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Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume
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Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 22850

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Paola Gandini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: orthodontics; dentistry; dental materials; shear bond strength; enamel pretreatment; orthodontic miniscrews; computerized dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Andrea Scribante

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last few years, dentistry has increased its aspects of research and its cooperation with other disciplines. This Special Issue focuses on the most recent significant applied innovations in the dental field, focusing attention on technological and research aspects and how they can be involved in clinical practice. The applications of new biomaterials and techniques can lead to significant advances in all the main dental branches, such as restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, oral surgery, implantology, pediatric dentistry, and orthodontics.

The scope of this issue shall encompass the following aspects and their relationship with the dental field:

  • 3D printing techniques;
  • Intraoral scanners and impressions;
  • CAD/CAM applications;
  • Polymer science;
  • Dental materials and applications;
  • Adhesives;
  • Mechanical strength of oral devices;
  • Conservative dentistry features;
  • Prosthodontic frameworks;
  • Orthodontic appliances;
  • Biofilm formation;
  • Microbiology of dental materials;
  • Oral microbiome;
  • Oral engineering;
  • Fiber reinforced materials;
  • Nanomaterials and nanotechnology.

For this purpose, we invite authors to submit original research articles and reviews on any of the topics mentioned above. The guest editors hope that this Special Issue will be of interest to the readers of the journal and that the works published in it will help both clinicians and researchers to understand modern applied sciences in the dental field.

Thank you in advance for your contribution.

Prof. Dr. Paola Gandini
Prof. Dr. Andrea Scribante
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (15 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review, Other

4 pages, 157 KiB  
Editorial
Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume
by Paola Gandini and Andrea Scribante
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 2009; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14052009 - 29 Feb 2024
Viewed by 368
Abstract
In recent years, dentistry has extended the aspects of its research and its cooperation with other disciplines [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

