Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Cancer/Tumors

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 6668

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Guest Editor
Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
Interests: imaging; oncology; CT; MRI; artificial intelligence; radiomics; response to therapy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer imaging stands at the forefront of modern oncology, revolutionizing how we detect, diagnose, and monitor cancerous growths within the human body. Utilizing advanced technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and various molecular imaging techniques, researchers and clinicians can visualize tumors with unprecedented precision and detail. These imaging modalities not only aid in early detection but also play a crucial role in treatment planning and monitoring therapeutic responses.

In the realm of scientific collaboration for paper submissions, cancer imaging presents a rich field for interdisciplinary cooperation. Collaborative efforts could involve radiologists, oncologists, physicists, engineers, computer scientists, and bioinformaticians, among others. Together, these experts can contribute diverse perspectives and skills to addressing complex challenges in cancer imaging, such as image interpretation algorithms, image-guided interventions, novel contrast agents, and multimodal imaging integration. 

Through scientific paper submissions, these collaborations serve as vehicles for disseminating groundbreaking discoveries, fostering innovation, and shaping the future landscape of cancer imaging and oncology.

Dr. Damiano Caruso
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • oncologic imaging
  • cancer imaging
  • MRI
  • CT
  • X-ray
  • machine learning
  • radiodiagnostics
  • theranostics

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2471 KiB  
Article
Improvement of Breast Cancer Detection Using Dual-Layer Spectral CT
by Felix Christian Hasse, Athanasios Giannakis, Eckhard Wehrse, Wolfram Stiller, Markus Wallwiener, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Tim F. Weber, Jörg Heil and Theresa Mokry
Diagnostics 2024, 14(14), 1560; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14141560 - 19 Jul 2024
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of breast mass detection on monoenergetic image data at 40 keV (MonoE40) and on iodine maps (IM) compared with conventional image data (CI). In this prospective single-center case-control study, 50 breast cancer patients were examined [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of breast mass detection on monoenergetic image data at 40 keV (MonoE40) and on iodine maps (IM) compared with conventional image data (CI). In this prospective single-center case-control study, 50 breast cancer patients were examined using contrast-enhanced dual-layer spectral CT. For qualitative and quantitative comparison of MonoE40 and IM with CI image data, four blinded, independent readers assessed 300 randomized single slices (two slices for each imaging type per case) with or without cancerous lesions for the presence of a breast mass. Detection sensitivity and specificity were calculated and readers rated their subjective diagnostic certainty. For statistical analysis of sensitivity and specificity, a paired t-test and ANOVA were used (significance level p = 0.05). A total of 50 female patients (median age 51 years, range 28–83 years) participated. IM had the highest overall scores in sensitivity and specificity for breast cancer detection, with 0.97 ± 0.06 and 0.95 ± 0.07, respectively, compared with 0.90 ± 0.04 and 0.92 ± 0.06 in CI. MonoE40 yielded a sensitivity of 0.96 ± 0.02 and specificity of 0.94 ± 0.08. All differences in sensitivity and specificity between MonoE or IM and CI were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The superiority of IM sensitivity and specificity was most pronounced in patients with dense breasts. Spectral CT improved the detection of breast cancer with higher sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional image data in our study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Cancer/Tumors)
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Review

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18 pages, 4943 KiB  
Review
Role of Ultrasound Elastography and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in Diagnosis and Management of Malignant Thyroid Nodules—An Update
by Carolina Solomon, Diana-Raluca Petea-Balea, Sorin Marian Dudea, Ioana Bene, Cristina Alina Silaghi and Manuela Lavinia Lenghel
Diagnostics 2025, 15(5), 599; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15050599 - 1 Mar 2025
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Abstract
The aim of this paper is to highlight the combined role of ultrasound elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in terms of diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of the post-treatment response. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and ultrasound elastography are natural extensions of conventional USs that have created [...] Read more.
The aim of this paper is to highlight the combined role of ultrasound elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in terms of diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of the post-treatment response. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and ultrasound elastography are natural extensions of conventional USs that have created new opportunities, facilitating the implementation of multiparametric ultrasounds in the characterization of thyroid nodules, in risk stratification, and in the selection of nodules that request Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA), management, and follow-up of the nodules with indeterminate cytology, evaluation of pre-operative prognostic features, and treatment efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Cancer/Tumors)
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Other

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24 pages, 1337 KiB  
Systematic Review
Molecular Imaging Biomarkers for Early Cancer Detection: A Systematic Review of Emerging Technologies and Clinical Applications
by Maajid Mohi Ud Din Malik, Mansour M. Alqahtani, Ibrahim Hadadi, Ibrahem Kanbayti, Zeyad Alawaji and Bader A. Aloufi
Diagnostics 2024, 14(21), 2459; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14212459 - 3 Nov 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3760
Abstract
Background: Early cancer detection is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Molecular imaging biomarkers offer the potential for non-invasive, early-stage cancer diagnosis. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of molecular imaging biomarkers for early cancer detection across various imaging modalities and cancer types. [...] Read more.
Background: Early cancer detection is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Molecular imaging biomarkers offer the potential for non-invasive, early-stage cancer diagnosis. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of molecular imaging biomarkers for early cancer detection across various imaging modalities and cancer types. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus was performed, covering the period from January 2010 to December 2023. Eligibility criteria included original research articles published in English on molecular imaging biomarkers for early cancer detection in humans. The risk of bias for included studies was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. The findings were synthesized through narrative synthesis, with quantitative analysis conducted where applicable. Results: In total, 50 studies were included. Positron emission tomography (PET)-based biomarkers showed the highest sensitivity (mean: 89.5%, range: 82–96%) and specificity (mean: 91.2%, range: 85–100%). Novel tracers such as [68Ga]-PSMA for prostate cancer and [18F]-FES for breast cancer demonstrated promising outcomes. Optical imaging techniques showed high specificity in intraoperative settings. Conclusions: Molecular imaging biomarkers show significant potential for improving early cancer detection. Integration into clinical practice could lead to earlier interventions and improved outcomes. Further research is needed to address standardization and cost-effectiveness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Cancer/Tumors)
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