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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections and Alternative Therapies
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Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections and Alternative Therapies

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbiology in Human Health and Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 5745

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Vijay Singh Gondil

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
Interests: antibiotic-resistance; bacterial infections; drug discovery; biofilms; alternative therapeutic agents; combinational therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a global healthcare challenge and therapeutic options for treating antibiotic-resistant infections are shrinking. Antibiotic resistance limits the effectiveness of existing antibiotics and complicates the treatment of infectious diseases. Addressing antibiotic resistance requires a multifaceted approach, and the development of novel alternatives to antibiotics is crucial to combat resistance, which includes the discovery/development of novel antibacterial agents, phages, enzybiotics, plant extracts, antibacterial nanoparticles, etc. These antibacterial agents may offer potential benefits in treating infections when used alone or in combination with available therapeutic options.

This Special Issue is focused on publishing primary research and review articles that explore novel therapeutic agents which could be used as an alternative to conventional antibiotics in managing drug-resistant bacterial infections. We welcome articles focused on topics including, but not limited to:

  1. Applications of phages as therapeutic agents and their synergy with antibiotics;
  2. Applications of enzybiotics as therapeutic agents and their synergy with antibiotics;
  3. Plant-based antibacterial agents;
  4. Antibacterial nanoparticle- and alternative agent-loaded delivery systems;
  5. Drug discovery and development of new antibacterial agents;
  6. Treatment of biofilms and biofilm-associated infections with alternative agents.

Dr. Vijay Singh Gondil
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • alternative agents
  • antibiotics
  • phages
  • endolysins
  • phytochemicals
  • drug discovery
  • nanoparticles
  • biofilms

