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Chemistry
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Low-Cost Water Treatment - New Materials and New Approaches
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Low-Cost Water Treatment - New Materials and New Approaches

A special issue of Chemistry (ISSN 2624-8549). This special issue belongs to the section "Green and Environmental Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 14751

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Andreas Taubert

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Guest Editor
Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Building 25, Rm. B.0.17-17, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany
Interests: inorganic materials synthesis in ionic liquids; functional ionic liquids-hybrid materials; ionogels; biomimetic materials; hybrid materials; calcium phosphate; silica; water treatment; energy materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Emmanuel Unuabonah

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer’s University, PMB 230, Ede, Nigeria
Interests: adsorbents; photocatalysis; composites; water treatment; environmental engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water is one of the most valuable resources, and in (pre)historic times, wars began over access to reliable water sources. With an ever-growing world population and with climate change currently accelerating global transformation, access to clean water for a world population approaching eight billion humans is a critical issue for global health and security. As a result, the production of clean water, the long-term quality assurance of water resources, and the establishment of safe and secure water politics are among the global key challenges for the present and the future.

Chemistry, materials science, engineering, and education can significantly contribute to the technical aspects of securing water availability and water quality. The current Special Issue concentrates on material-based approaches for water treatment such as adsorbents, (photo)catalysts, engineered materials with special properties useful for the degradation of hazardous substances, and related topics. A special focus is on low-cost, high-performance materials because the single major reason for many of the severe health issues in the developing countries is not a lack of technologies for water purification but cost. We must therefore not only concentrate on new technologies and approaches suited to first-world problems, but there is a very special and challenging mandate for these rich countries to also develop viable technologies for people living in countries with much more problematic water situations.

As long-term collaborators on the subject and as the guest editors of this Special Issue, we invite you to show us your newest research and developments in the field of low-cost materials for water treatment. We encourage everyone to discuss what can be done to alleviate some of the problems we are currently facing and are looking forward to many interesting and exciting contributions.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Materials.

Prof. Dr. Andreas Taubert
Prof. Dr. Emmanuel Unuabonah
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Chemistry is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • water treatment
  • remediation
  • low-cost materials
  • adsorbents
  • (photo)catalysts
  • engineered materials
  • renewable raw materials

