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Diagnostics
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Diagnosis of Spleen Disorders
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Diagnosis of Spleen Disorders

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 4038

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Michele De Rosa

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Guest Editor
Department of General and Robotic Surgery, “San Giovanni Battista” Hospital, USL Umbria 2, 06034 Foligno, Italy
Interests: general and robotic surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The spleen is a small fist-sized organ that lies behind the stomach on the left side of the abdomen, participating mainly in hematologic and immune homeostasis. It filters the blood, removing old and damaged blood cells, and, being the largest lymphatic organ, provides active immune response through humoral and cell-mediated pathways.

A number of diseases and infections may affect this organ, and a careful differential diagnosis is essential to determining the underlying causes of spleen disorders. Hemolytic diseases, infections, and cancers can cause the spleen to enlarge. Regardless of organ size, hypersplenism is a condition in which the spleen is overactive and the normal process of destruction of cellular blood elements is exaggerated because of reticuloendothelial hyperplasia.

If splenomegaly occurs, it can usually be detected during a physical examination. Additionally, blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT, and MRI scan can be administered to confirm diagnosis.

This Special Issue welcomes contributions covering the current aspects of diagnosis of spleen disorders. Submissions may include articles of current original research, new experimental methodology, and/or review articles summarizing the current state of the art for clinical diagnosis of spleen disorders that clinicians, pathologists, and basic science investigators may find informative.

Prof. Dr. Michele De Rosa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • splenomegaly
  • hypersplenism
  • splenic rupture
  • physical examination
  • blood tests
  • ultrasound
  • computed tomography (CT) scan
  • bone marrow biopsy
  • other tests to check for underlying disorders

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

20 pages, 2028 KiB  
Review
The Role of the Spleen and the Place of Splenectomy in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia—A Review of Current Knowledge
by Zorica Cvetković, Nikola Pantić, Mirjana Cvetković, Marijana Virijević, Nikica Sabljić, Gligorije Marinković, Vladimir Milosavljević, Zlatko Pravdić, Nada Suvajdžić-Vuković and Mirjana Mitrović
Diagnostics 2023, 13(18), 2891; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13182891 - 9 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1922
Abstract
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare, very heterogeneous, and sometimes life-threatening acquired hematologic disease characterized by increased red blood cell (RBC) destruction by autoantibodies (autoAbs), either with or without complement involvement. Recent studies have shown that the involvement of T- and B-cell [...] Read more.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare, very heterogeneous, and sometimes life-threatening acquired hematologic disease characterized by increased red blood cell (RBC) destruction by autoantibodies (autoAbs), either with or without complement involvement. Recent studies have shown that the involvement of T- and B-cell dysregulation and an imbalance of T-helper 2 (Th2) and Th17 phenotypes play major roles in the pathogenesis of AIHA. AIHA can be primary (idiopathic) but is more often secondary, triggered by infections or drug use or as a part of other diseases. As the location of origin of autoAbs and the location of autoAb-mediated RBC clearance, as well as the location of extramedullary hematopoiesis, the spleen is crucially involved in all the steps of AIHA pathobiology. Splenectomy, which was the established second-line therapeutic option in corticosteroid-resistant AIHA patients for decades, has become less common due to increasing knowledge of immunopathogenesis and the introduction of targeted therapy. This article provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding the place of the spleen in the immunological background of AIHA and the rapidly growing spectrum of novel therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the still-existing expediency of laparoscopic splenectomy with appropriate perioperative thromboprophylaxis and the prevention of infection as a safe and reliable therapeutic option in the context of the limited availability of rituximab and other novel therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis of Spleen Disorders)
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14 pages, 5680 KiB  
Review
Incidental Focal Spleen Lesions: Integrated Imaging and Pattern Recognition Approach to the Differential Diagnosis
by Antonio Corvino, Vincenza Granata, Domenico Tafuri, Giulio Cocco and Orlando Catalano
Diagnostics 2023, 13(15), 2536; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152536 - 30 Jul 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1516
Abstract
Spleen lesions and pseudolesions, detected incidentally in imaging, are not uncommon and may require further work-up. The imaging appearance of focal splenic lesions (FSLs) may not be pathognomonic, because of considerably overlapping features. Consequently, all imaging techniques lack specificity to fully characterize FSLs. [...] Read more.
Spleen lesions and pseudolesions, detected incidentally in imaging, are not uncommon and may require further work-up. The imaging appearance of focal splenic lesions (FSLs) may not be pathognomonic, because of considerably overlapping features. Consequently, all imaging techniques lack specificity to fully characterize FSLs. Clinical correlation is mandatory, so as, first of all, to categorize the patient as having or not having a history of solid or hematologic malignancy. Nowadays, many patients have old imaging studies available for comparison and, consequently, it is important to understand if the lesion was previously present or not, and if the size is the same or has changed. In the absence of comparison studies, and with a lack of imaging features of benignity, further investigation may be necessary, using PET, biopsy, or short-term follow-up. Some algorithms have been proposed to manage incidental FSLs; however, none of these strategies has been validated by prospective studies to date. In this review we illustrate the topic of incidental FSLs and we analyze a number of published algorithms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis of Spleen Disorders)
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