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Biomedicines
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Genetic, Hormonal and Metabolic Aspects
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Genetic, Hormonal and Metabolic Aspects

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Metabolism Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 4477

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Edmund Chada Baracat

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Gynecology Discipline, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
2. Gynecology Division, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Interests: gynecological endocrinology; PCOS; infertility; menopause
Prof. Dr. Jose Maria Soares Junior

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM-58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas HC-FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
Interests: gynecological endocrinology; PCOS; infertility; menopause
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Gustavo A. R. Maciel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Gynecology Discipline, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Interests: gynecological endocrinology; PCOS; infertility; menopause

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinopathy affecting reproductive and metabolic health in women. This Special Issue of Biomedicines focuses on the genetic and metabolic aspects of PCOS, providing insight into the underlying mechanisms and potential treatment options for this common disorder.

The Issue will include several articles covering a range of topics related to PCOS, including genetic factors, hormonal aspects, insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction, as well as perspectives related to intervention in these cases. In addition, it will provide a comprehensive overview of the genetic, hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS and highlight potential avenues for future research and treatment options.

Prof. Dr. Edmund Chada Baracat
Prof. Dr. Jose Maria Soares Junior
Prof. Dr. Gustavo A. R. Maciel
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • PCOS
  • genetic factors
  • hormonal aspects
  • insulin resistance
  • metabolic dysfunction
  • new therapies

Published Papers (5 papers)

