Computational Studies in Analysis and Prediction of Protein Properties

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomolecular Crystals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 10860

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
RWTH Aachen Univeristy
Interests: computational protein design and modeling; biomolecular simulations; computational photobiology; structural biochemistry and bioinformatics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Proteins are macromolecules essential for biological life. They play many critical roles in countless biological processes, for instance, they are involved in DNA replication, catalysis and regulation of biochemical reactions and networks, metabolic pathways, active transport of molecules, signaling process, the photosynthetic conversion of light in plants, and so on. Protein function and properties can be understood in terms of its three-dimensional structure. Establishing a protein structure–function relationship is crucial for understanding its biological function. Experimental techniques (e.g., X-Ray, NMR, SAXS, and Cryo-EM) have been employed for protein structure prediction in solution and crystal state and to understand the mechanisms defining the function of proteins; however, the determination of the structure and dynamics of large protein complexes and other biomolecular assemblies remains a major challenge in structural biology and biochemistry. In addition, no single technique—experimental or computational—can capture all the relevant scales of cellular function. Computational structural biology has made enormous progress over the last three decades. These methods include molecular modeling and refinement of 3D structures, de novo design of proteins, protein folding and stability, macromolecular function and protein design and prediction of macromolecular interactions, modeling of protein–protein and ligand interactions, at varying spatial resolutions and timescales. In addition, computational methods have also tackled computational challenges related to experimental techniques in structural biology or biochemistry and computational design of a protein crystal. Parallel to the massive application of experimental techniques to the determination of protein interaction networks and protein complexes, there is also increasing interest in developing computational methods based on sequence and genomic information. We expect that, in the future, more integrative methods and tools for protein structure prediction, interaction, and network analysis will be developed, along with methodological development to utilize the available experimental data using machine-learning methods.

The Guest Editor looks forward to collecting a set of recent advances in related topics, to provide a platform for researchers, and bridge the gap between computational researchers and experimental researchers. We are seeking contributions from the computational and structural biology, biochemistry, bioinformatics, and biophysics communities, in the form of either original articles or review articles, covering, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Protein structure prediction
  • Protein interactions
  • Protein–ligand interactions
  • Protein–carbohydrate interactions
  • Protein–protein interactions
  • Protein stability and folding
  • Protein–carbohydrate interactions
  • Protein–DNA interactions
  • Protein aggregation
  • Protein design

Dr. Mehdi Davari
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Structural biology, biochemistry, and bioinformatics
  • protein structure prediction
  • Protein interactions
  • Protein aggregation
  • Protein design
  • Structure-function relationship
  • Protein modeling
  • computational structural biology
  • Macromolecular structure and function

