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Diagnostics
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Latest Research on Molecular Imaging for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis
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Latest Research on Molecular Imaging for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 3334

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Luca Filippi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Oncohaematology, Fondazione PTV Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital, Viale Oxfors 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: FDG PET/CT; oncology; therapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Molecular imaging (MI), defined as the ability to characterize and gauge molecular processes at a cellular and molecular level, has been gaining a central role in many oncological pathways of diagnosis and care. Due to its strong multidisciplinary nature, encompassing different branches of the “imaging sciences” (nuclear medicine, radiology, optical imaging, etc.), MI is strongly correlated with the concept of personalized medicine, a new approach based on the principle that each individual has unique biological characteristics. In this perspective, MI offers the opportunity to identify specific tumor-associated biomarkers suitable for patients’ stratification before molecularly targeted therapies and for the assessment of response. For example, the identification of a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) by PET/CT represents an essential step in patients with advanced prostate cancer before the enrollment for PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapies with beta- or alpha-emitters. In this perspective, the emerging discipline of “radiomics”, aimed at extracting data from medical images undetectable to the naked eye but with potentially relevant clinical usefulness, represents a still little-explored field of research.

In this Special Issue, we solicit original contributions (reviews, original articles, etc.) focusing on the role of molecular imaging (PET, MRI, SPECT, optical imaging, radiomics) in oncology.

Dr. Luca Filippi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nuclear medicine
  • molecular imaging
  • PET
  • MRI
  • SPECT
  • optical imaging
  • radiomics

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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12 pages, 5257 KiB  
Article
The Radiogenomic Landscape of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Insights into Lipid Metabolism through Evaluation of ADFP Expression
by Federico Greco, Andrea Panunzio, Caterina Bernetti, Alessandro Tafuri, Bruno Beomonte Zobel and Carlo Augusto Mallio
Diagnostics 2024, 14(15), 1667; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14151667 - 1 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 818
Abstract
This study aims to explore the relationship between radiological imaging and genomic characteristics in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), focusing on the expression of adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP) detected through computed tomography (CT). The goal is to establish a radiogenomic lipid profile [...] Read more.
This study aims to explore the relationship between radiological imaging and genomic characteristics in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), focusing on the expression of adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP) detected through computed tomography (CT). The goal is to establish a radiogenomic lipid profile and understand its association with tumor characteristics. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) were utilized to correlate imaging features with adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP) expression in ccRCC. CT scans assessed various tumor features, including size, composition, margin, necrosis, and growth pattern, alongside measurements of tumoral Hounsfield units (HU) and abdominal adipose tissue compartments. Statistical analyses compared demographics, clinical–pathological features, adipose tissue quantification, and tumoral HU between groups. Among 197 patients, 22.8% exhibited ADFP expression significantly associated with hydronephrosis. Low-grade ccRCC patients expressing ADFP had higher quantities of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and lower tumoral HU values compared to their high-grade counterparts. Similar trends were observed in low-grade ccRCC patients without ADFP expression. ADFP expression in ccRCC correlates with specific imaging features such as hydronephrosis and altered adipose tissue distribution. Low-grade ccRCC patients with ADFP expression display a distinct lipid metabolic profile, emphasizing the relationship between radiological features, genomic expression, and tumor metabolism. These findings suggest potential for personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting tumor lipid metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Research on Molecular Imaging for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis)
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19 pages, 5971 KiB  
Case Report
Cutaneous Metastasis of Rectal Cancer as a Diagnostic Challenge: A Clinical Case and Literature Review
by Ekaterina Zelenova, Tatiana Belysheva, Denis Sofronov, Vera Semenova, Galimat Radjabova, Yana Vishnevskaya, Irina Kletskaya, Elena Sharapova, Ivan Karasev, Denis Romanov, Malika Denieva, Nikolay Petrochenko, Timur Valiev and Tatiana Nasedkina
Diagnostics 2024, 14(21), 2420; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14212420 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 248
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Metastatic colorectal cancer remains a fatal disease, with a 5-year survival rate lower than 15%. The most common metastatic sites are the lungs and the liver, while skin metastases are very rare and often indicate a poor prognosis with a lower survival [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Metastatic colorectal cancer remains a fatal disease, with a 5-year survival rate lower than 15%. The most common metastatic sites are the lungs and the liver, while skin metastases are very rare and often indicate a poor prognosis with a lower survival rate. Methods. Herein, we present the clinical case of a 62-year-old female patient with rectal cancer metastases to the skin of the anogenital and abdominal regions, diagnosed 2 years after completion of treatment of the underlying disease. Results: Histological examination of the skin lesions revealed adenocarcinoma, and expression of the same immunohistochemical markers was also found in the primary tumor and in the cutaneous metastases. However, next-generation sequencing demonstrated differences in the mutational profiles of the primary tumor and metastasis to the skin. Somatic mutations in the APC, TP53, and PTPN11 genes were revealed in primary rectal adenocarcinoma, but another pathogenic TP53 mutation and a frameshift variant in the DYNC1I1 gene were found in cutaneous metastases. The patient underwent several courses of FOLFOX6 chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab, but the treatment was unsuccessful. An analysis of 50 clinical cases from the literature concerning various manifestations of cutaneous metastases of rectal cancer showed a median survival of 8.5 months from the time of detection of the skin lesions. Conclusions: In this regard, careful skin examination of patients with rectal cancer and timely detection of cutaneous metastases are essential steps in the follow-up of patients who have undergone treatment of the primary tumor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Research on Molecular Imaging for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis)
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12 pages, 1248 KiB  
Systematic Review
[18F]-FDHT PET for the Imaging of Androgen Receptor in Prostate and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
by Luca Filippi, Luca Urso, Orazio Schillaci and Laura Evangelista
Diagnostics 2023, 13(15), 2613; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152613 - 7 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1680
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone ([18F]-FDHT) for the in vivo imaging of androgen receptors (AR) through positron emission tomography (PET) in metastatic breast (mBC) and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer [...] Read more.
The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone ([18F]-FDHT) for the in vivo imaging of androgen receptors (AR) through positron emission tomography (PET) in metastatic breast (mBC) and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Relevant studies published from 2013 up to May 2023 were selected by searching Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science. The selected imaging studies were analyzed using a modified version of the critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Eleven studies encompassing 321 patients were selected. Seven of the eleven selected papers included 266 subjects (82.2%) affected by mCRPC, while four encompassed 55 (17.2%) patients affected by mBC. [18F]-FDHT PET showed a satisfying test/retest reproducibility, and when compared to a histochemical analysis, it provided encouraging results for in vivo AR quantification both in mCRPC and mBC. [18F]-FDHT PET had a prognostic relevance in mCRPC patients submitted to AR-targeted therapy, while a clear association between [18F]-FDHT uptake and the bicalutamide response was not observed in women affected by AR-positive mBC. Further studies are needed to better define the role of [18F]-FDHT PET, alone or in combination with other tracers (i.e., [18F]-FDG/[18F]-FES), for patients’ selection and monitoring during AR-targeted therapy, especially in the case of mBC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Research on Molecular Imaging for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis)
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