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Applied Sciences
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Clean Energy and Fuel Storage 2020
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Clean Energy and Fuel Storage 2020

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 15397

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Elias K. Stefanakos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clean Energy Research Center, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
Interests: solar energy conversion (photovoltaics, rectennas, etc.); fuel cells; hydrogen production and storage; energy systems; electric/hybrid vehicles—alternative fuels; thermal storage; photocatalysis; electrochromic, touch-chromic and thermochromic materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sesha S. Srinivasan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Physics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA
Interests: hydrogen storage; fuel cells; thermochemical energy storage and carbon capture; nanotechnology; multifunctional materials; photocatalysis; material synthesis and characterization; thermochromic and electrochromic materials; leachate remediation via advanced oxidation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue on “Clean Energy and Fuels Storage” is focused on the state-of-the-art technologies in developing and demonstrating efficient storage systems using clean and renewable energy and/or fuel sources. Some of the cutting-edge research areas for sustainable energy storage systems are from hydrogen/hydride, direct electric, electrochemical, thermochemical, thermomechanical, and solar–thermal energy. We invite contributions in these aforementioned R&D areas and their applications related to stationary and mobile transportations, power utilities, and alternative energy and fuel storage technologies, including carbon capture.

Prof. Dr. Elias Stefanakos
Dr. Sesha S. Srinivasan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Hydrogen energy storage
  • Soar–Thermal energy storage
  • Thermochemical energy storage
  • Electrochemical energy storage
  • Thermomechanical energy storage
  • Direct electric energy storage
  • Direct mechanical energy storage
  • Carbon capture and storage

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 3616 KiB  
Article
Energy Storage in Earth-Abundant Dolomite Minerals
by Sesha Srinivasan, Dominic Dodson, Mc Ben Joe Charles, Scott L. Wallen, Gary Albarelli, Ajeet Kaushik, Nicoleta Hickman, Ganga Ram Chaudhary, Elias Stefanakos and Jaspreet Dhau
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(19), 6679; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10196679 - 24 Sep 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3362
Abstract
Dolomite, a calcium magnesium mineral (CaMg(CO3)2), is considered an undesirable accompanying mineral in the phosphoric acid production process and, as such, large quantities of this mineral are available in Florida. This study is aimed toward the characterization of the [...] Read more.
Dolomite, a calcium magnesium mineral (CaMg(CO3)2), is considered an undesirable accompanying mineral in the phosphoric acid production process and, as such, large quantities of this mineral are available in Florida. This study is aimed toward the characterization of the high-concentration phosphatic dolomite pebbles (handpicked dolomites) received from the Florida Industrial and Phosphate Research Institute (FIPR) and investigate their feasibility for thermochemical energy storage (TCES). The chemical composition, structural and microstructural characteristics of commercial and handpicked dolomite minerals was studied using a variety of techniques such as X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and an automated mineralogy Automated SEM-EDX Mineralogy (or automated scanning electron microscopy) with energy dispersive X-rays spectrometer (SEM-EDX), which confirmed the phosphatic pebbles received contains dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) phase in a high percentage. Particle size and the surface area were measured using XRD and N2 adsorption, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) methods. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to determine the activation energy for the calcination and re-carbonation reactions of the dolomite pebbles in nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) atmospheres at temperatures up to 800 °C. The present results exhibit, for the first time, the potential for using abundant, high phosphatic concentration dolomite possessing long-term cycling behavior for thermochemical energy storage applications in Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clean Energy and Fuel Storage 2020)
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24 pages, 6695 KiB  
Article
Performance Study of Direct Integration of Phase Change Material into an Innovative Evaporator of a Simple Vapour Compression System
by Boniface Dominick Mselle, David Vérez, Gabriel Zsembinszki, Emiliano Borri and Luisa F. Cabeza
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(13), 4649; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10134649 - 05 Jul 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3472
Abstract
This paper experimentally investigates the direct integration of 3.15 kg of phase change materials (PCM) into a standard vapour compression system of variable cooling capacity, through an innovative lab-scale refrigerant-PCM-water heat exchanger (RPW-HEX), replacing the conventional evaporator. Its performance was studied in three [...] Read more.
This paper experimentally investigates the direct integration of 3.15 kg of phase change materials (PCM) into a standard vapour compression system of variable cooling capacity, through an innovative lab-scale refrigerant-PCM-water heat exchanger (RPW-HEX), replacing the conventional evaporator. Its performance was studied in three operating modes: charging, discharging, and direct heat transfer between the three fluids. In the charging mode, a maximum energy of 300 kJ can be stored in the PCM for the cooling capacity at 30% of the maximum value. By doubling the cooling power, the duration of charging is reduced by 50%, while the energy stored is only reduced by 13%. In the discharging mode, the process duration is reduced from 25 min to 9 min by increasing the heat transfer fluid (HTF) flow rate from 50 L·h−1 to 150 L·h−1. In the direct heat transfer mode, the energy stored in the PCM depends on both the cooling power and the HTF flow rate, and can vary from 220 kJ for a cooling power at 30% and HTF flow rate of 50 L·h−1 to 4 kJ for a compressor power at 15% and a HTF flow rate of 150 L·h−1. The novel heat exchanger is a feasible solution to implement latent energy storage in vapour compression systems resulting to a compact and less complex system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clean Energy and Fuel Storage 2020)
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9 pages, 1242 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study and Thermodynamic Analysis of Hydrogen Production through a Two-Step Chemical Regenerative Coal Gasification
by Wei Li, Song He and Sheng Li
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(15), 3035; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153035 - 27 Jul 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3514
Abstract
Hydrogen, as a strategy clean fuel, is receiving more and more attention recently in China, in addition to the policy emphasis on H2. In this work, we conceive of a hydrogen production process based on a chemical regenerative coal gasification. Instead [...] Read more.
Hydrogen, as a strategy clean fuel, is receiving more and more attention recently in China, in addition to the policy emphasis on H2. In this work, we conceive of a hydrogen production process based on a chemical regenerative coal gasification. Instead of using a lumped coal gasification as is traditional in the H2 production process, herein we used a two-step gasification process that included coking and char-steam gasification. The sensible heat of syngas accounted for 15–20% of the total energy of coal and was recovered and converted into chemical energy of syngas through thermochemical reactions. Moreover, the air separation unit was eliminated due to the adoption of steam as oxidant. As a result, the efficiency of coal to H2 was enhanced from 58.9% in traditional plant to 71.6% in the novel process. Further, the energy consumption decreased from 183.8 MJ/kg in the traditional plant to 151.2 MJ/kg in the novel process. The components of syngas, H2, and efficiency of gasification are herein investigated through experiments in fixed bed reactors. Thermodynamic performance is presented for both traditional and novel coal to hydrogen plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clean Energy and Fuel Storage 2020)
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Review

