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Applied Sciences
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Complex Systems in Biophysics: Modeling and Analysis
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Complex Systems in Biophysics: Modeling and Analysis

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2024 | Viewed by 8242

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Alexander Zhbanov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
Interests: computational physics; applied mathematics; biophysics; biomedicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

All living organisms on Earth are complex self-regulating systems. It is of interest both to study organisms as a whole and their parts, cells, cellular structure, etc.

Biophysics, biochemistry and molecular biology have accomplished great strides in understanding the functioning of such systems.

This poses novel challenges in the practical application of accumulated knowledge and in the development of engineering solutions.

Therefore, this Special Issue intends to present and discuss novel ideas, experimental results, modeling, analyses and design in the field of biophysics of living organisms.

In particular, articles and reviews devoted to human health, the biomedical analysis of the state of whole organisms and their various organs are very welcome.

At present, many devices and sensors have been developed for measuring various physical and biophysical parameters of the human body. However, medical science is wary of many of these parameters, and doctors are in no hurry to use them in everyday practice. One of the aims of this Special Issue is to establish a mutual understanding between biophysicists and physicians.

However, potential topics include all aspects of complex systems in biophysics.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Alexander Zhbanov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biophysics
  • biochemistry
  • biomedicine
  • molecular biology
  • biomedical modeling
  • mathematical models in biosciences
  • image processing
  • biomedical science and engineering

