Estrogens and Estrogen Receptor Modulators in Cancer Research and Therapy (Volume II)

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 2387

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This collection is the second edition of the Special Issue “Estrogens and Estrogen Receptor Modulators in Cancer Research and Therapy” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cancers/special_issues/estrogen_cancer).

Estrogens affect oncogenesis and tumor progression in a variety of cancer entities such as prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and gynecological tumors of the endometrium and ovary. Three primary mediators of estrogen actions are currently known: estrogen receptor (ER)α, ERβ, and G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). ERα triggers tumor growth in breast cancer (and other cancer types) and is thereby an established therapy target in this cancer entity. The function of Erβ in cancer is less understood, particularly due to former problems regarding antibody specificity, and it is suggested to act as a partial ERα antagonist and a tumor suppressor in various cancer types such as breast and prostate cancer, although further research on the function of ERβ in these and other cancer entities is required. Another level of complexity was added by the realization that the ESR1 and ESR2 genes code for multiple splice variants, which are partially translated into proteins with altered functions. Increasing evidence suggests that GPER1 contributes to endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer while also playing a complex role in a number of other cancers, including melanoma. Further efforts are needed to elucidate the pleiotropic function of GPER1 in cancer. Additionally, recent evidence suggests that estrogens not only act on tumor cells but also on the function of multiple cells of the tumor microenvironment, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and adipocytes, which can greatly affect carcinogenesis. This is another important mechanism of estrogen effects in cancer, which needs further investigation.

In this Special Issue of Cancers, we aim to stimulate discussions on these topics by bringing together expert opinions from across the field. We welcome submissions (original research papers and comprehensive reviews) that cover any relevant topic, such as estrogen signaling and function in less-studied cancer types, the function of receptor splice variants in cancer, the role of ER and GPER1 in any cancer entity, the effect of ER modulators and their combinations on cancer cells, the significance of the interaction between estrogen- and growth factor signaling, or the effect of estrogens on the efficacy of targeted cancer therapy drugs.

Prof. Dr. Oliver Treeck
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • estrogen-dependent cancer
  • estrogens
  • estrogen receptors
  • estrogen receptor splice variants
  • estrogen receptor modulators
  • estrogen signaling
  • cancer therapy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

33 pages, 3133 KiB  
Review
The Role of Estrogen and Estrogen Receptors in Head and Neck Tumors
by Jacqueline-Katrin Kranjčević, Josipa Čonkaš and Petar Ozretić
Cancers 2024, 16(8), 1575; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16081575 - 19 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2111
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common histological form of head and neck tumors (HNTs), which originate from the epithelium of the lips and oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, salivary glands, nasal cavity, and sinuses. The main risk factors include [...] Read more.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common histological form of head and neck tumors (HNTs), which originate from the epithelium of the lips and oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, salivary glands, nasal cavity, and sinuses. The main risk factors include consumption of tobacco in all forms and alcohol, as well as infections with high-risk human papillomaviruses or the Epstein–Barr virus. Regardless of the etiological agent, the risk of developing different types of HNTs is from two to more than six times higher in males than in females. The reason for such disparities probably lies in a combination of both biological and psychosocial factors. Therefore, it is hypothesized that exposure to female sex hormones, primarily estrogen, provides women with protection against the formation and metastasis of HNTs. In this review, we synthesized available knowledge on the role of estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) in the development and progression of HNTs, with special emphasis on membrane ERs, which are much less studied. We can summarize that in addition to epidemiologic studies unequivocally pointing to the protective effect of estrogen in women, an increased expression of both nuclear ERs, ERα, and ERβ, and membrane ERs, ERα36, GPER1, and NaV1.2, was present in different types of HNSCC, for which anti-estrogens could be used as an effective therapeutic approach. Full article
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