Haba

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” University, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
Interests: oral and maxillo facial radiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, dentistry has moved towards digitalization due to technological developments across all fields. This has also determined the digitization of dental medicine through the appearance of intraoral and extraoral scanning systems, the creation of 3D models, and also the development of accessible digital imaging diagnostic systems with minimal irradiation. Additionally, the design of programs for use in the simulation of treatment plans has brought an improvement in dental medical services.

Digital dentistry offers advantages in terms of treatment quality, improved efficiency, reduced time and costs. The integration of digital technology in dentistry has opened up incredible possibilities for minimally invasive fitting solutions to be designed and created in a digital world. 3D images are used both to improve diagnosis and for treatment planning, two areas which significantly improve dental treatment.

This Special Issue will be dedicated to review articles and original articles, emphasizing the involvement of current digital techniques in dentistry for diagnosis, planning, treatment, as well as in potential innovative research.

Dr. Alexandru Nemţoi
Dr. Danisia Haba
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • digital technologies
  • three-dimensional printing
  • CAD-CAM
  • 3D imaging
  • cone-beam computerized tomography

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 6239 KiB  
Article
Application of Orthopantomography in the Analysis of Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
by Lara García-Boedo, Laura Burgueño-Torres and Manuel Joaquín de Nova-García
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 1954; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051954 - 27 Feb 2024
Viewed by 453
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a disorder characterized by osteopenia and bone fragility. Considering that orthopantomography is a routine diagnostic test in growing patients, it can be used to analyze bone density in these patients. The study sample consisted of 21 child patients diagnosed with [...] Read more.
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a disorder characterized by osteopenia and bone fragility. Considering that orthopantomography is a routine diagnostic test in growing patients, it can be used to analyze bone density in these patients. The study sample consisted of 21 child patients diagnosed with OI, under medical treatment with antiresorptives and for whom orthopantomography was available, analyzed and compared with 20 healthy children. The panoramic radiographs were analyzed and the radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimension were measured after first selecting the areas of interest to be studied. The results showed that fractal dimension of the basal cortical bone was lower in the study group, and MCW was lower in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. In addition, MCW and fractal dimension were lower with higher number of treatment cycles received. In light of the results obtained, we can conclude that panoramic radiography can be useful in analyzing changes in bone mineral density in these patients throughout the course of treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Applications of Digital Dentistry)
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12 pages, 1658 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Craniocervical Abnormalities in Osteogenesis Imperfecta during Growth
by Manuel Joaquín De Nova-García, Rafael G. Sola and Laura Burgueño-Torres
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(4), 1640; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14041640 - 18 Feb 2024
Viewed by 542
Abstract
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disease characterized by osteopenia and bone fragility in which the craniocervical junction is also affected. This is of special relevance due to the high prevalence in anomalies described in the literature as follows: basilar invagination, basilar impression, [...] Read more.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disease characterized by osteopenia and bone fragility in which the craniocervical junction is also affected. This is of special relevance due to the high prevalence in anomalies described in the literature as follows: basilar invagination, basilar impression, and platybasia. Methods. We analyzed 19 lateral skull radiographs and 14 magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 28 patients with OI in which eight linear and five angular measurements were plotted to determine the existence of craniocervical junction anomalies and compare them with 38 lateral skull radiographs and 28 MRIs performed on age-matched healthy controls. Results. From the reference values obtained from the control sample for each age group, we established the limit value at which pathology could be suspected. Some of the variables studied showed a clear trend associated with growth. More than half of the patients (60.71%) presented an anomaly in the skull base. Conclusions. According to the diagnostic criteria used and taking +2.5 SD as the limit value, 10.71% of the patients had basilar invagination, 35.71% had basilar impression, and 39.29% had platybasia, the latter being the most common finding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Applications of Digital Dentistry)
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11 pages, 5085 KiB  
Article
Implementation of Augmented Reality in Dental Surgery Using HoloLens 2: An In Vitro Study and Accuracy Assessment
by Mykolas Akulauskas, Karolis Butkus, Vygandas Rutkūnas, Tomas Blažauskas and Darius Jegelevičius
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(14), 8315; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148315 - 18 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1095
Abstract
Computer-guided dynamic navigation systems have elevated dental implant surgery into a more patient-friendly and efficient procedure. However, commercially available systems use displays as an output for guidance. This implies that surgeons have to take their eyes off the surgery site frequently in order [...] Read more.
Computer-guided dynamic navigation systems have elevated dental implant surgery into a more patient-friendly and efficient procedure. However, commercially available systems use displays as an output for guidance. This implies that surgeons have to take their eyes off the surgery site frequently in order to accurately adjust surgical instruments. The solution for such an issue is to use augmented reality (AR) head-mounted devices to showcase all necessary guiding instructions without any distractions. In this work, the implementation of augmented reality in dental surgery using the HoloLens 2 AR headset for the assessment of accuracy is described. The experiments were performed in vitro with two implementation steps, evaluating calibration and perspective of the virtual dental model alignment accuracies using a newly created marker. The calibration results showed overall accuracy and precision surpassing the 1 mm threshold in distance-related measurements. Dependency on the side on which the marker was observed and the movement of the user’s head were considered to be the most influential factors regarding the perspective of the virtual dental model alignment accuracy estimate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Applications of Digital Dentistry)