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2339 KiB  
Article
Microtubules as One-Dimensional Crystals: Is Crystal-Like Structure the Key to the Information Processing of Living Systems?
by Noemí Sanchez-Castro, Martha Alicia Palomino-Ovando, Pushpendra Singh, Satyajit Sahu, Miller Toledo-Solano, Jocelyn Faubert, J. Eduardo Lugo, Anirban Bandyopadhyay and Kanad Ray
Crystals 2021, 11(3), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030318 - 23 Mar 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3253
Abstract
Each tubulin protein molecule on the cylindrical surface of a microtubule, a fundamental element of the cytoskeleton, acts as a unit cell of a crystal sensor. Electromagnetic sensing enables the 2D surface of microtubule to act as a crystal or a collective electromagnetic [...] Read more.
Each tubulin protein molecule on the cylindrical surface of a microtubule, a fundamental element of the cytoskeleton, acts as a unit cell of a crystal sensor. Electromagnetic sensing enables the 2D surface of microtubule to act as a crystal or a collective electromagnetic signal processing system. We propose a model in which each tubulin dimer acts as the period of a one-dimensional crystal with effective electrical impedance related to its molecular structure. Based on the mathematical crystal theory with one-dimensional translational symmetry, we simulated the electrical transport properties of the signal across the microtubule length and compared it to our single microtubule experimental results. The agreement between theory and experiment suggests that one of the most essential components of any Eukaryotic cell acts as a one-dimensional crystal. Full article
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24 pages, 8378 KiB  
Article
Molecular Mechanism Study on Stereo-Selectivity of α or β Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases
by Miaomiao Gao, Kaili Nie, Meng Qin, Haijun Xu, Fang Wang and Luo Liu
Crystals 2021, 11(3), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030224 - 25 Feb 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3149
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) are from two superfamilies of short-chain dehydrogenase (SDR) and aldo–keto reductase (AKR). The HSDHs were summarized and classified according to their structural and functional differences. A typical pair of enzymes, 7α–hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α–HSDH) and 7β–hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7β–HSDH), have been reported [...] Read more.
Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) are from two superfamilies of short-chain dehydrogenase (SDR) and aldo–keto reductase (AKR). The HSDHs were summarized and classified according to their structural and functional differences. A typical pair of enzymes, 7α–hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α–HSDH) and 7β–hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7β–HSDH), have been reported before. Molecular docking of 7-keto–lithocholic acid(7–KLA) to the binary of 7β–HSDH and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) was realized via YASARA, and a possible binding model of 7β–HSDH and 7–KLA was obtained. The α side of 7–KLA towards NADP+ in 7β–HSDH, while the β side of 7–KLA towards nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in 7α–HSDH, made the orientations of C7–OH different in products. The interaction between Ser193 and pyrophosphate of NAD(P)+ [Ser193–OG⋯3.11Å⋯O1N–PN] caused the upturning of PN–phosphate group, which formed a barrier with the side chain of His95 to make 7–KLA only able to bind to 7β–HSDH with α side towards nicotinamide of NADP+. A possible interaction of Tyr253 and C24 of 7–KLA may contribute to the formation of substrate binding orientation in 7β–HSDH. The results of sequence alignment showed the conservation of His95, Ser193, and Tyr253 in 7β–HSDHs, exhibiting a significant difference to 7α–HSDHs. The molecular docking of other two enzymes, 17β–HSDH from the SDR superfamily and 3(17)α–HSDH from the AKR superfamily, has furtherly verified that the stereospecificity of HSDHs was related to the substrate binding orientation. Full article
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Review

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16 pages, 602 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in the Prediction of Protein Structural Classes: Feature Descriptors and Machine Learning Algorithms
by Lin Zhu, Mehdi D. Davari and Wenjin Li
Crystals 2021, 11(4), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040324 - 24 Mar 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3920
Abstract
In the postgenomic age, rapid growth in the number of sequence-known proteins has been accompanied by much slower growth in the number of structure-known proteins (as a result of experimental limitations), and a widening gap between the two is evident. Because protein function [...] Read more.
In the postgenomic age, rapid growth in the number of sequence-known proteins has been accompanied by much slower growth in the number of structure-known proteins (as a result of experimental limitations), and a widening gap between the two is evident. Because protein function is linked to protein structure, successful prediction of protein structure is of significant importance in protein function identification. Foreknowledge of protein structural class can help improve protein structure prediction with significant medical and pharmaceutical implications. Thus, a fast, suitable, reliable, and reasonable computational method for protein structural class prediction has become pivotal in bioinformatics. Here, we review recent efforts in protein structural class prediction from protein sequence, with particular attention paid to new feature descriptors, which extract information from protein sequence, and the use of machine learning algorithms in both feature selection and the construction of new classification models. These new feature descriptors include amino acid composition, sequence order, physicochemical properties, multiprofile Bayes, and secondary structure-based features. Machine learning methods, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest, deep learning, and examples of their application are discussed in detail. We also present our view on possible future directions, challenges, and opportunities for the applications of machine learning algorithms for prediction of protein structural classes. Full article
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