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Crystals
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Preparation and Properties of Aluminum Alloy Materials
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Preparation and Properties of Aluminum Alloy Materials

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2022) | Viewed by 14351

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xiangjie Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Interests: research on the preparation technology for high-quality aluminum alloy materials; equipment and process development for the preparation of aluminum alloy materials; microstructure and performance control of aluminum alloy materials
Dr. Lingfei Cao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Interests: precipitation in aluminum alloys and material characterization at multiple dimensions and scales

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The combination of the low density, good corrosion resistance, strength and formability of aluminum alloys makes them attractive to automotive and aircraft manufacturers.  Research has shown that lightweight vehicles can improve vehicle power, reduce fuel consumption, and reduce exhaust emissions and air pollution while ensuring vehicle strength and safety performance. For every 10% reduction in vehicle weight, fuel consumption can be reduced by 6%–8%, and exhaust emissions can be reduced by 5%–6%. The main goal of modern aircraft manufacturing is to reduce manufacturing costs and operating expenses. Compared with steel materials for automobiles, aluminum alloys absorb 50% more energy than steel during a crash. Aluminum alloys are green and environmentally friendly materials that can be recycled. They are very important and one of the best materials for the lightweight design of automobiles.

In recent decades, global environmental protection has required the automotive industry to increase fuel efficiency and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This has promoted research into the application of lightweight materials instead of traditional steel materials. These are currently hot and timely topics. Therefore, considering the safety of vehicles, it is necessary to carry out systematic research on the component design, forming process and performance control of aluminum alloy materials in terms of replacing steel with aluminum alloys. The present Special Issue on the “Preparation and Properties of Aluminum Alloy Materials” will showcase status reports summarizing the progress achieved in the last five years.

It is our pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript to this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Dr. Xiangjie Wang
Dr. Lingfei Cao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aluminum alloy
  • lightweight
  • microstructure
  • properties
  • material design for al alloys and composites
  • manufacturing process

