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Biomedicines
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Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Complications 2nd Edition
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Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Complications 2nd Edition

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 3471

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yuji Oe

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
Interests: chronic kidney disease; diabetic kidney disease; glomerulonephritis; nephrotic syndrome; endothelial dysfunction; coagulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is increasing worldwide. CKD is a risk for end-stage kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy and is a leading cause of death. The pathogenesis of CKD is multifactorial, including podocyte and tubular damage, inflammation and fibrosis, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and hypoxia, and is not fully understood. Therefore, exploring the underlying mechanisms of CKD will lead to the development of new therapies. Furthermore, CKD affects multi-organ systems such as cardiovascular diseases, bone abnormalities, muscle atrophy and cognitive function. These complications are closely related to the prognosis of CKD. Therefore, inter-organ crosstalk in CKD has been actively studied.
The aim of this Special Issue is to elucidate the novel pathophysiology of CKD progression and its complications. Both research papers and review articles are welcome. We hope that the papers published in our journal will make a significant contribution to patients suffering from CKD.

Dr. Yuji Oe
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chronic kidney disease
  • diabetic kidney disease
  • cardiovascular disease
  • bone mineral disorder
  • sarcopenia
  • cognitive function
  • renal pathology
  • podocyte
  • renal tubule
  • endothelium
  • inflammation
  • fibrosis
  • mechanism

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1273 KiB  
Article
The Efficacy and Safety of High-Dose Cholecalciferol Therapy in Hemodialysis Patients
by Agnieszka Tarasewicz, Michał Komorniczak, Agnieszka Zakrzewska, Bogdan Biedunkiewicz, Sylwia Małgorzewicz, Magdalena Jankowska, Katarzyna Jasiulewicz, Natalia Płonka, Małgorzata Dąbrowska, Alicja Dębska-Ślizień and Leszek Tylicki
Biomedicines 2024, 12(2), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020377 - 6 Feb 2024
Viewed by 783
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are highly prevalent in CKD, affecting over 80% of hemodialysis (HD) patients and requiring therapeutic intervention. Nephrological societies suggest the administration of cholecalciferol according to the guidelines for the general population. The aim of the observational study was [...] Read more.
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are highly prevalent in CKD, affecting over 80% of hemodialysis (HD) patients and requiring therapeutic intervention. Nephrological societies suggest the administration of cholecalciferol according to the guidelines for the general population. The aim of the observational study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the therapy with a high dose of cholecalciferol in HD patients with 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency to reach the target serum 25(OH)D level > 30 ng/mL. A total of 22 patients (16 M), with an average age of 72.5 ± 13.03 years and 25(OH)D concentration of 13.05 (9.00–17.90) ng/mL, were administered cholecalciferol at a therapeutic dose of 70,000 IU/week (20,000 IU + 20,000 IU + 30,000 IU, immediately after each dialysis session). All patients achieved the target value > 30 ng/mL, with a mean time of 2.86 ± 1.87 weeks. In the first week, the target level of 25(OH)D (100%) was reached by 2 patients (9.09%), in the second week by 15 patients (68.18%), in the fourth week by 18 patients (81.18%), and in the ninth week by all 22 patients (100%). A significant increase in 1,25(OH)2D levels was observed during the study. However, only 2 patients (9.09%) achieved a concentration of 1,25(OH)2D above 25 ng/mL—the lower limit of the reference range. The intact PTH concentrations remained unchanged during the observation period. No episodes of hypercalcemia were detected, and one new episode of hyperphosphatemia was observed. In conclusion, our study showed that the administration of a high-therapeutic dose of cholecalciferol allowed for a quick, effective, and safe leveling of 25(OH)D concentration in HD patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Complications 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 2567 KiB  
Article
Prognostic Significance of Amino Acid and Biogenic Amines Profiling in Chronic Kidney Disease
by Guillermo Gervasini, Zoraida Verde, Luz M. González, Celia Chicharro, Laura González-Rodríguez, Ana Fernández-Araque, Sonia Mota-Zamorano, Bárbara Cancho, Alberto Pérez-Hernández, Virginio García-López, Fernando Bandrés and Nicolás R. Robles
Biomedicines 2023, 11(10), 2775; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102775 - 13 Oct 2023
Viewed by 928
Abstract
There is a pressing need for more precise biomarkers of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Plasma samples from 820 subjects [231 with CKD, 325 with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and 264 controls] were analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine [...] Read more.
There is a pressing need for more precise biomarkers of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Plasma samples from 820 subjects [231 with CKD, 325 with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and 264 controls] were analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine a metabolic profile of 28 amino acids (AAs) and biogenic amines to test their value as markers of CKD risk and progression. The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio showed the strongest correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate values (coefficient = −0.731, p < 0.0001). Models created with orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) containing the metabolic signature showed a high goodness of fit and predictability for controls/CKD (R2X:0.73:R2Y:0.92:Q2:0.92, p < 0.0001) and lower values for CKD/ESKD (R2X:0.56:R2Y:0.59:Q2:0.55, p < 0.0001). Based on generated VIP scores, the most relevant markers for segregating samples into control/CKD and CKD/ESKD groups were citrulline (1.63) and tryptophan (1.47), respectively. ROC analysis showed that the addition of the metabolic profile to a model including CKD classic risk factors improved the AUC from 86.7% (83.6–89.9) to 100% (100–100) for CKD risk (p < 0.0001) and from 63.0% (58.2–67.8) to 96.5% (95.3–97.8) for the risk of progression from CKD to ESKD (p < 0.0001). Plasma concentrations of AAs and related amines may be useful as diagnostic biomarkers of kidney disease, both for CKD risk and for progression of CKD patients to ESKD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Complications 2nd Edition)
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Review