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2890 KiB  
Article
Breathable Iron-Based MIL-88 Framework as Dye Adsorbent in Aqueous Solution
by Dita A. Nurani, Nabila Anisa, Irena Khatrin, Yasmine, Grandprix T. M. Kadja and Yuni K. Krisnandi
Chemistry 2024, 6(2), 283-298; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry6020015 - 14 Mar 2024
Viewed by 2982
Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been observed to exclusively eliminate dyes confined within their respective pores. In this investigation, the synthesis of a breathable MOF structure, MIL-88B(Fe), was pursued with the objective of circumventing restrictions on pore size to enhance its adsorption capabilities. The [...] Read more.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been observed to exclusively eliminate dyes confined within their respective pores. In this investigation, the synthesis of a breathable MOF structure, MIL-88B(Fe), was pursued with the objective of circumventing restrictions on pore size to enhance its adsorption capabilities. The synthesis of MIL-88B(Fe) was carried out via the assisted solvothermal method at 373 K using inexpensive yet environmentally benign FeCl3·6H2O, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and DMF as a metal precursor, linker, and solvent, respectively. Furthermore, the MOF was subjected to extensive analytical characterisation using XRD, FT-IR spectroscopy, N2 gas sorption, TGA, and SEM. The experimental data showed that the utilisation of MIL-88B(Fe) with a dose level of 5 mg for 180 min at a pH of 9 led to the highest levels of adsorption for both dyes, with 162.82 mg g−1 for methylene blue (MB) and 144.65 mg g−1 for rhodamine B (RhB), as a result of the contrast in the molecular size between each dye. The Langmuir and Freundlich models demonstrated a correlation with isotherms, while the thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that MIL-88B(Fe) exhibits distinct endothermic and breathable properties. The efficacy of MIL-88B(Fe) adsorbent for MB and RhB in aqueous solutions indicated exceptional performance, stability, and noteworthy reusability performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Cost Water Treatment - New Materials and New Approaches)
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15 pages, 3590 KiB  
Article
Methylene Blue Removal by Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Obtained from Green Synthesis of Melia azedarach: Kinetic and Isotherm Studies
by Wafa K. Essa
Chemistry 2024, 6(1), 249-263; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry6010012 - 19 Feb 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2407
Abstract
In this study, Melia azedarach fruit extract was used as a reducing agent and copper chloride dihydrate (CuCl2·2H2O) was used as a precursor in the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). The UV–visible spectrum showed a characteristic absorption [...] Read more.
In this study, Melia azedarach fruit extract was used as a reducing agent and copper chloride dihydrate (CuCl2·2H2O) was used as a precursor in the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). The UV–visible spectrum showed a characteristic absorption peak of CuO NPs at 350 nm. The surface properties of the adsorbent were analyzed through various techniques, indicating the successful formation of CuO NPs. The impacts of several factors, including initial pH (4 to 8), a dose of CuO NPs adsorbent (0.01–0.05 g), dye initial concentration (10–50 mg·L−1), and contact times ranging from 5 to 120 min, were examined in batch adsorption studies. Based on the experimental results, the Langmuir isotherm is well-fitted, indicating MB dye monolayer capping on the CuO NPs surface with 26.738 mg·g−1 as a maximum adsorption capacity Qm value. For the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, the experimental and calculated adsorption capacity values (qe) exhibited good agreement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Cost Water Treatment - New Materials and New Approaches)
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12 pages, 4698 KiB  
Article
Insight into the Adsorption Behavior of Carbon Nanoparticles Derived from Coffee Skin Waste for Remediating Water Contaminated with Pharmaceutical Ingredients
by Mutaz Salih, Babiker Y. Abdulkhair and Mansour Alotaibi
Chemistry 2023, 5(3), 1870-1881; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry5030128 - 24 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1383
Abstract
Coffee skins, a cheap, agricultural waste, were carbonized in a tubular furnace under a nitrogen stream and then ball milled to fabricate coffee skin-carbon-nanoparticles (CCNPs). SEM showed 35.6–41.6 nm particle size. The 26.64 and 43.16 peaks in the XRD indicated a cubic graphite [...] Read more.
Coffee skins, a cheap, agricultural waste, were carbonized in a tubular furnace under a nitrogen stream and then ball milled to fabricate coffee skin-carbon-nanoparticles (CCNPs). SEM showed 35.6–41.6 nm particle size. The 26.64 and 43.16 peaks in the XRD indicated a cubic graphite lattice. The FT-IR broadband revealed a 2500–3500 cm−1 peak, suggesting an acidic O-H group. CCNPs possessed a type-H3-loop in the N2-adsorption-desorption analysis, with a surface of 105.638 m2 g−1. Thereafter, CCNPs were tested for ciprofloxacin (CPXN) adsorption, which reached equilibrium in 90 min. CCNPs captured 142.6 mg g−1 from 100 mg L−1 CPXN, and the 5:12 sorbent mass-to-solution volume ratio was suitable for treating up to 75 mg L−1 contamination. The qt dropped from 142.6 to 114.3 and 79.2 mg g−1 as the temperature rose from 20 °C to 35 °C and 50 °C, respectively, indicating exothermic adsorption. CPXN removal efficiency decreased below pH 5.0 and above pH 8.0. Kinetically, CPXN adsorption fits the second-order model and is controlled by the liquid-film mechanism, indicating its preference for the CCNPs’ surface. The adsorption agreement with the liquid-film and Freundlich models implied the ease of CPXN penetration into the CCNP inner shells and the multilayered accumulation of CPXN on the CCNPs’ surface. The negative ∆H° and ∆G° revealed the exothermic nature and spontaneity of CPXN adsorption onto the CCNP. The CCNPs showed an efficiency of 95.8% during four consecutive regeneration-reuse cycles with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.1%, and the lowest efficiency in the fourth cycle was 92.8%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Cost Water Treatment - New Materials and New Approaches)
