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3D Printed Materials Dentistry II

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2024 | Viewed by 4955

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Kathrin Becker

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
Interests: micro-CT; orthodontic mini-implants; osseointegration; medical imaging; bone regeneration; orthodontics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Giulia Brunello

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
Interests: dental implants; peri-implantitis; bone regeneration; scaffolds; biomaterials; bone tissue engineering; 3D printing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of the journal Applied Sciences entitled 3D Printed Materials Dentistry II aims to present recent findings in the generation and utilization of novel 3D printed materials in orthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, prosthodontics, and restorative dentistry. Authors willing to present their original, unpublished work or willing to provide a systematic review on the topic are invited to submit their manuscripts for consideration in this Special Issue. Eligible manuscripts will be subject to a peer-review process according to the guidelines of the journal.

Potential topics include but are not limited to:

3D manufacturing processes;
Digital workflow and sources of error;
Additive manufacturing;
3D printing of resins;
Direct aligner printing;
Metal printing;
Biomechanical properties of 3D printed materials;
Accuracy and precision of manufacturing process;
Sterilization/autoclaving and its impact on printed materials;
Biocompatibility;
Cytotoxicity;
Individualized treatment approaches.

Patient reported outcomes.

Prof. Dr. Kathrin Becker
Dr. Giulia Brunello
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

dental materials
3D printing
additive procedures
metal printing
resin printing
aligner printing

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4167 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Curing Time and Nitrogen Generator Usage on Direct 3D-Printed Aligners Thicknesses—An In Vitro Micro-CT Study

by Marco Migliorati, Sara Drago, Alberto Lagazzo, Alessandra Campobasso, Giovanni Battista, Robert Kerberger, Dieter Drescher and Kathrin Becker

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(21), 11952; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132111952 - 01 Nov 2023

Viewed by 853

Abstract

Many variables in the production of direct 3D-printed orthodontic aligners are currently tested to obtain an efficient and safe workflow. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different curing times on the final thickness of the produced aligners. In total, 35 copies of the same aligner with a set thickness of 0.5 mm were directly 3D printed using the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Seven groups (five aligners each) were created. Six groups were post-cured with a nitrogen generator for, respectively, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, 30 min, 40 min, and 50 min. The last group was cured for 30 min without the nitrogen generator. All aligners were scanned with a micro-CT scanner. To assess local aligner thickness values, a total of 20 reference points were utilised. The comparisons among groups and locations were performed using ANOVA or the Kruskal–Wallis test. Significant differences in thickness were found at various reference points. No impact on curing time was found. No direct association was found between curing time and thicknesses, nor between nitrogen generator usage and thickness. At a 60° printing inclination and following the prescribed centrifugation process, a local thickness increase on the front teeth was observed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printed Materials Dentistry II)

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11 pages, 1933 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Accuracy of Two Variants of 3D-Printed Insertion Guides for Orthodontic Mini-Implants: An Ex Vivo Study in Human Cadavers

by Annika Pliska, Lucia Schiavon, Giulia Brunello, Benedict Wilmes, Beryl Schwarz-Herzke, Dieter Drescher and Kathrin Becker

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(16), 9162; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13169162 - 11 Aug 2023

Viewed by 816

Abstract

Insertion guides are becoming popular for orthodontic mini-implant positioning. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of two different mini-implant insertion guides, with or without pre-drilling, in a human cadaveric model. Maxillary casts of six fresh frozen specimens were digitized to create insertion guides. Sixty mini-implants were randomly inserted with full-arch or skeletonized guides, either with or without predrilling. Pre- and post-treatment CBCTs were superimposed using rigid registration. Transformation matrices of the planned and real positions were obtained, and distances at the mini-implant neck and apex, as well as the angular deviation, were calculated. The Kruskal–Wallis test was performed, followed by a post hoc test when indicated. Out of 60 inserted mini-implants, 46 could be evaluated. Of these, 10 initially assigned to no pre-drilling required this procedure due to very high bone density. Therefore, 32 implants were inserted with pre-drilling (n = 15 full-arch; n = 17 skeletonized) and 14 without (n = 7 full-arch; n = 7 skeletonized). The lowest mean deviation at the neck was 1.22 ± 0.6 mm, registered in the full-arch/pre-drilling group. The skeletonized/no pre-drilling group presented the lowest mean values at the apex, i.e., 1.72 ± 1.22 mm, as well as the lowest mean angular deviation, i.e., 8.23 ± 4.24°. Significant differences among groups were observed only at the neck, with higher mean deviation in the skeletonized/pre-drilling group than in the full-arch/pre-drilling one (p = 0.014). In conclusion, within the limitations of the study, rather high deviations between planned and real mini-implant positions were found. Further studies are needed on how to improve the accuracy within in vivo settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printed Materials Dentistry II)

