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Applied Sciences
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Biodiesel: Production and Applications
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Biodiesel: Production and Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2020) | Viewed by 7467

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Talal Yusaf

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Federation University Australia, Office A101c, Building A, Mt Helen Campus, PO Box 663, Ballarat,VIC, 3353, Australia
Interests: renewable energy; energy generation; conversion and Storage; alternative fuels for internal combustion engine; microalgae fuel; mechanical method for water treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The increase in population and industrialization has significantly increased the demand for energy consumption. One of the sectors where energy is significantly consumed is the sector of internal combustion engines (diesel engines). Diesel engines often use fossil resources and mineral-based fuels as their fuel. The use of fossil fuels produces significant amounts of contaminants during combustion due to their chemical composition. Hence, it is necessary to look for alternative fuels which can be produced from resources available.

Biodiesel is a safe, renewable, nontoxic fuel. It can be manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fat, and even from recycled grease from the food industry. The production methodology of biodiesel is an important aspect for efficient and cost-effective production of biodiesel. After biodiesel production, identifying the product (biodiesel) applications suitable with their properties is very important. Therefore, this Special Issue will focus on the production of biodiesel, including feedstock, technologies. Research on the applications of biodiesel is also welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Talal Yusaf
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Alternative fuels
  • Renewable energies
  • Biodiesel production
  • Fuel additive, algae
  • Environmental pollution
  • Fuel performance and consumption

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 5029 KiB  
Article
Potential of Chrozophora tinctoria Seed Oil as a Biodiesel Resource
by Seyed Salar Hoseini, Gholamhassan Najafi, Armin Fattahpour Moazzez, Saeid Hazrati, Mohammad Taghi Ebadi and Talal Yusaf
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(10), 3473; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103473 - 18 May 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2662
Abstract
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that has been widely used in recent years. There are various resources used as biodiesel feedstocks, including animal fats, waste oils, and vegetable oils. In the present study, Chrozophora tinctoria seed oil is introduced as a new biodiesel [...] Read more.
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that has been widely used in recent years. There are various resources used as biodiesel feedstocks, including animal fats, waste oils, and vegetable oils. In the present study, Chrozophora tinctoria seed oil is introduced as a new biodiesel feedstock. C. tinctoria is a weed and non-edible plant. So, the primary cost of this resource is very low, and hence it can be considered as a biodiesel source. This plant can also grow in most weather conditions. In the present study, the research team tried to produce biodiesel from C. tinctoria seeds through a transesterification reaction. To intensify the transesterification reaction, an ultrasonic device was used. In order to perform the transesterification reaction, potassium hydroxide was used as a catalyst. Important parameters, such as the reaction temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of methanol, and concentration of the catalyst, were adjusted. Based on the adjusted conditions, a biodiesel yield of 84% was attained. The properties of the C. tinctoria biodiesel was compared with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard. The results show the properties of a biodiesel: the density, kinematic viscosity, pour point, flash point, cloud point, and acid number are 0.868 g/cm3, 3.74 mPa, −7 °C, 169 °C, 4 °C, and 0.43 mg, respectively. The specification properties of C. tinctoria biodiesel can thus pass the requirement of the ASTM standard. So, C. tinctoria seed oil can be used as a suitable fuel source instead of petroleum-derived fuels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodiesel: Production and Applications)
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24 pages, 1051 KiB  
Article
Effects on Biodiesel Production Caused by Feed Oil Changes in a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor
by Juan P. Castillo Gónzalez, Peggy E. Álvarez Gutiérrez, Manuel Adam Medina, Betty Y. López Zapata, Gerardo V. Ramírez Guerrero and Luis G. Vela Valdés
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(3), 992; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10030992 - 03 Feb 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3877
Abstract
Continuous production processes and an adequate supply of raw materials are necessary to satisfy the growing demand for biodiesel. The use of different feed oils could be necessary to ensure sufficient supply for biodiesel production in certain circumstances; however, changing feed oil during [...] Read more.
Continuous production processes and an adequate supply of raw materials are necessary to satisfy the growing demand for biodiesel. The use of different feed oils could be necessary to ensure sufficient supply for biodiesel production in certain circumstances; however, changing feed oil during the operation of a continuous reactor causes process disturbances. The present study analyses the effect of feed oil changes on the continuous operation of a industrial continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) using a model which takes the dynamics of oil changes into account. The models previously reported only consider the operation of reactor with only one vegetable oil. The model in this work was developed by mass and energy balances. A methodology to model oil changes is presented. Glycerides and esters were characterized using adequate approaches. Moreover, accurate methods for predicting essential properties in the biodiesel manufacturing were used for the estimation of their thermo-physical properties. The kinetic parameters of the transesterifications were calculated from consistent studies selected from an exhaustive literature revision. The results show that temperature is practically not affected after oil changes; however, the ester concentration varies considerably. The ester mass fraction varying by up to 22.07% after an disturbance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodiesel: Production and Applications)
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