Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Sports Medicine

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 9941

Special Issue Editor

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
Interests: knee joint; arthroscopy; arthroplasty; ligaments; meniscus; cartilage; sports medicine; osteoarthritis
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sports medicine, which has become an important specialty in orthopaedic and rehabilitation medicine in recent years, deals with physical fitness and the preventive care and treatment of various injuries in the field of sports and exercise. Sports medicine specialists include individuals in a broad range of professions. The goal of all sports medicine specialists is to prevent future injuries and to improve the function of injured areas to enable patients to return to their everyday lives and pre-injury levels of sports activities. Accurate diagnoses and corresponding treatment are essential in the field of sports medicine. Recently, various diagnosis and treatment techniques and protocols for musculoskeletal sports-related injuries have been introduced, with satisfactory clinical outcomes. In this Special Issue of Diagnostics, we intend to highlight cutting edge concepts and techniques, as well as clinical outcomes related to the diagnosis and treatment of various sports-related injuries and disorders. We would like to invite authors to submit their original research articles, meta-analyses, review articles, technical notes, and case reports regarding diagnosis and treatment in sports medicine. This Special Issue will also explore newly developed strategies such as AI technology for the diagnosis and treatment of sports-related injuries.

Dr. Ki-Mo Jang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • sports medicine
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • surgery
  • bone fracture
  • trauma
  • orthopaedics

