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Brain Sciences
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Brain Stimulation and Parkinson's Disease
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Brain Stimulation and Parkinson's Disease

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neuromuscular and Movement Disorders".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 July 2020) | Viewed by 11691

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Khashayar Dashtipour

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurology/Movement Disorders, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Offices, 11370 Anderson, Suite B-100, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
Interests: blepharospasm; dystonia; parkinson’s disease; torticollis; botulinum toxins

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Brain stimulation through techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a growing area in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). At the electrophysiological level, brain stimulation helps us to understand the repair mechanisms and roles of compensatory mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. DBS can be used effectively to manage the symptoms of movement disorders such as PD. Recently, more devices have received FDA approval to be applied in PD. The recently developed devices reduce voltage fluctuations and deliver constant current stimulation in a manner intended to provide more accurate and consistent delivery of electricity to the brain. More recently, directional stimulation has been to manage symptoms of the patients while minimizing potential side effects during DBS programming.

In this Special Issue of Brain Sciences, we aim to present a collection of manuscripts on a variety of topics related to brain stimulation and PD to bridge the gap between basic and clinical sciences.

Dr. Khashayar Dashtipour
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Deep Brain Stimulation
  • Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
  • Basal Ganglia
  • Subthalamic Nucleus
  • Globus Palidus

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 691 KiB  
Communication
Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Study
by Craig D. Workman, Alexandra C. Fietsam, Ergun Y. Uc and Thorsten Rudroff
Brain Sci. 2020, 10(2), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10020096 - 11 Feb 2020
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 4989
Abstract
People with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD) often experience gait and balance problems that substantially impact their quality of life. Pharmacological, surgical, and rehabilitative treatments have limited effectiveness and many PwPD continue to experience gait and balance impairment. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may represent [...] Read more.
People with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD) often experience gait and balance problems that substantially impact their quality of life. Pharmacological, surgical, and rehabilitative treatments have limited effectiveness and many PwPD continue to experience gait and balance impairment. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may represent a viable therapeutic adjunct. The effects of lower intensity tDCS (2 mA) over frontal brain areas, in unilateral and bilateral montages, has previously been explored; however, the effects of lower and higher intensity cerebellar tDCS (2 mA and 4 mA, respectively) on gait and balance has not been investigated. Seven PwPD underwent five cerebellar tDCS conditions (sham, unilateral 2 mA, bilateral 2 mA, unilateral 4 mA, and bilateral 4 mA) for 20 min. After a 10 min rest, gait and balance were tested. The results indicated that the bilateral 4 mA cerebellar tDCS condition had a significantly higher Berg Balance Scale score compared to sham. This study provides preliminary evidence that a single session of tDCS over the cerebellum, using a bilateral configuration at a higher intensity (4 mA), significantly improved balance performance. This intensity and cerebellar configuration warrants future investigation in larger samples and over repeated sessions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain Stimulation and Parkinson's Disease)
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10 pages, 379 KiB  
Article
Perspectives on Deep Brain Stimulation and Its Earlier Use for Parkinson’s Disease: A Qualitative Study of US Patients
by Laura Y. Cabrera, Karen Kelly-Blake and Christos Sidiropoulos
Brain Sci. 2020, 10(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10010034 - 08 Jan 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3591
Abstract
Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is being used earlier than was previously the case in the disease progression in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). To explore preferences about the timing of DBS, we asked PD patients with DBS whether they would have preferred [...] Read more.
Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is being used earlier than was previously the case in the disease progression in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). To explore preferences about the timing of DBS, we asked PD patients with DBS whether they would have preferred the implantation procedure to have occurred earlier after diagnosis. Methods: Twenty Michigan-based patients were interviewed about both their experiences with DBS as well as their attitudes regarding the possible earlier use of DBS. We used a structured interview, with both closed and open-ended questions. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. Results: We found that the majority of our participants (72%) had high overall satisfaction with DBS in addressing motor symptoms (mean of 7.5/10) and quality of life (mean of 8.25/10). Participants were mixed about whether they would have undergone DBS earlier than they did, with five participants being unsure and the remaining nearly equally divided between yes and no. Conclusion: Patient attitudes on the early use of DBS were mixed. Our results suggest that while patients were grateful for improvements experienced with DBS, they would not necessarily have endorsed its implementation earlier in their disease progression. Larger studies are needed to further examine our findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain Stimulation and Parkinson's Disease)
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13 pages, 1644 KiB  
Article
Speech Intelligibility During Clinical and Low Frequency
by John J. Sidtis, Diana Van Lancker Sidtis, Ritesh Ramdhani and Michele Tagliati
Brain Sci. 2020, 10(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10010026 - 02 Jan 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2640
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become an effective and widely used tool in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). STN-DBS has varied effects on speech. Clinical speech ratings suggest worsening following STN-DBS, but quantitative intelligibility, perceptual, and acoustic [...] Read more.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become an effective and widely used tool in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). STN-DBS has varied effects on speech. Clinical speech ratings suggest worsening following STN-DBS, but quantitative intelligibility, perceptual, and acoustic studies have produced mixed and inconsistent results. Improvements in phonation and declines in articulation have frequently been reported during different speech tasks under different stimulation conditions. Questions remain about preferred STN-DBS stimulation settings. Seven right-handed, native speakers of English with PD treated with bilateral STN-DBS were studied off medication at three stimulation conditions: stimulators off, 60 Hz (low frequency stimulation—LFS), and the typical clinical setting of 185 Hz (High frequency—HFS). Spontaneous speech was recorded in each condition and excerpts were prepared for transcription (intelligibility) and difficulty judgements. Separate excerpts were prepared for listeners to rate abnormalities in voice, articulation, fluency, and rate. Intelligibility for spontaneous speech was reduced at both HFS and LFS when compared to STN-DBS off. On the average, speech produced at HFS was more intelligible than that produced at LFS, but HFS made the intelligibility task (transcription) subjectively more difficult. Both voice quality and articulation were judged to be more abnormal with DBS on. STN-DBS reduced the intelligibility of spontaneous speech at both LFS and HFS but lowering the frequency did not improve intelligibility. Voice quality ratings with STN-DBS were correlated with the ratings made without stimulation. This was not true for articulation ratings. STN-DBS exacerbated existing voice problems and may have introduced new articulatory abnormalities. The results from individual DBS subjects showed both improved and reduced intelligibility varied as a function of DBS, with perceived changes in voice appearing to be more reflective of intelligibility than perceived changes in articulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain Stimulation and Parkinson's Disease)
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