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 8982 KiB  
Article
Study of Thermal Compression Constitutive Relation for 5182-Sc-Zr Alloy Based on Arrhenius-Type and ANN Model
by Jingxiao Li, Xiaofang Yang, Yulong Zhu, Yongfa Zhang, Youcai Qiu and Robert Edward Sanders, Jr.
Crystals 2022, 12(5), 611; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050611 - 26 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1586
Abstract
Hot compression experiments were performed on alloy 5182 with small additions of Sc and Zr. The 5182 alloy containing Sc and Zr is critical for expanding the 5182 alloy’s range of applications, and a thorough understanding of its thermal processing behavior is of [...] Read more.
Hot compression experiments were performed on alloy 5182 with small additions of Sc and Zr. The 5182 alloy containing Sc and Zr is critical for expanding the 5182 alloy’s range of applications, and a thorough understanding of its thermal processing behavior is of great importance to avoid processing defects. Alloy microstructure, including grain structures and Al3(ScxZr1−x) dispersoids were analyzed by EBSD and TEM. Stable flow stresses were observed below a strain rate of 1 s−1 for the Sc-Zr containing alloy. The results of constitutive models, with and without strain−compensation, and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to compare to the experimental results. The Al3(ScxZr1−x) dispersoid data was introduced into the ANN model as a nonlinear influence factor. Addition of the Al3(ScxZr1−x) dispersoid information as input data improved the accuracy and practicality of the artificial neural network in predicting the deformation behavior of the alloy. The squared correlation coefficients of ANN prediction data reached 0.99. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Properties of Aluminum Alloy Materials)
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13 pages, 3389 KiB  
Article
Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behavior of Al-7.0Si-0.3Mg Alloy at Low Temperature
by Guanghui Ma, Mengmeng Yang, Zhe Geng, Yunpeng Ding, Hai Liu and Yujing Jin
Crystals 2022, 12(4), 563; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12040563 - 17 Apr 2022
Viewed by 1564
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of the Al-7.0Si-0.3Mg alloy at 20–60 °C under different heat treatment processes, the tensile mechanical properties of Al-7.0Si-0.3Mg at low temperature after heat treatment were explored. The microstructure of Al-7.0Si-0.3Mg [...] Read more.
In order to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of the Al-7.0Si-0.3Mg alloy at 20–60 °C under different heat treatment processes, the tensile mechanical properties of Al-7.0Si-0.3Mg at low temperature after heat treatment were explored. The microstructure of Al-7.0Si-0.3Mg was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the resistance of the dislocation movement in α-Al increased in the low-temperature condition, which is beneficial for the number of Si phase fractures that increase to enhance the tensile strength and weaken the elongation of the Al-7.0Si-0.3Mg alloy. After the solution treatment, the particle size of the Si phase reduced, while the morphology became rounded. In the early stage of aging, a GP region is generated inside the α-Al. With the prolonging of aging time, the acicular β″ phase is formed and then grows into rod-shaped β′. In the overaging stage, β′ eventually grows into flaky β. Due to the different linear expansion coefficients of the α-Al and the Mg2Si phase in the Al-7.0Si-0.3Mg alloy, the α-Al is squeezed by the Mg2Si phase under the effect of low-temperature shrinkage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Properties of Aluminum Alloy Materials)
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16 pages, 6711 KiB  
Article
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Calculation of High Strength Aluminum-Lithium Alloy
by Jinsan Wang and Xiang Xiao
Crystals 2022, 12(4), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12040472 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1890
Abstract
High strength Al-Li alloy is the research focus of aluminum alloy. In the present paper, high strength Al-Li alloy 2A97 composed of Al-Li-Cu-Zn-Mg-Mn-Zr system is studied by thermodynamic and kinetic calculation. The equilibrium phase diagram and the metastable phases of 2A97 were calculated [...] Read more.
High strength Al-Li alloy is the research focus of aluminum alloy. In the present paper, high strength Al-Li alloy 2A97 composed of Al-Li-Cu-Zn-Mg-Mn-Zr system is studied by thermodynamic and kinetic calculation. The equilibrium phase diagram and the metastable phases of 2A97 were calculated by thermodynamic method. The solidification phase diagram of 2A97 was obtained using the Scheil–Gulliver model. The continuous cooling transformation diagram and isothermal aging curves were calculated using the kinetic method. In addition, the 2A97 microstructures of cast, homogenized, hot-rolled, and solid solution were observed by a scanning electron microscope. The results can be used for the process optimization and microstructure control of 2A97. In particular, the research results of this work can be used for the determination of the homogenization temperature and solid-solution temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Properties of Aluminum Alloy Materials)
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15 pages, 9796 KiB  
Article
Effects of Gradient Hot Rolled Deformation on Texture Evolution and Properties of 1561 Aluminum Alloy
by Lingfei Yang, Xiangjie Wang, Fang Yu, Wei Sun, Lei Li and Jianzhong Cui
Crystals 2022, 12(2), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12020229 - 7 Feb 2022
Viewed by 1707
Abstract
Through gradient hot rolling, a transition zone from the initial undeformed to 30% deformed microstructure was obtained in the 6 mm thick 1561 aluminum alloy hot rolled plate. The effect of gradient deformation on the evolution process of structure and texture characteristics to [...] Read more.