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1642 KiB  
Article
Characterization of the Outer Membrane Vesicles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exhibiting Growth Inhibition against Acinetobacter baumannii
by Jin-Woong Suh, Jae-Seong Kang, Jeong-Yeon Kim, Sun-Bean Kim, Young-Kyung Yoon and Jang-Wook Sohn
Biomedicines 2024, 12(3), 556; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12030556 - 1 Mar 2024
Viewed by 895
Abstract
We investigated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and their effect on Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) growth in vitro. The inhibitory effects of PA on AB were assessed using a cross-streak assay. The OMVs were extracted through high-speed centrifugation, tangential flow filtration, [...] Read more.
We investigated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and their effect on Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) growth in vitro. The inhibitory effects of PA on AB were assessed using a cross-streak assay. The OMVs were extracted through high-speed centrifugation, tangential flow filtration, and ultracentrifugation and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoparticle tracking assays (NTAs). Proteomic analysis was conducted to compare the OMVs of different PA strains. PA022 exhibited more pronounced inhibition of AB growth compared with PA ATCC 27853. TEM confirmed the presence of OMVs in both PA022 and PA ATCC 27853, revealing phospholipid bilayer structures. The NTA revealed similar sizes and concentrations. Proteomic analysis identified 623 and 538 proteins in PA022 and PA ATCC 27853 OMVs, respectively, with significant proportions of the outer membrane and extracellular proteins, respectively. Importantly, PA022 OMVs contained six known virulence factors and motility-associated proteins. This study revealed the unique characteristics of PA OMVs and their inhibitory effects on AB growth, shedding light on their role in bacterial interactions. Proteomic analysis provides valuable insights into potential pathogenic functions and therapeutic applications against bacterial infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections and Alternative Therapies)
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15 pages, 853 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Antimicrobial Effects of Ibuprofen Combined with Standard-of-Care Antibiotics against Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens
by Qingquan Chen, Marleini Ilanga, Sabona B. Simbassa, Bhagath Chirra, Kush N. Shah and Carolyn L. Cannon
Biomedicines 2023, 11(11), 2936; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112936 - 30 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1347
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common life-shortening genetic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Lungs of CF patients are often colonized or infected with microorganisms requiring frequent courses of antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections have been a [...] Read more.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common life-shortening genetic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Lungs of CF patients are often colonized or infected with microorganisms requiring frequent courses of antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections have been a growing concern in CF patients. Chronic bacterial infections and concomitant airway inflammation damage the lungs, ultimately leading to respiratory failure. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that high-dose ibuprofen reduces the rate of pulmonary function decline in CF patients. This beneficial effect has been attributed to the anti-inflammatory properties of ibuprofen. Previously, we have confirmed that high-dose ibuprofen demonstrates antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa both in vitro and in vivo. However, no study has examined the antimicrobial effect of combining ibuprofen with standard-of-care antimicrobials. Here, we evaluated the possible synergistic activity of combinations of common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely, ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin, with commonly used antibiotics for CF patients. The drug combinations were screened against different CF clinical isolates. Antibiotics that demonstrated increased efficacy in the presence of ibuprofen were further tested for potential synergistic effects between these NSAIDS and antimicrobials. Finally, a survival analysis of a P. aeruginosa murine infection model was used to demonstrate the efficacy of the most potent combination identified in in vitro screening. Our results suggest that combinations of ibuprofen with commonly used antibiotics demonstrate synergistic antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant, clinical bacterial strains in vitro. The efficacy of the combination of ceftazidime and ibuprofen against resistant P. aeruginosa was demonstrated in an in vivo pneumonia model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections and Alternative Therapies)
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9 pages, 3563 KiB  
Article
Preclinical Studies on the Safety and Toxicity of Photoditazine in the Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy of Uropathogenic Bacteria
by Olga Streltsova, Artem Antonyan, Nadezhda Ignatova, Katerina Yunusova, Vadim Elagin and Vladislav Kamensky
Biomedicines 2023, 11(8), 2283; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082283 - 17 Aug 2023
Viewed by 882
Abstract
The ‘dusting’ technique of lithotripsy for the removal of infected urinary calculi and the wide use of drainage after endoscopic surgery may stimulate spreading of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one promising method for the elimination these strains. The purpose [...] Read more.
The ‘dusting’ technique of lithotripsy for the removal of infected urinary calculi and the wide use of drainage after endoscopic surgery may stimulate spreading of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one promising method for the elimination these strains. The purpose of our study was to evaluate alterations of renal pelvis morphology and renal function in laboratory animals after bactericidal regimens of PDT. Renal pelvises of pigs were filled with Photoditazine and then assessed either by examining the accumulation of Photoditazine in the urothelium or by illumination with a laser at a wavelength of 662 nm. A renal test and a complete blood count was performed to assess a negative effect of the treatment on health. Structural alterations of the kidney tissues were analyzed by histological examination. No photosensitizer fluorescence was detected in the urothelium of the pelvis. Histological study showed that PDT caused minor changes to the urothelium of the renal pelvis but did not affect the underlying connective tissue. No renal function abnormalities were found after PDT. Thus, the study indicates that antibacterial PDT is a safety technique that can complement common antibiotic therapy in the surgical treatment of urolithiasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections and Alternative Therapies)
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16 pages, 7228 KiB  
Article
In-Vivo Bactericidal Potential of Mangifera indica Mediated Silver Nanoparticles against Aeromonas hydrophila in Cirrhinus mrigala
by Muhammad Akram Raza, Zakia Kanwal, Saira Riaz, Maira Amjad, Shafqat Rasool, Shahzad Naseem, Nadeem Abbas, Naushad Ahmad and Suliman Yousef Alomar
Biomedicines 2023, 11(8), 2272; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082272 - 15 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1123
Abstract
The present study reports the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaves’ extract of Mangifera indica (M. indica) and their antibacterial efficacy against Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) in Cirrhinus mrigala (C. mrigala). The prepared M. indica mediated [...] Read more.
The present study reports the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaves’ extract of Mangifera indica (M. indica) and their antibacterial efficacy against Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) in Cirrhinus mrigala (C. mrigala). The prepared M. indica mediated silver nanoparticles (Mi-AgNPs) were found to be polycrystalline in nature, spherical in shapes with average size of 62 ± 13 nm. C. mrigala (n = ±15/group) were divided into six groups i.e., G1: control, G2: A. hydrophila challenged, G3: A. hydrophila challenged + Mi-AgNPs (0.01 mg/L), G4: A. hydrophila challenged + Mi-AgNPs (0.05 mg/L), G5: A. hydrophila challenged + Mi-AgNPs (0.1 mg/L) and G6: A. hydrophila challenged + M. indica extract (0.1 mg/L). Serum biochemical, hematological, histological and oxidative biomarkers were evaluated after 15 days of treatment. The liver enzyme activities, serum proteins, hematological parameters and oxidative stress markers were found to be altered in the challenged fish but showed retrieval effects with Mi-AgNPs treatment. The histological analysis of liver, gills and kidney of the challenged fish also showed regaining effects following Mi-AgNPs treatment. A CFU assay from muscle tissue provided quantitative data that Mi-AgNPs can hinder the bacterial proliferation in challenged fish. The findings of this work suggest that M. indica based silver nanoparticles can be promising candidates for the control and treatment of microbial infections in aquaculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections and Alternative Therapies)
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Review

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14 pages, 275 KiB  
Review
At the Intersection of Critical Care and Infectious Diseases: The Year in Review
by Sarah R. Sabo, Aarthi Venkatramanan and Andrew F. Shorr
Biomedicines 2024, 12(3), 562; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12030562 - 2 Mar 2024
Viewed by 765
Abstract
Severe infection represents a leading reason for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) while nosocomial infection can arise as a complication of care in the ICU. The mortality and morbidity of such infections are substantial. These processes also put economic strain on [...] Read more.
Severe infection represents a leading reason for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) while nosocomial infection can arise as a complication of care in the ICU. The mortality and morbidity of such infections are substantial. These processes also put economic strain on the healthcare system. Additionally, the continued spread of antimicrobial resistance has made it more challenging both to prevent and treat severe infection. Until recently, there were few well-done trials addressing infection among the critically ill. However, over the last year, six important randomized studies have dealt with a range of topics at the intersection of infectious diseases and critical care. Our goal is to review these reports in order to clarify their major findings, significance, strengths, weaknesses, and clinical applications. Specifically, we explore and discuss six trials conducted in the areas of (1) prevention, (2) the present use of standard antimicrobials, and (3) novel adjunctive and antibiotic treatments. Through highlighting these trials, we hope to help clinicians apply their important findings in an evidence-based fashion at the bedside. It is through the application of key evidence that both infectious disease practitioners and intensivists can improve patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections and Alternative Therapies)
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