  • mathematical biology

  •  computational biology

  •  modelling cell mechanic

  •  membrane dynamics

  •  cell biophysics

  •  cell and tissue mechanics

  •  mechanobiology

  •  physics of biological systems

  •  complex biological systems

  •  molecular modelling/simulations

  •  biomolecular interactions

  •  biomolecular NMR

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 26849 KiB  
Article
Computational Modelling and Biomechanical Analysis of Age-Related Craniocerebral Injuries: Insights into Bridging Veins
by Monika Ratajczak, Mariusz Ptak, Mateusz Dymek, Rafał Kubacki, Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa, Claudia Sbriglio and Artur Kwiatkowski
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 2681; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072681 - 22 Mar 2024
Viewed by 643
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explain the higher incidence of subdural haematomas in elderly people compared to young adult. This research addresses the phenomenon by developing two distinct numerical models of the human head, simulating individuals people aged 77 and 28, [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to explain the higher incidence of subdural haematomas in elderly people compared to young adult. This research addresses the phenomenon by developing two distinct numerical models of the human head, simulating individuals people aged 77 and 28, respectively. These models are methodically constructed based on medical imaging data acquired through collaboration with hospitals and subsequently verified through empirical experimentation. Studies have shown that the main factor that influences the vulnerability to bridging vein rupture in older adults is the degenerative processes of nervous tissue. The most visible structural damage was observed in the outflow cuff segment. This phenomenon can be primarily attributed to specific geometric parameters associated with this anatomical region. The presented research emphasises the importance of computational models in understanding the pathomechanics of brain structures. As a result of the analyses, it was proven that the neurodegenerative processes of the brain that occur with age are crucial in understanding the higher incidence of subdural haematomas in elderly people. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Complex Systems in Biophysics: Modeling and Analysis)
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12 pages, 3303 KiB  
Article
Xylene versus Isopropanol for Paraffin Wax Processing of Lung Tissue
by Qi Wang, Runchuan Gu, Franziska Olm, Nicholas Burdon Bèchet and Sandra Lindstedt
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 1726; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051726 - 20 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1310
Abstract
The microscopic observation of lung tissue is challenging due to its fragile nature. Xylene and isopropanol are common tissue-clearing reagents used before paraffin embedding, yet no studies have compared these two reagents in lung tissue processing. Due to the well-known health risks xylene [...] Read more.
The microscopic observation of lung tissue is challenging due to its fragile nature. Xylene and isopropanol are common tissue-clearing reagents used before paraffin embedding, yet no studies have compared these two reagents in lung tissue processing. Due to the well-known health risks xylene could introduce to operators, as well as its environmental hazards, it has long been desired that a less harmful alternative to xylene with the same staining effects be introduced. Thus, we systematically assessed the efficacy of isopropanol as a substitution for xylene. Lung tissue obtained from diseased donors and explanted lungs from recipients were processed simultaneously using either xylene or isopropanol prior to paraffin embedding. Scoring of the overall staining quality after H&E staining, along with the ease of sectioning, was compared systematically. Fluorescent staining was performed to explore alveolar morphology and the overall lectin fluorescence signal between groups. To understand differences in antibody staining, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of smooth muscle actin (SMA) and elastin was examined. No difference was observed with regard to ease of sectioning, staining quality, alveolar circularity, alveolar wall thickness or the SNR between slides processed with xylene or isopropanol. This study demonstrated comparable outcomes of isopropanol and xylene in lung tissue processing, suggesting isopropanol as a more favorable, operator- and environment-friendly substitute for xylene with regards to tissue processing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Complex Systems in Biophysics: Modeling and Analysis)
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15 pages, 6213 KiB  
Article
Proposal of New Emulsion Systems Containing Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose as a Viscosity Modifier and Diacylglycerols from Mutton Tallow and Hemp Seed Oil
by Małgorzata Kowalska and Magdalena Woźniak
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(18), 10289; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810289 - 14 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 759
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the stability of new emulsions prepared on the basis of modified fats with varying amounts of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Selected techniques for evaluating the stability of emulsion systems, such as Turbiscan analysis, and the evaluation of microstructure, [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the stability of new emulsions prepared on the basis of modified fats with varying amounts of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Selected techniques for evaluating the stability of emulsion systems, such as Turbiscan analysis, and the evaluation of microstructure, texture, particle size and viscosity were used. The evaluation of the above-mentioned studied parameters allowed us to indicate differentiated stability and their properties. The most desired results in terms of stability evaluation were determined for the emulsion prepared on the basis of modified mutton tallow with hemp seed oil in a ratio 3:1 (by weight) containing 0.6% (by weight) of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. In addition, as the hemp seed oil content in the interesterified fat phase increased, a decrease in the stability of the emulsion systems was noted. Mentioned emulsions were characterized with the lowest value of TSI. Moreover, for those emulsions, the smallest increment in the droplet diameter values of systems after 31 days was recorded. The prepared model formulation can serve as a starting material for new emulsion chemical, cosmetic or food systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Complex Systems in Biophysics: Modeling and Analysis)
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12 pages, 3852 KiB  
Article
Changes in the Cell Division of Chang Liver Cells Induced by Simulated Microgravity
by Minh Thi Tran, Chung Chinh Doan, Son Nghia Hoang, Cang Ngoc Ly, Mai Thi Phuong Nguyen, Quan Minh To, Nhung Hai Truong, Chi Nguyen Quynh Ho and Long Thanh Le
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(13), 7351; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137351 - 21 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1297
Abstract
Background: Simulated microgravity (SMG) has not been well characterized in terms of its impact on cell division structures. This research aimed to assess the changes in cell division in Chang liver cells (CCL-13 cells) under SMG conditions. Methods: CCL-13 cells were exposed to [...] Read more.
Background: Simulated microgravity (SMG) has not been well characterized in terms of its impact on cell division structures. This research aimed to assess the changes in cell division in Chang liver cells (CCL-13 cells) under SMG conditions. Methods: CCL-13 cells were exposed to SMG conditions via a 3D clinostat for 72 h. The cells from the control group were kept under the same conditions, without exposure to SMG. The changes in cell division were assessed via cell cycle progression analysis, the transcript expression of the genes associated with the cell cycle, and the appearance of the contractile ring, microvilli, and spindle in CCL-13 cells. Results: The CCL-13 cells from both the control group and the SMG group exhibited a typical epithelial-like shape. The CCL-13 cells of both groups displayed normal nuclear morphologies and were devoid of fragmentation and condensation, which are signs of apoptosis. There were changes in the cell cycle of CCL-13 cells in the SMG condition, which were shown via an increase in the cell percentage in the G0/G1 phase and a decrease in the S phase and G2/M phase. The cell area of the SMG-exposed CCl-13 cells increased, while their nuclear area decreased, which led to a reduction in the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. Moreover, the transcript expression of cyclin b1, cyclin d1, cdk2, and cdk6 was downregulated in CCL-13 cells under SMG conditions compared to the control group. Interestingly, SMG-exposed CCL-13 cells exhibited a decreased appearance of microvilli, changes in the formation of the contractile ring, and polar spindle microtubules during cytokinesis. Conclusions: SMG attenuated the cell division of CCL-13 cells by driving cells into the arrest phase and altering the cell division structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Complex Systems in Biophysics: Modeling and Analysis)
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12 pages, 2323 KiB  
Article
Simultaneous Viscosity Measurement of Suspended Blood and Plasma Separated by an Ultrasonic Transducer
by Yang Jun Kang
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(6), 3574; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063574 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1631
Abstract
Blood viscosity is influenced by several factors, including red blood cell (RBC) deformability, hematocrit (Hct), and plasma protein levels. To effectively isolate the individual contributions of several factors, it is necessary to simultaneously measure the viscosities of the blood and plasma. In this [...] Read more.
Blood viscosity is influenced by several factors, including red blood cell (RBC) deformability, hematocrit (Hct), and plasma protein levels. To effectively isolate the individual contributions of several factors, it is necessary to simultaneously measure the viscosities of the blood and plasma. In this study, the viscosities of suspended blood and plasma were obtained sequentially by adopting an ultrasonic transducer for plasma separation and a co-flowing microfluidic channel for viscosity measurement. To improve the measurement accuracy of viscosity, the correction factor was obtained through experiments and numerical simulations, which was then inserted into the analytical expression for viscosity. To stabilize the pulsatile blood flow resulting from a micropump, the frequency (f) and voltage (v) were set to f = 300 Hz and v = 140 au, respectively. Flexible polyethylene tubing (i.d. = 500 µm, length = 40 mm) was connected to the microfluidic device as an air damper. Consequently, the coefficient of variance of the blood velocity decreased by up to 1%. As a demonstration, suspended blood (Hct = 20%, 30%, and 40%) was prepared by adding normal RBCs to autologous plasma. Compared with the previous method, the present method overestimates the viscosity values of both the fluids (i.e., suspended blood: 14–25% and plasma: 7–21%). The present method has the ability to sequentially measure the viscosities of suspended blood and plasma. The integrated system contributes to reducing blood-handling procedures (i.e., blood collection, blood loading into the syringe, and syringe installation into the syringe pump). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Complex Systems in Biophysics: Modeling and Analysis)
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Review

