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Children
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New Research in Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging
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New Research in Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2023) | Viewed by 2261

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Daniela Longo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Interests: diagnostic imaging; neuroradiology; children
Dr. Chiara Carducci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
Interests: pediatric neuoradiology; fetal imaging
Dr. Giulia Lucignani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Interests: diagnostic imaging; neuroradiology; children

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advances in diagnostic imaging, in particular, the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) advanced imaging techniques such as spectroscopy (MRS), perfusion (PWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), arterial spin labelling (ASL), and functional MRI (fMRI), in a multidisciplinary clinical scenario, allow earlier and more detailed diagnosis in the pediatric population, as well as personalized therapeutic intervention. These advanced techniques proven to be useful from the fetal stage to older children.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an opportunity to share experiences of MRI as a useful tool for clinical daily practice, and to encourage research toward improving future diagnostic possibilities in the field of pediatric radiology. All types of research papers are welcome, such as original studies, review articles (single case reports without an associated detailed review of the literature will not be accepted), state-of-the-art methods, and diagnostic or therapeutic flowcharts.

Dr. Daniela Longo
Dr. Chiara Carducci
Guest Editors

Dr. Giulia Lucignani
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • research
  • pediatric
  • children
  • diagnostic imaging
  • advanced magnetic resonance imaging
  • perfusion
  • arterial spin labeling
  • diffusion tensor imaging

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2203 KiB  
Article
Predictive Value of MRI in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia
by Alessia Guarnera, Giulia Lucignani, Chiara Parrillo, Maria Camilla Rossi-Espagnet, Chiara Carducci, Giulia Moltoni, Immacolata Savarese, Francesca Campi, Andrea Dotta, Francesco Milo, Simona Cappelletti, Teresa Capitello Grimaldi, Carlo Gandolfo, Antonio Napolitano and Daniela Longo
Children 2023, 10(3), 446; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030446 - 25 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1904
Abstract
Background: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a severe pathology, and no unique predictive biomarker has been identified. Our aims are to identify associations of perinatal and outcome parameters with morphological anomalies and ADC values from MRI. The secondary aims are to define a predictive [...] Read more.
Background: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a severe pathology, and no unique predictive biomarker has been identified. Our aims are to identify associations of perinatal and outcome parameters with morphological anomalies and ADC values from MRI. The secondary aims are to define a predictive ADC threshold value and detect ADC value fluctuations between MRIs acquired within 7 days (MR0) and at 1 year (MR1) of birth in relation to perinatal and outcome parameters. Methods: Fifty-one term children affected by moderate HIE treated with hypothermia and undergoing MRI0 and MRI1 were recruited. Brain MRIs were evaluated through the van Rooij score, while ADC maps were co-registered on a standardized cerebral surface, on which 29 ROIs were drawn. Statistical analysis was performed in Matlab, with the statistical significance value at 0.05. Results: ADC0 < ADC1 in the left and right thalami, left and right frontal white matter, right visual cortex, and the left dentate nucleus of children showing abnormal perinatal and neurodevelopmental parameters. At ROC analysis, the best prognostic ADC cut-off value was 1.535 mm2/s × 10−6 (sensitivity 80%, specificity 86%) in the right frontal white matter. ADC1 > ADC0 in the right visual cortex and left dentate nucleus, positively correlated with multiple abnormal perinatal and neurodevelopmental parameters. The van Rooij score was significantly higher in children presenting with sleep disorders. Conclusions: ADC values could be used as prognostic biomarkers to predict children’s neurodevelopmental outcomes. Further studies are needed to address these crucial topics and validate our results. Early and multidisciplinary perinatal evaluation and the subsequent re-assessment of children are pivotal to identify physical and neuropsychological disorders to guarantee early and tailored therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research in Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging)
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9 pages, 1595 KiB  
Case Report
A New Pattern of Brain and Cord Gadolinium Enhancement in Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency: A Case Report
by Giulia Lucignani, Leonardo Vattermoli, Maria Camilla Rossi-Espagnet, Alessia Guarnera, Antonio Napolitano, Lorenzo Figà-Talamanca, Francesca Campi, Sara Ronci, Carlo Dionisi Vici, Diego Martinelli, Carlo Gandolfo and Daniela Longo
Children 2023, 10(6), 1072; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10061072 - 17 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1633
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is a rare and severe autosomal recessive in-born error of metabolism caused by the mutation in MOCS1, MOCS2, MOCS3 or GEPH genes, with an incidence ranging between 1 in 100,000 and 200,000 live births. The clinical presentation with seizures, [...] Read more.
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is a rare and severe autosomal recessive in-born error of metabolism caused by the mutation in MOCS1, MOCS2, MOCS3 or GEPH genes, with an incidence ranging between 1 in 100,000 and 200,000 live births. The clinical presentation with seizures, lethargy and neurologic deficits reflects the neurotoxicity mediated via sulphite accumulation, and it occurs within the first hours or days after birth, often leading to severe neurodegeneration and the patient’s death within days or months. The Imaging of Choice is a brain-specific MRI technique, which is usually performed without contrast and shows typical radiological findings in the early phase, such as diffuse cerebral oedema and infarction affecting the cortex and the basal ganglia and the white matter, as well as in the late phase, such as multicystic encephalomalacia. Our case report represents a novelty in the field, since the patient underwent a contrast-enhanced MRI to exclude a concomitant infectious disease. In the frame of the clinical presentation and laboratory data, we describe the MoCD Imaging findings for MRI morphological and advanced sequences, presenting a new contrast-enhanced MRI pattern characterized by the diffuse and linear leptomeningeal enhancement of brain, cord and spinal roots. The early identification of molybdenum cofactor deficiency is crucial because it may lead to the best multidisciplinary therapy for the patient, which is focused on the prompt and optimal management of the complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research in Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging)
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