10 pages, 1576 KiB  
Article
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis of the Root Canal Morphology of Lower Second Molars in the Croatian Subpopulation
by Sarah Mimica, Paris Simeon, Ivana Miletić, Anja Baraba and Silvana Jukić Krmek
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 871; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020871 - 19 Jan 2024
Viewed by 527
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the root canal morphology of lower second molars in the Croatian subpopulation of the Zagreb region using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). We analyzed 3212 CBCT scans from the two radiology centers in Zagreb. The number [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to investigate the root canal morphology of lower second molars in the Croatian subpopulation of the Zagreb region using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). We analyzed 3212 CBCT scans from the two radiology centers in Zagreb. The number of roots and root canals, the occurrence of C-shaped canals and additional roots were recorded. “C”-shaped roots were classified according to Melton classification. Canals in the mesial root were classified according to Vertucci. Lower second molars were found on 608 CBCT scans from a total number of 859. Among them, 78 (9.1%) had a “C”-shaped form. In the mesial roots, the frequencies of Vertucci types were: Type I in ninety-four cases (12.0%), Type II in three hundred and twenty cases (41.0%), Type III in six cases (0.8%), Type IV in three hundred and fifty-two cases (45.1%), Type V in three cases (0.4%), Type VI was found in four cases (0.5%) and Type VIII was found in one case (0.1%). Radix entomolaris and paramolaris were found in 29 (3.4%) lower second molars. The lower second molars in the Zagreb population show significant diversity in internal anatomy with a relatively high prevalence of “C”-shaped root canals and merged root canals in the mesial root. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume)
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12 pages, 2710 KiB  
Article
Do Oral Antiseptics Affect the Force Degradation of Elastomeric Chains?
by Luka Šimunović, Tadeja Blagec, Ivana Šutej and Senka Meštrović
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(12), 7290; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13127290 - 19 Jun 2023
Viewed by 848
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare the force degradation of elastomeric chains submerged in commonly used mouthrinses. Methods: One hundred samples of elastomeric orthodontic chains from five different brands (Ormco, GC, RMO, Forestandent, and 3M Unitek) were initially activated on double length, and [...] Read more.
Objective: This study aimed to compare the force degradation of elastomeric chains submerged in commonly used mouthrinses. Methods: One hundred samples of elastomeric orthodontic chains from five different brands (Ormco, GC, RMO, Forestandent, and 3M Unitek) were initially activated on double length, and the force was measured with a universal mechanical testing machine. Then, elastomeric modules were thermocycled and immersed into four different mouthrinses: Octenident, Vitis Orthodontic, Perio Plus+, and Listerine through a total number of three cycles which simulated 30 days of intraoral exposure. Force decay was measured after each cycle. Results: All specimens showed statistically significant force degradation over the tested period (p < 0.001). After thermocycling and immersion in oral antiseptics, the lowest measured force was found in Forestadent EOC in Listerine with a median of 70 cN (70–75 cN) and Vitis orthodontic with a median of 70 cN (70–80 cN). On the contrary, the least prone to force reduction was the control group of Ormco 280 cN (275–285 cN) and RMO 280 cN (270–280 cN). Conclusions: Elastomeric chains’ force degradation could be exacerbated by the use of mouth rinses. These data could be beneficial in choosing the appropriate combination of elastomeric chain and mouthrinse for optimal results of orthodontic therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume)
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13 pages, 3031 KiB  
Article
3D Evaluation of Upper Airway Morphological Changes in Growing Patients with Class II Malocclusion Using Sander Bite Jumping Appliance
by Paolo Faccioni, Andrea Butera, Silvia Bazzanella, Massimo Albanese, Simone Gallo, Maurizio Pascadopoli, Andrea Scribante and Alessia Pardo
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(6), 3908; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063908 - 19 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1567
Abstract
Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrognathia is associated with a posterior positioning of the tongue and the hyoid bone, reducing the oropharyngeal volume. This could be a contributing factor to the development of respiratory and cardiovascular problems. This study evaluates the oropharyngeal [...] Read more.
Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrognathia is associated with a posterior positioning of the tongue and the hyoid bone, reducing the oropharyngeal volume. This could be a contributing factor to the development of respiratory and cardiovascular problems. This study evaluates the oropharyngeal volume variation in 13 patients with class II malocclusion undergoing functional orthopedic treatment with Sander Bite Jumping Appliance (SBJ). CBCT scans were performed before treatment (T0) and approximately after 12.5 months (T1): the retropalatal volume and retroglossal volume were quantified in mm3 using a segmentation software. At T1, the retropalatal volume increased in 2523 ± 2088 mm3, and the retroglossal volume increased in 2258 ± 1717 mm3. Both values were statistically significant (p < 0.05). This widening of the airways may allow prevention and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing, including obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume)
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11 pages, 279 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Overheated Dry-Saturated Steam Disinfection in the Control of the Dental Chair Contamination by Bioluminescence Analysis: A Pilot In Vitro Study
by Valentina Luppieri, Manuela Giangreco, Maddalena Chermetz, Luca Ronfani and Milena Cadenaro
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(6), 3685; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063685 - 14 Mar 2023
Viewed by 889
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate, through Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence analysis, the effectiveness of an overheated dry-saturated steam device (Polti Sani System) in decreasing the superficial microbial contamination on dental chairs’ surfaces after 30 s steam disinfection (T1) in comparison to [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate, through Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence analysis, the effectiveness of an overheated dry-saturated steam device (Polti Sani System) in decreasing the superficial microbial contamination on dental chairs’ surfaces after 30 s steam disinfection (T1) in comparison to baseline (T0), i.e., at the end of an aerosol-generating procedure (AGDP), and to investigate any differences in the tested surfaces’ contamination at T0 in relation to the surface’s type. Three dental chair surfaces (scialytic lamp, control button panel, spit bowl), sized 10 × 10 cm each, were swabbed and analyzed before and after steam application. The procedure was repeated 20 times for a total of 60 before–after evaluations. Non-parametric tests were used to analyze Relative Light Unit (RLU) values and categorical data on the ATP molecules’ amount detected on the tested surfaces. Statistically significant differences were found for both RLU and categorical data for all surfaces, and each type of surface evaluated at T0 and T1 (p < 0.05). Differences in RLU among the tested surfaces at T0 were not significant. By reducing the microbial contamination on the evaluated surfaces, the overheated dry-saturated steam system was an effective measure for the disinfection of the dental chair’s surfaces after AGDPs, potentially reducing the risk of cross-infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume)
