Crystals

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhenguo Gao

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Interests: crystal engineering; process analytical technology; process intensification; continuous manufacturing; melt crystallization

Prof. Dr. Sohrab Rohani

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Guest Editor

Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario (UWO), London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
Interests: crystal engineering; crystallization process monitoring and control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Junbo Gong

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Guest Editor

The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Interests: crystal engineering; MOFs; crystallization process design; continuous manufacturing

Dr. Huaiyu Yang

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Guest Editor

Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TT, UK
Interests: biopharmaceuticals crystallization; downstream manufacturing; crystallisation of small organic molecules; interface phenomena; nanotechnologies; stable and unstable phase diagrams
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Crystallization, as a traditional separation approach, is widely applied in crystal products refining and purification, especially in the food and pharmaceutical industry. On the one hand, crystallization can achieve high purity product preparation, which can also realise low energy- and cost-consumption compared with distillation and evaporation. On the other hand, crystallization provides a potential landscape in crystal product refinings, such as polymorph preparation, crystal shape control, and co-crystallization formation. Crystallization has been widely applied in properties of crystal product enhancement, e.g., changing the dissolution rate and stability.

We invite researchers to contribute to the Special Issue on crystallization process design and control, which is intended to serve as a unique multidisciplinary forum covering broad aspects of science, technology, and the application of crystallization.

Potential topics include but are not limited to:

- Novel crystal polymorph exploration

- Crystal-shape control

- Co-crystallization formation

- Crystallization process optimisation and parameter evaluations

- Designs and applications of novel crystallisers

- Applications of separation and purification technology via crystallization in various systems

- Exploitation of the remarkable properties of crystallization in various existent and emerging applications

Dr. Zhenguo Gao
Prof. Dr. Sohrab Rohani
Prof. Dr. Junbo Gong
Dr. Huaiyu Yang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Process analytical technology
Continuous crystallization
Process intensification
Process robustness
Process design and control
Crystal engineering

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 4421 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding the Reaction Crystallization Process of Glycidyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride

by Shuai Yu, Hui Chen, Xujie Gao, Weichun Feng, Wenguo Xing, Shichao Du, Yan Wang, Fumin Xue and Yan Cheng

Crystals 2021, 11(4), 449; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040449 - 20 Apr 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2190

Abstract

Reaction crystallization to produce glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (GTA) via epichlorohydrin with gas-state trimethylamine was investigated. The crystallization process of the GTA gas-liquid reaction was optimized by a seed method. The optimized technology can prepare GTA products with crystal form and purity greater than 97%. The crystallization process of GTA consists of four steps (i.e., addition of seed, dispersion of seed, growth of crystals on the seed surfaces, agglomeration and growth of crystal). Seed method and flow rate are the key factors affecting purity. The purity and particle size of GTA crystals were satisfactory as long as the operation was kept within the defined envelope. The experiments were conducted on a 1 L reactor and successfully scaled-up to 3000 L in industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallization Process Design and Control: Intensification and Optimization)

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Review

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27 pages, 5719 KiB

Open AccessReview

Application of PAT-Based Feedback Control Approaches in Pharmaceutical Crystallization

by Ye Gao, Teng Zhang, Yiming Ma, Fumin Xue, Zhenguo Gao, Baohong Hou and Junbo Gong

Crystals 2021, 11(3), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030221 - 24 Feb 2021

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5164

Abstract

Crystallization is one of the important unit operations for the separation and purification of solid products in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and pesticide industries, especially for realizing high-end, high-value solid products. The precise control of the solution crystallization process determines the polymorph, crystal shape, size, and size distribution of the crystal product, which is of great significance to improve product quality and production efficiency. In order to develop the crystallization process in a scientific method that is based on process parameters and data, process analysis technology (PAT) has become an important enabling platform. In this paper, we review the development of PAT in the field of crystallization in recent years. Based on the current research status of drug crystallization process control, the monitoring methods and control strategies of feedback control in the crystallization process were systematically summarized. The focus is on the application of model-free feedback control strategies based on the solution and solid information collected by various online monitoring equipment in product engineering, including improving particle size distribution, achieving polymorphic control, and improving purity. In this paper, the challenges of feedback control strategy in the crystallization process are also discussed, and the development trend of the feedback control strategy has been prospected. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallization Process Design and Control: Intensification and Optimization)

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