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8 pages, 547 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Impact of Maxillomandibular Difference on the Success of Orthodontic Decompensation Preparation in Orthognathic Surgical Skeletal Class-III Patients
by Amir Laviv, Ahmad Hija and Dror M. Allon
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(14), 8069; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148069 - 11 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1431
Abstract
Background: Combined orthodontic-surgical treatment includes a thorough diagnosis and analysis of dental and facial deformities. Cephalometric analysis is a common tool for this, in which measurements of specific anatomical landmarks are performed. In order to achieve a successful surgery, orthodontic teeth preparation is [...] Read more.
Background: Combined orthodontic-surgical treatment includes a thorough diagnosis and analysis of dental and facial deformities. Cephalometric analysis is a common tool for this, in which measurements of specific anatomical landmarks are performed. In order to achieve a successful surgery, orthodontic teeth preparation is mandatory, including dental decompensation before surgery. This should be planned and adequately executed to allow the surgeon to move the jaws to the correct ideal position. Aim: The current study aimed to check if the orthodontic decompensation amount is influenced and compromised by the maxillomandibular difference and if there is a correlation between the deformity’s severity and the orthodontist’s difficulty in achieving an accurate result in the orthodontic decompensation preparation. Methods: The study consisted of 50 pre-operational cephalometric radiographs of patients with Class-III (prognathic) deformity. The measurements included the angles of the upper incisor (U1) longitudinal axis to the Frankfort plane (FH) and palatal plane (PP), lower incisor (L1) longitudinal axis to the lower mandibular plane (MP), overjet (OJ), effective maxillary length, effective mandibular length, and the maxilla–mandibular difference (Diff); Pearson correlation coefficient was applied. Results: There was a significant correlation between the maxilla–mandibular difference and U1 to FH angle (r = 0.254, p = 0.037), U1 to PP angle (r = 0.447, p < 0.001), OJ (r = (−0.426), p < 0.001). There was no statistical significance for Diff and L1 to MP angle (p = 0.342). Conclusions: In Class-III patients, achieving adequate decompensation is more challenging with the maxillary incisors rather than with the mandibular incisors, especially in more severe cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Applications of Digital Dentistry)
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9 pages, 1964 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Penetrability for Different Endodontic Irrigation Activating Techniques Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Periapical Digital Radiography—An In Vitro Study
by Manal M. Abdelhafeez, Afnan S. Alharbi, Swati Srivastava, Rehab Abdelaziz, Elzahraa Eldwakhly, Rahaf A. Almohareb, Fahda N. Algahtani and Mai Soliman
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(13), 7436; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137436 - 23 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1081
Abstract
The elimination of necrotic and inflamed pulp tissue, dentin debris, and microorganisms is essential for the success of endodontic treatment. However, the root canal’s complexity has led to incomplete cleaning and disinfection. This study aims to compare the efficacy of the penetrability of [...] Read more.
The elimination of necrotic and inflamed pulp tissue, dentin debris, and microorganisms is essential for the success of endodontic treatment. However, the root canal’s complexity has led to incomplete cleaning and disinfection. This study aims to compare the efficacy of the penetrability of three different irrigation activating techniques to the apical third of the root canal. Sixty sound single-rooted human mandibular premolars are prepared with rotary instrumentation under continuous sodium hypochlorite irrigation. Three irrigation activation techniques are utilized: group 1 (n = 20), conventional needle irrigation (CN); group 2 (n = 20), side-vented endodontic needle irrigation (EN); and group 3 (n = 20), manual activation irrigation with gutta-percha cone (MA). The penetrability is assessed with the aid of a radiopaque irrigation solution using digital radiography in conjunction with cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) measurements. Data are analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), using multiple comparisons to compare the baseline and test values. One-way analysis of variance with post hoc analysis (Tukey honestly significant difference) is performed to detect the statistically significant differences between groups. Manual activation (MA) shows effective delivery of the irrigant into full WL, followed by endodontic needle (EN) and conventional (CN) methods of activation (p < 0.001). The results of the present study show that maximum penetrability of the irrigant is observed with manual activation (MA) using a gutta cone in comparison with the conventional needle (CN). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Applications of Digital Dentistry)
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11 pages, 1407 KiB  
Article
Optimal Buccal Site for Mini-Implant Placement on Attached Gingiva of Posterior Maxilla: A CBCT Study
by Georgios Vasoglou, Konstantinos Apostolopoulos and Michail Vasoglou
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(12), 7099; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13127099 - 14 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1289
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the optimal buccal site on the attached gingiva of the posterior maxilla for mini-implant placement for anchorage purposes in orthodontics. In 23 female patients, mini-implants were implemented between the roots of the first molar and second premolar, in [...] Read more.
This research aims to investigate the optimal buccal site on the attached gingiva of the posterior maxilla for mini-implant placement for anchorage purposes in orthodontics. In 23 female patients, mini-implants were implemented between the roots of the first molar and second premolar, in the maxilla, for anchorage purposes. A CBCT was acquired for diagnostic purposes, and intraoral scanning was performed. Using the digital model that was the result of combining the DICOM and STL files, the cortical bone thickness and density, as well as the trabecular bone density, were measured on three axial bone slices corresponding to the three defined height levels (lower, middle, upper) on the attached gingiva, in the interradicular area. Pearson and eta correlation tests were performed in order to investigate possible correlations between height in the attached gingiva, and the corresponding cortical bone thickness and density, as well as the corresponding trabecular bone density. The correlations regarding the height level in the attached gingiva were medium for the cortical bone thickness, and weak for the cortical bone density, while a strong correlation was found between the cortical bone thickness and density. The upper level of the attached gingiva, between the second premolar and the first molar in the maxilla, is the optimal site for mini-implant placement, as the cortical bone thickness and density are probably greater than in the lower and middle level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Applications of Digital Dentistry)
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Review