Through gradient hot rolling, a transition zone from the initial undeformed to 30% deformed microstructure was obtained in the 6 mm thick 1561 aluminum alloy hot rolled plate. The effect of gradient deformation on the evolution process of structure and texture characteristics to 1561 aluminum alloy were systematically investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), optical microscope (OM), and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) in this paper. The results showed that after gradient hot rolling, the grains were elongated along the rolled direction, and the average grain size decreased from 18.95 μm to 1.19 μm. After annealing, the average grain size decreased from 28.34 μm to 10.69 μm. The fraction of dynamic recrystallization is low in all cases. With the increase in gradient deformation, the fraction of the deformed texture (110) <100> Goss, (110) <112 > Brass and fiber texture increased under the action of shear strain, the hardness value of annealed 1561 aluminum alloy ranged from 83.8 HV up to as high as 104 HV, and the electrical conductivity (EC) value increased from 23.5% IACS to 24.3% IACS. Significantly, with the increment of the deformation, the dislocation density increases 2.4 × 1013 m−2 of the annealed hot rolled plates, which should be responsible for the hardness increase. While the structure of the alloy becomes more orderly, the EC increases. Work hardening, fine-grain strengthening and texture all influence the mechanical properties of the gradient hot rolled 1561 aluminum alloy plate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Properties of Aluminum Alloy Materials)
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11 pages, 15119 KiB  
Article
Thermodynamic, Kinetic and Strength Calculation of High Zinc Containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys
by Jinsan Wang and Xiang Xiao
Crystals 2022, 12(2), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12020181 - 26 Jan 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2367
Abstract
High zinc containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu is the research focus of ultra-high strength aluminum alloy. In the present paper, the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu multi-component system is studied when the content of Zn is 10.5 wt.%, 11 wt.% and 12 wt.%, respectively. The vertical sections of phase diagrams [...] Read more.
High zinc containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu is the research focus of ultra-high strength aluminum alloy. In the present paper, the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu multi-component system is studied when the content of Zn is 10.5 wt.%, 11 wt.% and 12 wt.%, respectively. The vertical sections of phase diagrams are calculated by the thermodynamic method. The precipitation parameters of the η’ phase, including the density of precipitate, precipitate radius and volume fraction, are obtained by using the methods of kinetic calculations. The yield strength of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with different content of Zn is calculated by an empirical model containing a chemical element and a microstructure parameter. The calculated results of yield strength are verified by experimental data and provide primary guidance to developing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu ultra-high strength aluminum alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Properties of Aluminum Alloy Materials)
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10 pages, 8358 KiB  
Article
Excellent Double-Aging Strengthening Effect with the High Density γ’ Phase of 945A Nickel-Based Alloy
by Haiding Liu, Dongzhe Wang, Lingping Zhou, Jia She, Peng Peng, Qubo He and Wei Wu
Crystals 2022, 12(2), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12020175 - 26 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1857
Abstract
The double-aging strengthening effect of the γ’ phase in 945A nickel-based alloy was investigated. The double-aging treatment significantly improved the compressive yield stress. The sample after 8 h aging at 725 °C and 96 h at 800 °C exhibited the highest compressive yield [...] Read more.
The double-aging strengthening effect of the γ’ phase in 945A nickel-based alloy was investigated. The double-aging treatment significantly improved the compressive yield stress. The sample after 8 h aging at 725 °C and 96 h at 800 °C exhibited the highest compressive yield stress of 1007 MPa, which greatly exceeded the original state of 229 MPa. The strengthening mechanism is mainly attributed to the Orowan strengthening mechanism. After double-aging treatment, high density γ’ phase precipitate was formed, which effectively improves the strength. The precipitate behavior and the strengthening mechanism of γ’ phase precipitates were clarified in detail. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Properties of Aluminum Alloy Materials)
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12 pages, 9071 KiB  
Article
Influence of Cold Rolled Deformation Degree and Heating Rates on Crystallite Dimension and Recrystallization Fraction of Aluminum Plates
by Yunlei Wang, Liping Ren, Jingren Dong and Chuanchuan Cao
Crystals 2021, 11(11), 1428; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11111428 - 21 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2275
Abstract
In order to study the microstructure evolution rule of pure aluminum plates during different cold-rolled (CR) deformation degrees and annealing processes, samples with aCR deformation of 50~85%, heating rates of 60~100 °C/min and annealing at the target temperature of 350~500 °C were investigated. [...] Read more.
In order to study the microstructure evolution rule of pure aluminum plates during different cold-rolled (CR) deformation degrees and annealing processes, samples with aCR deformation of 50~85%, heating rates of 60~100 °C/min and annealing at the target temperature of 350~500 °C were investigated. The microstructure, crystallite dimension and grain boundary characteristics were characterized by the methods of polarizing microscope (PM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The results showed that the crystallite dimension of the initial state was 102 μm and ends up completely broken with an increase in the CR deformation degree. When the CR deformation increases to 85%, the deformed micro-bands were very small, with a band spacing of 5~10 μm. At this time, the grain distortion is more serious, there are more high-density grain defects, such as dislocations, and there is a high deformation of the storage energy, which is the energy preparation for the subsequent finished products to withstand the annealing process. The recrystallization fraction was higher with an increase in annealing temperature. After completed recrystallization, the grains showed an equiaxed shape. Orientation imaging and misorientation angle analysis showed that the red-oriented grains of the (001) plane, which had preferred nucleation, recrystallization and rapid grain growth. Final grains of the completed recrystallization are relatively coarse. Under the same deformation, the average crystallite dimension of the recrystallized grains decreases with an increase in annealing heating rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Properties of Aluminum Alloy Materials)
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