Crystalline Nanocellulose

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Macromolecular Crystals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 February 2022) | Viewed by 5180

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
Interests: functional nanostructured materials; material characterization; photocatalysis; wastewater remediation; structural and solid-state characterization; cellulose nanocrystals
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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
Interests: cellulose nanocrystals synthesis; nanomaterials; silver nanoparticles; materials characterizations; organic dyes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are promising new functional bio-nanomaterials obtained by isolating cellulose crystallites from cellulosic sources such as plant cells, bacteria, animals (tunicate), algae, and some waste materials. Cellulose nanocrystals can be obtained via mechanical and/or chemical processes. They present forms resembling elongated rods or whiskers. Due to their unique characteristics such as high surface area, a high density of hydroxyl groups that allows facile functionalization, low toxicity, high colloidal stability, mechanical strength, and some optical properties, cellulose nanocrystals are promising materials that have potential application in several fields of activity. These applications span from paper, food, packaging, and the pharmaceutical industry to cultural heritage and water treatment processes. The great problem of environmental pollution tasks the scientific community with the development of new materials with low environmental impact that exhibit effective properties. Thanks to the possibility of chemical functionalization, cellulose nanoparticles can be an effective substrate for the synthesis of new functional nanostructured materials for a diverse range of applications.

Some of the topics to be covered by this Special Issue may include, but are not limited to:

  • Types of nanocrystalline cellulose.
  • Nanocrystalline cellulose functionalization.
  • Characterization of cellulose nanocrystals.
  • Utilization of cellulose nanocrystals in pharmaceutical.
  • Application of cellulose nanocrystals in paper industry.
  • CNC treatments for cultural heritage materials.
  • Nanocellulose-based composites.
  • Sequestration of organic and inorganic contaminants from water.

Prof. Dr. Claudia Graiff
Dr. Marianna Potenza
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Cellulose nanocrystals
  • Renewable materials
  • Functionalization
  • Nanocomposites
  • Iridescent films

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 3381 KiB  
Article
Green Extraction of Cellulose Nanocrystals of Polymorph II from Cynara scolymus L.: Challenge for a “Zero Waste” Economy
by Marianna Potenza, Laura Bergamonti, Pier Paolo Lottici, Lara Righi, Laura Lazzarini and Claudia Graiff
Crystals 2022, 12(5), 672; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050672 - 07 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1833
Abstract
The increase of agri-food wastes by agriculture and industries is one of the main causes of environmental pollution. Here we propose the recycling of Cynara scolymus L. wastes to obtain polymorph II cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). Two different extraction procedures are compared: (i) Soxhlet [...] Read more.
The increase of agri-food wastes by agriculture and industries is one of the main causes of environmental pollution. Here we propose the recycling of Cynara scolymus L. wastes to obtain polymorph II cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). Two different extraction procedures are compared: (i) Soxhlet extraction in an ethanol/toluene mixture, and (ii) water boiling of the agricultural waste. Both procedures were followed by purification of cellulose fibers through bleaching treatments and extraction of cellulose nanocrystals by acid hydrolysis. CNCs have been extensively characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, electrophoretic light scattering measurements, X-ray powder diffraction methods, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses. Extracted CNC are rod-like-shaped polymorph IIs with a good crystallinity index, and they are characterized by high hydrogen bonding intensity. The ELS measurements on samples from both procedures show good results regarding the stability of the CNC II sol (ζ < −40 ± 5 mV), comparable to that of the CNC polymorph I. Both polymorph II CNCs show better thermal stability, compared to CNC I. The results show that the easy extraction procedure from agricultural Cynara scolymus L. waste can be used to produce high-quality cellulose nanocrystals as a green alternative to the commonly used synthetic route. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystalline Nanocellulose)
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9 pages, 1231 KiB  
Article
Nanocellulose Bulk Material Prepared by Steam Treatment and Hot Press Molding: Material Processing and Machining Test
by Jung-Woong Kim, Hyun-Chan Kim, Lindong Zhai, Dickens Owino Agumba and Jaehwan Kim
Crystals 2021, 11(8), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080853 - 22 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2026
Abstract
Nanocellulose (NC) has been spotlighted as a new building block of future materials since it has many advantages, such as being lightweight and environment-friendly and having high mechanical properties and heat resistance. However, the use of NC requires an upscale manufacturing process to [...] Read more.
Nanocellulose (NC) has been spotlighted as a new building block of future materials since it has many advantages, such as being lightweight and environment-friendly and having high mechanical properties and heat resistance. However, the use of NC requires an upscale manufacturing process to maintain its advantageous properties. Herein, the process of assembling NC into a macro-scale bulk material was developed through a combination of steam treatment and hot press molding. The steam treatment was applied to an NC paste to energize the hydroxyl groups in the cellulose, followed by two stages of hot press molding, which helped in the self-assembly of NC without adhesives. Cellulose nanocrystals were used as the NC, and circular disk shape specimens were prepared. The mechanical properties of the prepared bulk material were higher than typical engineering plastics. In addition, an end mill machining test of the NC bulk material showed its machinability. This paper showed the processing feasibility of NC bulk material, which can substitute plastics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystalline Nanocellulose)
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