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Applied Sciences
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Green Lubricants 2019
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Green Lubricants 2019

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical and Molecular Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2020) | Viewed by 9685

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. José M. Franco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Centre (Pro2TecS-), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Huelva, Campus de “El Carmen”, 21071 Huelva, Spain
Interests: bio-sourced materials; bio-lubricants; lubricating greases; colloids; biopolymers; rheology; tribology; adhesion and adhesives; gels with emphasis on oleogels and organogels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. M. Carmen Sánchez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Centre (Pro2TecS-), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Huelva, Campus de “El Carmen”, 21071 Huelva, Spain
Interests: bioproducts (bio-lubricants, bio-adhesives, coatings); colloids (emulsions, suspensions); biopolymers; rheology; gels

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As it is well known, a great percentage of the total amount of lubricants traded worldwide per year end up in the environment as a consequence of losses, volatility, spills, or accidents. In agreement with different public directives which promote both the replacement of non-renewable raw materials by renewable resources and the minimization of the environmental impact caused by industrial waste materials, the development of new and efficient environmentally friendly lubricants (biodegradable, bio-sourced, and biogenic lubricants) has emerged as a major issue in the last decades.

To date, given that the major component of lubricants is the base oil, the main initiatives to achieve biodegradable formulations have been limited to replace the traditional mineral or synthetic oils by vegetable-derived oils or glycerol esters. The discovery of new bio-based base oils from unexplored natural sources that could be technically competitive with the traditional ones still remains a great challenge. However, the interest in achieving green formulations must go beyond this hurdle, for instance by replacing other components such as base oil modifiers, multifunctional additives, thickeners in grease formulations, etc., as well as by adapting the processing conditions to the green chemistry tenets. In addition, some efforts should be focused on improving the technical performance and functional properties of the new green lubricants. In these sense, green technologies can provide some additional advantages, such as reducing waste and energy, in addition to producing safer products.

Overall, this Special Issue aims to collect and disseminate the latest developments and trends in the field of green lubricants, including new formulations, improved functional properties and tribological response of bio-based lubricants, achievements regarding minority natural components like additives and thickeners, new technical information on lubricated contacts (bearings, seals, etc.), and related modeling or new processing techniques and methodologies. Contributions from both academic and industrial research are welcome.

Prof. José M. Franco
Dr. M. Carmen Sánchez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Bio-lubricants
  • Biodegradability
  • Sustainability
  • Environment-friendly lubrication
  • Bio-sourced base oils
  • Bio-sourced additives
  • Tribology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1844 KiB  
Article
Tribological and Thermal Transport of Ag-Vegetable Nanofluids Prepared by Laser Ablation
by Jaime Taha-Tijerina, Sadasivan Shaji, Sreed Sharma Kanakkillam, Maria Isabel Mendivil Palma and Karla Aviña
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(5), 1779; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10051779 - 05 Mar 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2953
Abstract
Lubricants and fluids are critical for metal-mechanic manufacturing operations as they reduce the friction and wear of tooling and components, and serve as coolants to dissipate the heat generated in these operations. The proper application of these materials improves machine operative life and [...] Read more.
Lubricants and fluids are critical for metal-mechanic manufacturing operations as they reduce the friction and wear of tooling and components, and serve as coolants to dissipate the heat generated in these operations. The proper application of these materials improves machine operative life and tooling, and decreases cost, energy, and time consumption for maintenance, damage, repairs, or the need to exchange pieces/components within the machinery. Natural or vegetable-based lubricants have emerged as a substitute for mineral oils, which harm the environment due to their low biodegradability and have negative effects on human health (e.g., causing skin/respiratory diseases). Thus, finding biocompatible and efficient lubricants has become a technology objective for researchers and industry. This study evaluates soybean-, corn-, and sunflower-based lubricants reinforced with silver (Ag) nanostructures by a pulsed laser ablation process. Thermal and tribological evaluations were performed with varying Ag contents, and temperature-dependent behavior was observed. Thermal conductivity improvements were observed for all nanofluids as the temperature and Ag concentration increased (between 15% and 24%). A maximum improvement of 24% at 50 °C and 10 min exposure time of the pulsed laser ablation process for soybean oil was observed. The tribological evaluations showed improvements in the load-carrying capacity of the vegetable oils, i.e., an increase from 6% to 24% compared to conventional materials. The coefficient of friction performance also showed enhancements with Ag concentrations between 4% and 15%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Lubricants 2019)
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17 pages, 5389 KiB  
Article
Tribological Investigation on the Friction and Wear Behaviors of Biogenic Lubricating Greases in Steel–Steel Contact
by Nazli Acar, José M. Franco, Erik Kuhn, David E. P. Gonçalves and Jorge H. O. Seabra
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(4), 1477; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10041477 - 21 Feb 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3671
Abstract
The applications of biogenic lubricating greases to machine elements play important roles in the reduction of friction energy and minimizing wear in a tribological contact, as well as the prevention of environmental pollution. The aim of this work was to investigate completely biogenic [...] Read more.
The applications of biogenic lubricating greases to machine elements play important roles in the reduction of friction energy and minimizing wear in a tribological contact, as well as the prevention of environmental pollution. The aim of this work was to investigate completely biogenic lubricating greases from a tribological point of view. Model greases were examined using a ball on a disc tribometer at a constant normal force to investigate the friction and wear process according to Fleischer’s energetic wear model. Using the energy-based wear model, the friction and wear process could be interpreted as a cause–effect sequence. Moreover, the influence of the model grease composition on the friction and wear process was analyzed. In addition, rolling bearing tests were performed to investigate the tribological behaviors of some selected biogenic greases during real machine element contact. These tests allowed for the quantification of the friction torque behavior of the full bearing and the evaluation of the wear obtained through lubricant analysis procedures. This experimental work provides useful information regarding the influence that the composition of biogenic model greases has on friction and wear behaviors in a tribological contact. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Lubricants 2019)
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13 pages, 3756 KiB  
Article
Improvement Effect of Green Lubricants on the Tribological and Mechanical Performance of 4140 Steel
by María T. Hernández-Sierra, Micael G. Bravo-Sánchez, José E. Báez, Luis D. Aguilera-Camacho, J. Santos García-Miranda and Karla J. Moreno
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(22), 4896; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9224896 - 15 Nov 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2691
Abstract
Although much has been learned and investigated about environmentally friendly lubricants in recent years, several issues remain critical to their use in specific applications. A key point that could be limiting their utilization is that the effect of green lubricants on the tribological [...] Read more.
Although much has been learned and investigated about environmentally friendly lubricants in recent years, several issues remain critical to their use in specific applications. A key point that could be limiting their utilization is that the effect of green lubricants on the tribological and mechanical properties of the elements has not been thoroughly studied since such attributes determine their performance in industrial applications. For this reason, in this research, the effect of green lubrication on the tribological and hardness properties of AISI 4140 steel was studied. The performance of three bio-based lubricants was studied and compared to that of five of the most representative lubricants. First, the lubricants were chemically and physically characterized. Then, the effect of each lubricant on the friction and wear behavior of the system was analyzed by kinetic friction coefficient, wear rate calculations, and microhardness measurements. In general, the bio-based lubricants exhibited the lowest values of friction and wear. Further the mechanical properties of the systems lubricated by these lubricants were not affected or were affected to a lesser degree. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Lubricants 2019)
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