10 pages, 258 KiB  
Article
Predictability of Maxillary Dentoalveolar Expansion Using Clear Aligners in Different Types of Crossbites
by Ana Nogal-Coloma, Fara Yeste-Ojeda, Juan Carlos Rivero-Lesmes and Conchita Martin
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 2963; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13052963 - 25 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1146
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and predictability of maxillary dentoalveolar expansion clear aligners in unilateral, bilateral, and single-tooth types of crossbite. This prospective analytical study enrolled adults with dentoalveolar posterior crossbite. Orthoanalyzer™ 1.7 software was used to analyze [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and predictability of maxillary dentoalveolar expansion clear aligners in unilateral, bilateral, and single-tooth types of crossbite. This prospective analytical study enrolled adults with dentoalveolar posterior crossbite. Orthoanalyzer™ 1.7 software was used to analyze stl files of digital models before treatment (T1), predicted post-treatment outcome (T2), and observed outcome (T3). Changes in intercanine width, first and second interpremolar widths, and intermolar width were compared using a mixed ANOVA model for repeated measures (α = 0.05). The study included 46 patients aged 20–60 years, 15 with unilateral, 15 bilateral, and 16 single-tooth crossbite. In all crossbite groups, expansion was largest at the second premolar level (unilateral: 2.54 mm; bilateral:, 4.86 mm; single-tooth: 3.41 mm) (ANOVA p < 0.001) and smallest at the canine level. Expansion predictability was 90% at the first premolar level in the single-tooth crossbite group, 86% at the second premolar level in the bilateral crossbite group, and 79% at the second premolar level in the unilateral crossbite group. No significant difference was found between the predicted and observed expansion in any crossbite group. Dentoalveolar expansion using differential anchorage techniques with clear aligners is highly predictable, although the treatment plan should consider overcorrection of the expansion movement to achieve the planned outcome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume)
11 pages, 1420 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Bacterial Sealing Ability of Two Different Bio-Ceramic Sealers in Single-Rooted Teeth Using Single Cone Obturation Technique: An In Vitro Study
by Doaa M. AlEraky, Ahmed M. Rahoma, Hatem M. Abuohashish, Abdullh AlQasser, Abbas AlHamali, Hussain M. AlHussain, Hussain M. AlShoalah, Zakrya AlSaghah, Abdulrahman Khattar and Shimaa Rifaat
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 2906; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13052906 - 24 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2450
Abstract
The long-term success of root canal treatment requires the prevention of bacterial leakage between canal walls and root canal obturation. In this study, we compared the leakage of Enterococcus faecalis in thirty single-rooted mandibular premolars divided into three groups. The roots in two [...] Read more.
The long-term success of root canal treatment requires the prevention of bacterial leakage between canal walls and root canal obturation. In this study, we compared the leakage of Enterococcus faecalis in thirty single-rooted mandibular premolars divided into three groups. The roots in two experimental groups were obturated using a single-cone obturation technique with two different bio-ceramic sealers (MTA Fillapex and CeraSeal) while the roots in the conventional group were obturated using the lateral condensation technique with an epoxy resin sealer (AH Plus). A bacterial leakage test was carried out using a modified microbial leakage model. In the MTA Fillapex group, 30% of the specimens showed a positive sign for bacterial leakage, while 80% of samples in the CeraSeal group leaked. In the AH Plus group, 50% of specimens had bacterial leakage in the canals. The variation of the average number of days between the groups was not found to be significantly different. Taken together, bio-ceramic sealers with single-cone obturation demonstrated comparable results to the resin-based sealer with lateral condensation technique in terms of sealing efficiency against Enterococcus faecalis. Additionally, MTA Fillapex could provide a better sealing ability than CeraSeal bio-ceramic sealer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume)
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9 pages, 248 KiB  
Article
Bleaching Effect of Ozonized Substances on Resin Composite: A New Potentiality for Ozone Therapy in Dentistry
by Simone Gallo, Marco Colombo, Claudio Poggio, Andrea Scribante, Matilda Saracino and Riccardo Beltrami
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2149; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042149 - 07 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1177
Abstract
Composite resins are commonly used in dentistry for direct restorations. The color stability of these materials still represents a major concern for both the clinician and the patient. In recent years, ozone therapy has been extensively used in dentistry to manage wounds healing, [...] Read more.
Composite resins are commonly used in dentistry for direct restorations. The color stability of these materials still represents a major concern for both the clinician and the patient. In recent years, ozone therapy has been extensively used in dentistry to manage wounds healing, dental caries, oral lichen planus, gingivitis and periodontitis, halitosis, osteonecrosis of the jaw, post-surgical pain, plaque and biofilms, root canal treatment, dentin hypersensitivity, temporomandibular joint disorders, and teeth whitening. To date, several studies have evaluated the bleaching effect exerted by ozone on natural teeth, but no studies have been conducted to determine the effect on the color of composite resins. The aim of the present study is to determine whether ozonized oils/gels could determine a color change on composite resin. A total of 40 discs of an A3 shade restorative composite were divided into two groups, respectively exposed to a pigmentation treatment consisting of 10 applications of 10 min each of a 1% chlorhexidine-based gel (trial group) and to storage into physiological solution (control group). The samples of both groups were respectively subdivided into four subgroups which underwent four different protocols, three of which were based on the exposure to different ozonized products and the latter representing the control. A colorimetric analysis with the CIELAB method was conducted with the following timing: after 24 h of storage in physiological solution (before the experimental procedures) (T0), after the subdivision into groups A and B (corresponding to the pigmentation for samples of group A and storage in physiological solution for samples of group B) (T1), and after subdivision into subgroups 1–4 (corresponding to the application of the ozonized products vs. control) (T2). No statistically significant difference was found between the samples at T0. The 20 samples of group A, exposed to the colorant agent, underwent a color change from T0 to T1, whereas the 20 samples exposed to the physiologic solution did not undergo any significant color change. A positive but moderate influence was assessed for E and L values, whereas no significant change occurred for A and B values. Therefore, dental ozonized oils/gels could be valuable in restorative dentistry as bleaching agents of resin composites exposed to discoloration, an alternative to the traditional hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide, but further studies are required to confirm these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume)