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17 pages, 5600 KiB  
Article
The Efficacy of Hispidin and Magnesium Nanoparticles against Zearalenone-Induced Fungal Toxicity Causing Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Rats
by Amenah Alenazi, Promy Virk, Reem Almoqhem, Amani Alsharidah, Muath Q. Al-Ghadi, Waleed Aljabr, Fawaz Alasmari and Gadah Albasher
Biomedicines 2024, 12(5), 943; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12050943 - 24 Apr 2024
Viewed by 405
Abstract
Contamination by fungi and the toxins they secrete is a worldwide health concern. One such toxin is zearalenone (Zea), which is structurally similar to the hormone estrogen, interferes with its action on the reproductive system, and is therefore classified as an endocrine disruptor. [...] Read more.
Contamination by fungi and the toxins they secrete is a worldwide health concern. One such toxin is zearalenone (Zea), which is structurally similar to the hormone estrogen, interferes with its action on the reproductive system, and is therefore classified as an endocrine disruptor. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of hispidin and magnesium nanoparticles (MgONPs) against zearalenone-induced myotoxicity, which causes polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in rats. A three-month exposure study was performed using female Wistar rats (n = 42) with an average weight of 100–150 g. The animals were divided into six groups (I to VI) of seven rats each. Group I was administered distilled water as a negative control. Group II was exposed to Zea 0.1 mg/kg b.w. through gavage daily. Group III was treated with 0.1 mg/kg of hispidin through gavage daily. Group IV was given 150 µg/mL MgONPs orally each day. Group V was treated with Zea 0.1 mg/kg b.w. + 0.1 mg/kg hispidin orally each day. Group VI was treated with Zea 0.1 mg/kg b.w. and the combination treatment of 0.1 mg/kg hispidin + 150 µg/mL MgONPs through gavage every day. The effectiveness of hispidin and MgONPs against Zea toxicity was evaluated in terms of ovarian histological changes, gene expression, oxidative stress biomarkers, biochemical variables, and hormone levels. The findings showed that exposure to Zea promotes PCOS in rats, with Zea-treated rats displaying hyper-ovulation with large cysts; elevated testosterone, luteinizing hormone, insulin, and glucose; and reduced sex hormone-binding globulin. In addition, qRT-PCR for aromatase (Cyp19α1) showed it to be downregulated. Treatment with hispidin improved the histopathological and hormonal situation and rescued expression of Cyp19α. Our data indicate the potential therapeutic effects of hispidin against Zea-induced Fungal Toxicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Genetic, Hormonal and Metabolic Aspects)
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10 pages, 1586 KiB  
Article
Oncostatin M Is Related to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Case Control Study
by Figen Efe Camili, Merve Akis, Ertan Adali, Adnan Adil Hismiogullari, Mine Islimye Taskin, Gurhan Guney and Selim Afsar
Biomedicines 2024, 12(2), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020355 - 02 Feb 2024
Viewed by 846
Abstract
Background: Oncostatin M, a novel adipokine, plays a role in oogenesis, lipogenesis, and inflammation and may contribute to polycystic ovary syndrome pathogenesis and related metabolic problems. Adipokines are believed to contribute to developing polycystic ovary syndrome and its accompanying metabolic parameters, such as [...] Read more.
Background: Oncostatin M, a novel adipokine, plays a role in oogenesis, lipogenesis, and inflammation and may contribute to polycystic ovary syndrome pathogenesis and related metabolic problems. Adipokines are believed to contribute to developing polycystic ovary syndrome and its accompanying metabolic parameters, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. Methods: In this case–control study, the patients were grouped in a 1:1 ratio into either the polycystic ovary syndrome (n = 32) or the control group (n = 32). Serum levels of fasting glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, white blood cell count, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, total testosterone, prolactin, estradiol, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and oncostatin M were analyzed. Results: Oncostatin M levels were significantly lower, but C-reactive protein levels were substantially higher in the polycystic ovary syndrome group than in the control group (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, respectively). Oncostatin M was inversely correlated with total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, and the luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio (ρ = −0.329, p =0.017; ρ = −0.386, p = 0.005; ρ = −0.440, p = 0.001; ρ = −0.316, p = 0.023, respectively). Conversely, there was no correlation between oncostatin M and total testosterone level (ρ = 0.220; p = 0.118). In the context of inflammation and metabolic parameters, oncostatin M was inversely correlated with C-reactive protein, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance score, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ρ = −0.353, p = 0.019; ρ = −0.275, p = 0.048; ρ = −0.470, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Plasma oncostatin M levels were considerably lower in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome than in the control group, and this was inversely correlated with the hormonal and metabolic parameters of polycystic ovary syndrome. Thus, oncostatin M may be a novel therapeutic target for polycystic ovary syndrome and its metabolic parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Genetic, Hormonal and Metabolic Aspects)
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19 pages, 1573 KiB  
Article
Influence of Phenotypes on the Metabolic Syndrome of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome over a Six-Year Follow-Up in Brazil
by Jose Maria Soares-Jr., Sylvia Asaka Yamashita Hayashida, Jose Antonio Miguel Marcondes, Gustavo Arantes Rosa Maciel, Cristiano Roberto Grimaldi Barcellos, Giovana De Nardo Maffazioli, Karla Krislaine Alves Costa Monteiro, Jose Antonio Orellana Turri, Ricardo Azziz and Edmund Chada Baracat
Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3262; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123262 - 09 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 791
Abstract