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21 pages, 5769 KiB  
Review
Reversible Hydrogen Storage Using Nanocomposites
by Sesha Srinivasan, Dervis Emre Demirocak, Ajeet Kaushik, Meenu Sharma, Ganga Ram Chaudhary, Nicoleta Hickman and Elias Stefanakos
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(13), 4618; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10134618 - 03 Jul 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4511
Abstract
In the field of energy storage, recently investigated nanocomposites show promise in terms of high hydrogen uptake and release with enhancement in the reaction kinetics. Among several, carbonaceous nanovariants like carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, and graphitic nanofibers reveal reversible hydrogen sorption characteristics at [...] Read more.
In the field of energy storage, recently investigated nanocomposites show promise in terms of high hydrogen uptake and release with enhancement in the reaction kinetics. Among several, carbonaceous nanovariants like carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, and graphitic nanofibers reveal reversible hydrogen sorption characteristics at 77 K, due to their van der Waals interaction. The spillover mechanism combining Pd nanoparticles on the host metal-organic framework (MOF) show room temperature uptake of hydrogen. Metal or complex hydrides either in the nanocomposite form and its subset, nanocatalyst dispersed alloy phases illustrate the concept of nanoengineering and nanoconfinement of particles with tailor-made properties for reversible hydrogen storage. Another class of materials comprising polymeric nanostructures such as conducting polyaniline and their functionalized nanocomposites are versatile hydrogen storage materials because of their unique size, high specific surface-area, pore-volume, and bulk properties. The salient features of nanocomposite materials for reversible hydrogen storage are reviewed and discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clean Energy and Fuel Storage 2020)
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