12 pages, 1892 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Different Cleaning Protocols on the Surface Roughness of Orthodontic Retainers
by Luka Šimunović, Tadeja Blagec and Senka Meštrović
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1319; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031319 - 18 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2306
Abstract
Thermoplastic materials are sensitive to humidity, temperature variations, enzyme activities, and cyclic loading. All these factors can cause changes to the mechanical properties of the material. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different cleaning protocols on the surface [...] Read more.
Thermoplastic materials are sensitive to humidity, temperature variations, enzyme activities, and cyclic loading. All these factors can cause changes to the mechanical properties of the material. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different cleaning protocols on the surface roughness of orthodontic retainers. Samples of two brands of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) material were exposed to four cleaning protocols: Corega (alkaline peroxide tablets), Toothbrush, Corega + toothbrush, Toothbrush + toothpaste, and Control. Measurement of the surface roughness of the sample on both the top and bottom side was carried out before and after cleaning. There was no statistical difference between the final values of the measured parameters. However, looking at the extent of the change in surface roughness, there was a statistically significant difference in the upper side of the Corega + toothbrush group between Materials A and B. This suggests that there was a greater change in the roughness of material A (Erkodur), given that the mean change in roughness of Material A was Ra 0.047, whereas the mean change in roughness of Material B was Ra 0.022. Almost all the tested cleaning procedures significantly increased the surface roughness of the PET-G retainer material. Of all the methods, the Corega tablets had the lowest influence on surface roughness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume)
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12 pages, 3869 KiB  
Article
In Vivo and In Vitro Accuracy Analysis of Static Computer-Assisted Implant Surgery in an Edentulous Patient
by Nikolay Makarov, Piero Papi, Vincenzo Santomauro, Gabriele Di Carlo, Antonella Polimeni, Bianca Di Murro and Matteo Saccucci
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 1185; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13021185 - 16 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1722
Abstract
Background: Recently, intraoral scanning (IOS) has been proposed as a new tool to evaluate the accuracy of static computer-assisted implant surgery (s-CAIS); however, further research is needed to improve the precision of IOS for full-arch impressions. The purpose of the study was to [...] Read more.
Background: Recently, intraoral scanning (IOS) has been proposed as a new tool to evaluate the accuracy of static computer-assisted implant surgery (s-CAIS); however, further research is needed to improve the precision of IOS for full-arch impressions. The purpose of the study was to assess the accuracy of s-CAIS in an edentulous patient either in vivo or in vitro with two different evaluation techniques and to investigate if their results are comparable. Methods: A patient with terminal dentition was selected and four implants were placed using s-CAIS with a bone-supported stackable template. Segmentation used for designing a template was 3D printed, and then four implants were placed in the model following the same protocol as for s-CAIS. The model then underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and laboratory scanning to evaluate its accuracy. Data were uploaded to specific software, and accuracy values were automatically generated. Results: A statistical analysis was not attempted since all measurements were performed on the same patient and model. When descriptively comparing the accuracy of the two methods of treatment evaluation in the in vitro scenario, comparable results were obtained between IOS and CBCT, except for the angle. Conclusions: As the intraoral scanning procedure in fully edentulous patients is not yet clinically validated, utilizing CBCT can still be recommended for the accurate evaluation of computer-assisted implant placement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume)
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13 pages, 1215 KiB  
Article
Spectrophotometric Analysis of 3D Printed and Conventional Denture Base Resin after Immersion in Different Colouring Agents—An In Vitro Study
by Mariya Dimitrova, Saverio Capodiferro, Angelina Vlahova, Rada Kazakova, Stoyan Kazakov, Giuseppe Barile and Massimo Corsalini
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(24), 12560; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412560 - 08 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1411
Abstract
Three-dimensional printed denture base resins are relatively new materials, and their properties need to be thoroughly investigated to assess whether they can be used clinically. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the colour stability of 3D printed and conventional denture [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional printed denture base resins are relatively new materials, and their properties need to be thoroughly investigated to assess whether they can be used clinically. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the colour stability of 3D printed and conventional denture base resins after immersion in different staining solutions. A total of 200 specimens were manufactured from two types of materials: 3D printed dental resin NextDent Denture 3D+ (NextDent, 3D Systems, the Netherlands) and heat-polymerized PMMA Vertex (3D Systems, the Netherlands), which were immersed in four types of colourants—artificial saliva, coffee, red wine and coke (n = 25). For measuring the colour changes (CIE-L*a*b* system), a SpectroShade Micro spectrophotometer (SpectroShade, Oxnard, CA, USA) was used. After seven days (T1), 14 days (T2) and 21 days (T3), the mean ∆E values were calculated and compared by the Bonferonni post hoc test. The data were processed using the statistical software SPSS 26. The level of significance for rejecting the null hypothesis was fixed at p < 0.05. The highest mean values for ∆E were found for both types of dental resin in red wine, and the lowest mean values for ∆E were found for 3D printed specimens in artificial saliva. The 3D printed denture base resin demonstrated better colour stability than the conventional acrylic materials. The staining effect correlated with the immersion time, with the red wine and coke having the strongest chromogenic impact and the period with the highest colour changes being 21 days. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume)
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Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research, Other