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17 pages, 7042 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Does the Biocompatibility of Molybdenum Compare to the Gold Standard Titanium?—An In Vivo Rat Model

by André Toschka, Henriette Möllmann, Dominik Hoppe, Georg Poehle, Lutz van Meenen, Maximilian Seidl, Nadia Karnatz and Majeed Rana

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 6312; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106312 - 22 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1296

Abstract

Molybdenum is an essential trace element, considered in recent work to be a promising 3D-printable biodegradable material for medical applications. Specifically, in our recent in vitro work, we were able to show that molybdenum is a material of high biocompatibility, sufficient stability, and uniform degradation. Thus, it seems to fulfill the optimal requirements for a resorbable osteosynthesis material. To confirm these results in a complex organism, we tested molybdenum against the gold standard titanium. For this purpose, we implanted either molybdenum or titanium implants into the nuchal folds of 48 Wistar rats. We examined all animals daily for clinical inflammatory parameters and euthanized one-third of the cohort after 12, 24, and 52 weeks, respectively. Subsequently, the tissues surrounding the samples, as well as the spleens, livers, and kidneys of all animals, were pathologically processed and examined. Subsequently, selected samples were examined metallographically. No significant increased inflammatory reaction of the material molybdenum versus titanium could be detected, either clinically or pathologically. The animals did not show any significant differences regarding their general condition or weight development. However, the introduced molybdenum platelets showed significantly less degradation than previously in the in vitro model. This is most likely due to the capsule formation, which has already been described for other implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printed Materials Dentistry II)

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13 pages, 2314 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Impact of Resin Type, Post-Processing Technique, and Arch Location on the Trueness and Precision of 3D-Printed Full-Arch Implant Surgical Guides

by Rhea Vara, William Lin, Jhi Kwan Low, Derek Smith, Antonio Grimm, Gareth Calvert, Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla, Frank Alifui-Segbaya and Khaled E. Ahmed

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2491; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042491 - 15 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1550

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of photopolymer resin type, arch location, and post-processing techniques on the trueness and precision of three-dimensionally printed (3DP) full-arch surgical implant guides. Methods: Stereolithography reference images of an upper and lower surgical guide with six drill holes from a full-mouth rehabilitation clinical case were used. The files were imported into the Asiga MAX UV slicing software (Asiga Composer) where build orientation, print resolution, and support structures were added. A digital light processing 3D printer (MAX UV, Asiga Max) was used for printing the samples. The samples assessed were printed using two different, manufacturer-validated resins, DentaGuide (n = 35) and DentaClear (n = 20). The samples were subdivided and measured based on the post-processing technique used: handwashing (n = 20), sonication (n = 25), a mix of handwashing and sonication (n = 10), and post-curing using 385 nm UVA light with nitrogen (n = 50) or without nitrogen (n = 5). The diameter of each drill hole per guide was measured using a coordinate measuring machine (Absolute Arm 7-Axis, Hexagon) and compared with the reference STL to calculate each sample’s trueness (median error) and precision (interquartile range). The Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: All samples demonstrated a dimensional error of <70 µm. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between upper and lower arches and between post-processing techniques using nitrogen, irrespective of the use of hand- or ultrasonic washing. In contrast, DentaClear resin was significantly (p < 0.001) more accurate with a trueness of 26 µm and precision of 12 to 34 µm versus the DentaGuide at −31 µm and −54 to −17 µm, respectively. The samples post-cured without nitrogen were significantly (p < 0.05) the least accurate of all surgical guides, with a trueness of −42 µm and precision of −68 to −39 µm. Conclusion: The resin type and nitrogen post-processing are parameters that can significantly impact the accuracy of surgical guides. The tolerance of 3DP surgical guides needs to account for the dimensional changes occurring during the manufacturing process to minimise implant positioning errors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printed Materials Dentistry II)

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