Background: We followed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women with metabolic syndrome (MS) over a six-year treatment period and evaluated the influence of PCOS phenotypes on MS and on the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This was an observational study of [...] Read more.
Background: We followed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women with metabolic syndrome (MS) over a six-year treatment period and evaluated the influence of PCOS phenotypes on MS and on the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This was an observational study of 457 PCOS women, whose demographic, clinical, hormonal, and metabolic data underwent analysis. The PCOS women were divided into four groups per NIH recommendations. Results: After a follow-up of a mean of six years (1–20 years), 310 patients were selected to assess the development of T2DM and MS. The clinical and biochemical parameters, along with the Rotterdam phenotypes, were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Student’s t- and the Pearson chi-square tests for data variation and group proportions, respectively. Additionally, multivariate analysis was applied to evaluate the effect of PCOS phenotypes on the risk for MS and T2DM. Patients of the four PCOS phenotypes did not differ in age, body mass index, total testosterone, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, but phenotype A patients showed the highest risk for T2DM. A decrease in androgen levels was not followed by an improved metabolic profile; instead, there was a significant increase in the number of T2DM cases. Conclusion: Phenotype A women are at the highest risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Genetic, Hormonal and Metabolic Aspects)
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13 pages, 527 KiB  
Article
Influence of hsCRP Parameter on the Occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
by Katarzyna Lejman-Larysz, Dominika Pietrzyk, Adrianna Ćwiertnia, Mateusz Kozłowski, Sebastian Kwiatkowski, Iwona Szydłowska, Jolanta Nawrocka-Rutkowska, Jacek Brodowski, Elżbieta Sowińska-Przepiera, Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska and Agnieszka Brodowska
Biomedicines 2023, 11(7), 1953; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11071953 - 10 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1370
Abstract
PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is a common endocrine disorder that affects 8–13% of women of reproductive age. Increased body weight and insulin resistance may be associated with chronic inflammation, which increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. CRP (C-reactive protein) tests may be use [...] Read more.
PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is a common endocrine disorder that affects 8–13% of women of reproductive age. Increased body weight and insulin resistance may be associated with chronic inflammation, which increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. CRP (C-reactive protein) tests may be use to assess persistent inflammation. Elevated CRP levels may be associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Determination of hsCRP, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, can be used to assess cardiovascular risk in women with PCOS. In this study, 120 women between the ages of 18 and 42 were divided into two groups: patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (n = 80) and regular menstruating women in whom PCOS was excluded (n = 40). Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism parameters and hsCRP levels were assessed, followed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for hsCRP, where metabolic syndrome was the dependent variable. For hsCRP, the cutoff point was 1.44 (mg/dL). Sensitivity for the cutoff point was 0.913 and specificity was 0.691. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.851 (p < 0.000). The closer the AUC value is to unity, the better the predictive ability of the studied variable. There was also a statistically significant correlation between hsCRP levels and the presence of metabolic syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Genetic, Hormonal and Metabolic Aspects)
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22 pages, 6345 KiB  
Systematic Review
Pituitary Suppression with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Prior to Artificial Endometrial Preparation in Frozen–Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Different Protocols and Infertile Populations
by Nguyen-Tuong Ho, Dang Khanh Ngan Ho, Xuan Hong Tomai, Nam Nhat Nguyen, Hung Song Nguyen, Yu-Ming Hu, Shu-Huei Kao and Chii-Ruey Tzeng
Biomedicines 2024, 12(4), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12040760 - 29 Mar 2024
Viewed by 614
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of GnRHa pretreatment on pregnancy outcomes in artificial endometrial preparation for frozen–thawed embryo transfer (AC-FET) cycles. A systematic review of English language studies published before 1 September 2022, was conducted, excluding conference papers and preprints. Forty-one studies involving [...] Read more.
This study investigates the effect of GnRHa pretreatment on pregnancy outcomes in artificial endometrial preparation for frozen–thawed embryo transfer (AC-FET) cycles. A systematic review of English language studies published before 1 September 2022, was conducted, excluding conference papers and preprints. Forty-one studies involving 43,021 participants were analyzed using meta-analysis, with a sensitivity analysis ensuring result robustness. The study found that GnRHa pretreatment generally improved the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), implantation rate (IR), and live birth rate (LBR). However, discrepancies existed between randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies; RCTs showed no significant differences in outcomes for GnRHa-treated cycles. Depot GnRHa protocols outperformed daily regimens in LBR. Extended GnRHa pretreatment (two to five cycles) significantly improved CPR and IR compared to shorter treatment. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) saw substantial benefits from GnRHa pretreatment, including improved CPR and LBR and reduced miscarriage rates. In contrast, no significant benefits were observed in women with regular menstruation. More rigorous research is needed to solidify these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Genetic, Hormonal and Metabolic Aspects)
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