15 pages, 6130 KiB  
Review
Advancements in Oral Maxillofacial Surgery: A Comprehensive Review on 3D Printing and Virtual Surgical Planning
by Jwa-Young Kim, Yong-Chan Lee, Seong-Gon Kim and Umberto Garagiola
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(17), 9907; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13179907 - 01 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3301
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the advancements in Orthognathic and Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, focusing on the integration of 3D Printing and Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP). Traditional surgical methods, while effective, come with inherent risks and complications, and can lead to variability in outcomes due [...] Read more.
This comprehensive review explores the advancements in Orthognathic and Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, focusing on the integration of 3D Printing and Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP). Traditional surgical methods, while effective, come with inherent risks and complications, and can lead to variability in outcomes due to the reliance on the surgeon’s skill and experience. The shift towards patient-centric care necessitates personalized surgical methods, which can be achieved through advanced technology. The amalgamation of 3D printing and VSP revolutionizes surgical planning and implementation by providing tactile 3D models for visualization and planning, and accurately designed surgical guides for execution. This convergence of digital planning and physical modeling facilitates a more predictable, personalized, and precise surgical process. However, the adoption of these technologies presents challenges, including the need for extensive software training and the steep learning curve associated with computer-aided design programs. Despite these challenges, the integration of 3D printing and VSP paves the way for advanced patient care in orthognathic and oral maxillofacial surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume)
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13 pages, 575 KiB  
Review
The Changes in Nickel and Chromium Ion Levels in Saliva with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Systematic Review
by Klaudija Urbutytė, Andrė Barčiūtė and Kristina Lopatienė
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(8), 4739; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084739 - 10 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1436
Abstract
Fixed orthodontic appliances (braces systems) contain variable amounts of nickel and chromium, which can lead to immune responses and allergic reactions. The objective of the present review was to evaluate the changes in the quantity of nickel and chromium in saliva among patients [...] Read more.
Fixed orthodontic appliances (braces systems) contain variable amounts of nickel and chromium, which can lead to immune responses and allergic reactions. The objective of the present review was to evaluate the changes in the quantity of nickel and chromium in saliva among patients wearing braces systems. The electronic databases used to perform the search were Pubmed, ReasearchGate, and Google scholar. After an initial search of these electronic databases, 12 studies were included in the systematic literature review. Overall, 554 patients wearing non-removable orthodontic appliances participated in the research that we reviewed. The age of the subjects ranged from 11 to 35 years. The quantity of chromium and nickel ions in saliva was measured before the braces systems were placed and after some period of having them. After evaluating the changes in nickel and chromium levels in saliva during orthodontic treatment with fixed brackets, it can be concluded that there is an increase in the levels of nickel and chromium ions in saliva. There is a significant increase in these ions after placement of the orthodontic appliances, peaking from three to six months, but not reaching toxic levels. The levels then gradually decrease. A full and detailed examination of the patient before starting orthodontic treatment is important, and alternative orthodontic appliances for patients who are allergic to nickel and/or chromium should be recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume)
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Other