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22 pages, 1423 KiB  
Review
Pathophysiological Link and Treatment Implication of Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
by Giacomo Bonacchi, Valentina Alice Rossi, Manuel Garofalo, Rocco Mollace, Giuseppe Uccello, Paolo Pieragnoli, Luca Checchi, Laura Perrotta, Luca Voltolini, Giuseppe Ricciardi and Matteo Beltrami
Biomedicines 2024, 12(5), 981; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12050981 - 30 Apr 2024
Viewed by 510
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) results from a complex interplay of age, genetic, cardiac remodeling, and concomitant comorbidities including hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal failure is an important comorbidity of HFpEF, as well as a major pathophysiological [...] Read more.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) results from a complex interplay of age, genetic, cardiac remodeling, and concomitant comorbidities including hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal failure is an important comorbidity of HFpEF, as well as a major pathophysiological mechanism for those patients at risk of developing HFpEF. Heart failure (HF) and CKD are intertwined conditions sharing common disease pathways; the so-called “kidney tamponade”, explained by an increase in intracapsular pressure caused by fluid retention, is only the latest model to explain renal injury in HF. Recognizing the different phenotypes of HFpEF remains a real challenge; the pathophysiological mechanisms of renal dysfunction may differ across the HF spectrum, as well as the prognostic role. A better understanding of the role of cardiorenal interactions in patients with HF in terms of symptom status, disease progression, and prognosis remains essential in HF management. Historically, patients with HF and CKD have been scarcely represented in clinical trial populations. Current concerns affect the practical approach to HF treatment, and, in this context, physicians are frequently hesitant to prescribe and titrate both new and old treatments. Therefore, the extensive application of HF drugs in diverse HF subtypes with numerous comorbidities and different renal dysfunction etiologies remains a controversial matter of discussion. Numerous recently introduced drugs, such as sodium–glucose-linked transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), constitute a new therapeutic option for patients with HF and CKD. Because of their protective vascular and hormonal actions, the use of these agents may be safely extended to patients with renal dysfunction in the long term. The present review delves into the phenotype of patients with HFpEF and CKD from a pathophysiological perspective, proposing a treatment approach that suggests a practical stepwise algorithm for the proper application of life-saving therapies in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Complications 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 609 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Physical Exercise on microRNAs in Hemodialysis Patients: A Review and a Protocol for an Ancillary Study
by Rossella Elia, Giovanni Piva, Francesca Bulighin, Nicola Lamberti, Fabio Manfredini, Giovanni Gambaro, Alessio Di Maria, Gianluca Salvagno, Luca Giuseppe Dalle Carbonare, Alda Storari, Maria Teresa Valenti and Yuri Battaglia
Biomedicines 2024, 12(2), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020468 - 19 Feb 2024
Viewed by 862
Abstract
Physical inactivity is considered a significant risk factor for mortality and morbidity among chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Therefore, physical exercise is recommended in the treatment of HD patients. Although the beneficial effects of physical exercise in HD patients are well-described in the literature, [...] Read more.
Physical inactivity is considered a significant risk factor for mortality and morbidity among chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Therefore, physical exercise is recommended in the treatment of HD patients. Although the beneficial effects of physical exercise in HD patients are well-described in the literature, the underlying physiological mechanisms still need to be fully understood. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential mediators of the therapeutic effects of physical exercise in healthy individuals. miRNAs are short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs involved in gene expression regulation. Specifically, upon forming the RNA-induced silencing complex, miRNAs selectively bind to specific miRNAs within cells, reducing gene expression. miRNAs can be secreted by cells in an accessible form or enclosed within exosomes or extracellular vesicles. They can be detected in various body fluids, including serum (circulating miRNAs), facilitating the study of their diverse expression. Currently, there is no available data regarding the impact of physical exercise on the expression of miRNAs involved in osteogenic differentiation, a fundamental mechanism in the development of vascular calcification, for HD patients. Therefore, we have designed an observational and longitudinal case-control study to evaluate the expression of miR-9 and miR-30b in HD patients participating in a 3-month interdialytic physical exercise program. This paper aims to present the study protocol and review the expression of circulating miRNAs in HD patients and their modulation through physical exercise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Complications 2nd Edition)
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