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13 pages, 6768 KiB  
Article
MgAl-NO3 LDH: Adsorption Isotherms and Multivariate Optimization for Cr(VI) Removal
by Anna Maria Cardinale, Cristina Carbone, Simone Molinari, Gabriella Salviulo and Francisco Ardini
Chemistry 2023, 5(1), 633-645; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry5010045 - 14 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2111
Abstract
Within the framework of the various strategies studied for the abatement of polluting agents in water, both from anthropogenic and natural origins, adsorption processes are among the most widespread techniques. In this context, Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) play a fundamental role. In this [...] Read more.
Within the framework of the various strategies studied for the abatement of polluting agents in water, both from anthropogenic and natural origins, adsorption processes are among the most widespread techniques. In this context, Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) play a fundamental role. In this study, a Mg–Al LDH (nitrate intercalated, Mg/Al = 2) was prepared to be used as an anion exchanger for Cr(VI)-removal purposes from water. The LDH was synthesized through a coprecipitation reaction, followed by an aging process under heating. The compound was characterized by means of inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Regarding LDH adsorption capacity, with respect to Cr(VI), the adsorption isotherms and reaction kinetic were studied, and the adsorption process was well described by the Langmuir model. A central composite design was used for the multivariate optimization of the working parameters. The maximum adsorption capacity was estimated to be 30 mg/g. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Cost Water Treatment - New Materials and New Approaches)
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12 pages, 2684 KiB  
Article
Imidazolium-Modified Silica Gel for Highly Selective Preconcentration of Ag(I) from the Nitric Acid Medium
by Dzhamilay N. Konshina, Ida A. Lupanova and Valery V. Konshin
Chemistry 2022, 4(4), 1702-1713; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry4040111 - 10 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1683
Abstract
The ion-exchange behavior of an organomineral material with an imidazolium (1-methyl-3-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide)-modified silica gel was studied for the extraction of Ag(I) from nitric acid media. The extraction from multicomponent systems containing Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Mn(II) in 100- and 1000-fold molar [...] Read more.
The ion-exchange behavior of an organomineral material with an imidazolium (1-methyl-3-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide)-modified silica gel was studied for the extraction of Ag(I) from nitric acid media. The extraction from multicomponent systems containing Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Mn(II) in 100- and 1000-fold molar excesses with respect to Ag(I) was shown to occur with high selectivity. Based on the data of X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy for samples of modified silica gel, a mixed ion exchange–adsorption mechanism for the extraction of Ag(I) was proposed. The effect of the phase contact time and the concentration of nitric acid on the distribution coefficient of Ag(I) was studied. The selectivity factors of the extraction of Ag(I) from multicomponent systems containing foreign cations in 100- and 1000-fold molar excesses under steady-state and dynamic concentration conditions were calculated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Cost Water Treatment - New Materials and New Approaches)
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12 pages, 5326 KiB  
Article
Novel Approaches for Biocorrosion Mitigation in Sewer Systems
by Georgios Fytianos, Dimitra Banti, Esmeralda Dushku, Efthimios Papastergiadis, Minas Yiangou and Petros Samaras
Chemistry 2021, 3(4), 1166-1177; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry3040085 - 9 Oct 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2600
Abstract
Concrete sewer pipes can be corroded by the biogenic sulfuric acid (H2SO4) generated from microbiological activities in a process called biocorrosion or microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC). In this study, inhibitors that can reduce Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans growth and thus may [...] Read more.
Concrete sewer pipes can be corroded by the biogenic sulfuric acid (H2SO4) generated from microbiological activities in a process called biocorrosion or microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC). In this study, inhibitors that can reduce Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans growth and thus may reduce the accumulation of biofilm components responsible for the biodegradation of concrete were used. D-tyrosine, tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate (THPS) and TiO2 nanoparticles were investigated as potential inhibitors of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) growth. Results showed that most of the chemicals used can inhibit SOB growth at a concentration lower than 100 mg/L. TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited the highest biocide effect and potential biocorrosion mitigation activity, followed by D-tyrosine and THPS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low-Cost Water Treatment - New Materials and New Approaches)
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