10 pages, 12008 KiB  
Case Report
Surgical Wound Repair with Innovative Hemostatic Glue: Clinical Case Report
by Mario Alovisi, Francesco Erovigni, Lorenzo Bianchi, Beatrice Longhi, Nicola Scotti, Damiano Pasqualini and Elio Berutti
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(15), 8979; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158979 - 04 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1009
Abstract
Background: The labial frenulum may be associated with traction on the marginal gingiva of the incisors with resulting gingival recession, a condition known as “pull syndrome”. In this case, performing a frenulectomy at least 6 months before root covering surgery is necessary. Recently, [...] Read more.
Background: The labial frenulum may be associated with traction on the marginal gingiva of the incisors with resulting gingival recession, a condition known as “pull syndrome”. In this case, performing a frenulectomy at least 6 months before root covering surgery is necessary. Recently, tissue adhesives have been studied as a good alternative to conventional sutures. Methods: A 34-year-old female affected by pull syndrome of the central lower incisors underwent frenulectomy, and an n-hexyl-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive was used to ensure wound closure. Results: The patient was instructed in hygiene maneuvers and rinsed with 0.12% chlorhexidine-based mouthwash for 15 days. The glue was partially removed at 7 days, and for the remaining, natural disposal time was expected. The wound healing process was complete after 15 days with minimal postoperative discomfort. Conclusion: This n-hexyl-cyanoacrylate surgical glue could be proposed as a viable alternative to conventional sutures during surgical procedures involving wide flaps with the impossibility of first-intention healing. Moreover, it could be indicated to reduce operative time and patients’ discomfort, even if these hypotheses should be confirmed by future clinical studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume)
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14 pages, 2638 KiB  
Systematic Review
Simvastatin Embedded into Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid)-Based Scaffolds in Promoting Preclinical Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review
by Eduarda Blasi Magini, Luiza de Oliveira Matos, Raissa Borges Curtarelli, Mariane Beatriz Sordi, Gabriel Leonardo Magrin, Carlos Flores-Mir, Reinhard Gruber and Ariadne Cristiane Cabral Cruz
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(22), 11623; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211623 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1283
Abstract
Simvastatin embedded into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based scaffolds can stimulate bone regeneration in preclinical models. However, the ideal pharmacological dose has not been evaluated. This systematic review reports on the simvastatin doses used in preclinical studies and evaluates the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects. [...] Read more.
Simvastatin embedded into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based scaffolds can stimulate bone regeneration in preclinical models. However, the ideal pharmacological dose has not been evaluated. This systematic review reports on the simvastatin doses used in preclinical studies and evaluates the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects. References were selected in a two-phase process. Electronic databases (Embase, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science) and grey literature databases (Google Scholar, Open Grey, and ProQuest) were searched until September 2022. The risk of bias was considered to be low based on the SYRCLE tool. We identified four studies in rat, two in parietal and two in calvaria bone, one in mouse parietal bone, and one in rabbit femur bone. Simvastatin, ranging from 8 to 100 µg, significantly increased bone formation in five studies, as compared to the scaffold alone based on µ-computed tomography, histomorphometric, and radiography analysis. The median increase in bone formation caused by simvastatin was 2.1-fold compared to the PLGA-based scaffold alone. There was, however, no significant correlation between the relative bone gain and the doses of simvastatin (p = 0.37). The data suggest that relatively lower doses of simvastatin can consistently promote preclinical bone regeneration. However, the interpretation of these data must consider the heterogenicity of the PLGA-scaffolds, the defect anatomy, the observation period, and the evaluation method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications for Dentistry and Oral Health, 2nd Volume)
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