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12 pages, 277 KiB  
Review
Techniques to Improve the Accuracy of Intraoral Digital Impression in Complete Edentulous Arches: A Narrative Review
by Andrea Leggeri, Paolo Carosi, Vincenzo Mazzetti, Claudio Arcuri and Claudia Lorenzi
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(12), 7068; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13127068 - 13 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2186
Abstract
Complete edentulous arches have been considered as one of the main limitations of intraoral scanners (IOSs). In these clinical scenarios, the accuracy of IOSs can be reduced because of several anatomical factors. To overcome these limitations, some studies have proposed several techniques to [...] Read more.
Complete edentulous arches have been considered as one of the main limitations of intraoral scanners (IOSs). In these clinical scenarios, the accuracy of IOSs can be reduced because of several anatomical factors. To overcome these limitations, some studies have proposed several techniques to increase the accuracy of the impressions by means of various materials and instruments. The aim of this narrative review was to describe these techniques and to compare the obtained results to understand if it is currently feasible to increase the accuracy of the digital impressions of complete edentulous arches. An accurate analysis of the literature was performed using PubMed (National Library of Medicine) as well as manual searching without time and language restrictions. The results showed that there are few articles in the indexed literature on this topic, and that all are in vitro studies. Although the results of the analyzed studies were encouraging and reported useful in vitro results for artificial landmarks as well as for the use of an auxiliary geometry part related to the splinting of intraoral scan bodies (ISBs), clinical trials are needed to confirm that these techniques are feasible in daily clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Applications of Digital Dentistry)
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