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20 pages, 389 KiB  
Review
Hemorheological Alterations and Physical Activity
by Ivan Ivanov
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(20), 10374; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122010374 - 14 Oct 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1892
Abstract
Elucidating the complex processes that determine the ability of the human body to adapt to specific intense training programs is critical to improving athletic performance in elite athletes. The present work aims to describe the main hemorheological changes as a result of physical [...] Read more.
Elucidating the complex processes that determine the ability of the human body to adapt to specific intense training programs is critical to improving athletic performance in elite athletes. The present work aims to describe the main hemorheological changes as a result of physical exercises of different intensity, frequency, duration and modes of loading. Sport and physical exertion induce a hemorheological response of different nature and degree, structured in the present paper as follows: erythrocyte aggregation; change in the concentration of basic plasma components; changes in blood flow; changes in blood volume; changes in the endothelial cells of the vascular walls; changes in blood pressure; changes resulting from tissue hypoxia; interacting, different in nature hemorheological consequences. The studied and described original models of hemorheological response can contribute to a more successful adaptation of the training programs—In order to improve the health status of the participants and to optimize the sports form of the elite athletes. Physical loads of different frequencies, intensities and durations induce a different hemorheological response in athletes. The effect of “regular, moderate and properly dosed physical activity” during training is also strictly individual. This fact suggests approaching the training regime of each elite athlete personally, practicing specific to his preparation, well-chosen, balanced physical exercises. This will help to achieve the so-called state of hemorheological fitness. Extensive future research is needed to elucidate the cellular, tissue and molecular mechanism of hemorheological changes in blood, blood cells, and blood plasma. It is essential to study the vascular characteristics and biomechanical properties of blood under physical loads with different regimes and variable parameters, taking into account the individual, professional, biological and mechanical profile of each athlete. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Complex Systems in Biophysics: Modeling and Analysis)
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