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1509 KiB  
Article
Spontaneous Headshake after a Kinematic Event (SHAAKE): Evaluating the Utility of a Potential New Sign in the Diagnosis of Concussion
by Christopher J. Nowinski, Samantha C. Bureau, Hye Chang Rhim, Ross D. Zafonte, Robert C. Cantu and Daniel H. Daneshvar
Diagnostics 2024, 14(20), 2314; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14202314 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 5406
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Diagnosing concussions is problematic, in part due to the invisible nature of concussion symptoms, in addition to personal and interpersonal factors that influence symptom reporting. As a result, observable signs of concussion can ensure concussions are identified and appropriately treated. Here, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Diagnosing concussions is problematic, in part due to the invisible nature of concussion symptoms, in addition to personal and interpersonal factors that influence symptom reporting. As a result, observable signs of concussion can ensure concussions are identified and appropriately treated. Here, we define a potential novel sign, the spontaneous headshake after a kinematic event (SHAAKE) and evaluate its utility in the diagnosis of concussion. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study of 347 athletes (age 27, IQR: 25–29; 47.6% female; highest level of play: college—46.1%, high school—41.2%) identified whether SHAAKE occurred, the reasons underlying SHAAKEs, and its utility for self-reported concussion. Sensitivity and positive predictive value were calculated across all sports and these parameters, as well as estimates for specificity and negative predictive value leveraging published helmet sensor data, were calculated for football players. Results: The median number of times participants reported SHAAKE was 5 (IQR: 3–10), with 4 (IQR: 2–7) associated with a self-reported concussion. Overall, 84.9% of participants reported concussion symptoms as the most common reason for their SHAAKEs. Across all sports, SHAAKE had a sensitivity of 49.6% and positive predictive value 72.4% for diagnosing concussion. In football players, SHAAKE had a sensitivity of 52.3%, estimated specificity of 99.9%, positive predictive value of 91.9%, and estimated negative predictive value of 99.5% for diagnosing self-reported concussion. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that nearly three-quarters of athletes reported a SHAAKE associated with a self-reported concussion, which supports the potential for SHAAKE to be used as a concussion screening tool. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Sports Medicine)
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9 pages, 402 KiB  
Article
Sequential Comparison of Knee Muscle Strength after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction between Hamstring Autograft and Tibialis Anterior Allograft: Propensity Score Matched Pair Analysis
by Se-Han Jung, Chong Hyuk Choi, Sung-Hwan Kim, Kwangho Chung, Hyun-Soo Moon, Woongseob Sim and Min Jung
Diagnostics 2024, 14(14), 1478; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14141478 - 10 Jul 2024
Viewed by 530
Abstract
Among the graft options for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), hamstring autografts are widely regarded as the preferred choice for primary ACLR among orthopedic surgeons worldwide. However, concerns persist regarding postoperative knee flexor weakness. We aimed to compare knee extensor and flexor strengths [...] Read more.
Among the graft options for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), hamstring autografts are widely regarded as the preferred choice for primary ACLR among orthopedic surgeons worldwide. However, concerns persist regarding postoperative knee flexor weakness. We aimed to compare knee extensor and flexor strengths between hamstring autograft and tibialis anterior allograft groups in ACLR patients, who were propensity score-matched based on baseline characteristics. A retrospective analysis included 58 matched pairs who underwent isokinetic strength tests at 6 and 12 months post operation. Isokinetic muscle strength tests found no significant difference in knee extensor and flexor strength at 6 months post operation between the hamstring autograft and tibial anterior allograft groups. At 12 months, the hamstring autograft group exhibited significantly greater knee flexor deficit (total work and average power) compared to the allograft group, despite no differences in extensor strength or patient-reported outcomes. This study highlights the impact of hamstring autograft harvesting on muscle strength and recovery following ACLR in short-term period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Sports Medicine)
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11 pages, 4925 KiB  
Article
Difference in Correction Power between Hybrid Lateral Closed-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy and Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy was Associated with Severity of Varus Deformity and Different Hinge Distance from Center of Deformity
by Seok Jin Jung, Jun Ho Kang, Seung Joon Rhee, Sang Won Moon, Lih Wang and Darryl D D’Lima
Diagnostics 2024, 14(11), 1137; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14111137 - 29 May 2024
Viewed by 980
Abstract
Hybrid lateral closed-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HBHTO) carries certain advantages over medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). We investigated the potential difference in the required correction angle between HBHTO and OWHTO to achieve an equal amount of whole lower-extremity alignment correction, retrospectively analyzing [...] Read more.
Hybrid lateral closed-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HBHTO) carries certain advantages over medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). We investigated the potential difference in the required correction angle between HBHTO and OWHTO to achieve an equal amount of whole lower-extremity alignment correction, retrospectively analyzing the preoperative plain radiographic images of 100 patients. The medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), joint line convergence angle (JLCA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), hip–knee–ankle axis (HKA), length of the tibia, width of the tibial plateau, length of the lower limb (leg length), and location of the center of deformity (CD) were measured. Differences in the required correction angle at the hinge point between the two techniques (CAD) were compared, and correlation analysis was performed to reveal the influential factors. The mean difference in CAD between HBHTO and OWHTO was 0.78 ± 0.22 (0.4~1.5)°, and mean WBL position change per correction angle was 3.9 ± 0.3 (3.0~4.6)% in HBHTO and 4.1 ± 0.3 (3.1~4.7)% in OWHTO. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between CAD and HKA. mLDFA, JLCA, MPTA, leg length, OWCD, HBCD, and HCD were also significantly correlated with CAD. HBHTO required a 5.6% larger correction angle at the hinge point to achieve the same amount of alignment correction as OWHTO. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Sports Medicine)
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10 pages, 621 KiB  
Article
Sports-Related Pure Orbital Blowout Fractures in Japan: Differences in Demographic and Clinical Characteristics between Sports
by Jose Miguel Ambat, Steffani Krista Someda, Hirohiko Kakizaki and Yasuhiro Takahashi
Diagnostics 2024, 14(9), 913; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14090913 - 27 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1022
Abstract
The aim of this study was to present the demographic and clinical characteristics of sports-related pure (rim-sparing) orbital blowout fractures and to analyze these differences by type of sport. Ten years of sports-related orbital fracture data were accumulated. Patients were classified into similar [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to present the demographic and clinical characteristics of sports-related pure (rim-sparing) orbital blowout fractures and to analyze these differences by type of sport. Ten years of sports-related orbital fracture data were accumulated. Patients were classified into similar sports (i.e., soccer and futsal) wherein orbital blowout fractures were obtained, producing 14 groups. This study included 377 sides from 374 patients. The majority of patients were male (83.4%), and the mean population age was 20.9 ± 10.8 years. The most common sports causing injuries were baseball/softball, rugby/football, and martial arts. Single-wall fractures were found in 78.8% of patients, but baseball/softball had a higher frequency of multiple-wall fractures (p = 0.035). Concomitant ocular and periocular injuries occurred in 18.6% of patients, which were frequently caused by baseball/softball (p < 0.001). The field of binocular single vision (BSV) included primary gaze in 84.2% of patients. Surgical management was conducted in 52.1% of patients. This study showed that baseball and softball had the highest rate of multi-wall fractures and concomitant ocular and periocular injuries. The field of BSV measured during the first examination was acceptable in most cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Sports Medicine)
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13 pages, 1001 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Functional Outcomes after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Meniscal Repair for Unstable versus Stable Meniscal Tears
by Jin Hyuck Lee, Gyu Bin Lee, WooYong Chung, Ji Won Wang, Sun Gyu Han, Hye Chang Rhim, Seung-Beom Han and Ki-Mo Jang
Diagnostics 2024, 14(9), 871; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14090871 - 23 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1002
Abstract
This study aimed to compare functional outcomes including knee muscle strength in the quadriceps and hamstrings, and proprioception, assessed through dynamic postural stability (overall stability index [OSI]) and self-reported outcomes in the operated and non-operated knees between anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with [...] Read more.
This study aimed to compare functional outcomes including knee muscle strength in the quadriceps and hamstrings, and proprioception, assessed through dynamic postural stability (overall stability index [OSI]) and self-reported outcomes in the operated and non-operated knees between anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with meniscal repair for unstable (root and radial tears) and stable (longitudinal, horizontal, and bucket handle tears) meniscal tears. A total of 76 patients were randomly selected (41 with ACLR with meniscal repair for unstable meniscal tears and 35 with ACLR with meniscal repair for stable meniscal tears) at three different time points (preoperative, 6 months, and 12 months). Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to investigate the differences in outcomes for between-subject and within-subject factors. In the operated knees, there were no significant differences for functional outcomes between the two groups (all p > 0.05). In the non-operated knees, a significant difference was observed for the OSI between the two groups, which was significantly higher in ACLR with meniscal repair for unstable meniscal tears than for stable meniscal tears at 6 months (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age (p = 0.027), preoperative OSI in the operated knees (p = 0.005), and postoperative OSI in the operated knees at 6 months (p = 0.002) were significant and independent predictors for OSI in the non-operated knees at 6 months postoperatively. Therefore, while no differences were observed in functional outcomes between the two groups in the operated knees, dynamic postural stability was poorer at 6 months postoperatively in the non-operated knees of patients with ACLR with meniscal repair for unstable meniscal tears. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between preoperative/postoperative dynamic postural stability in the operated knees and postoperative dynamic postural stability in the non-operated knees. Hence, we recommend incorporating balance exercises for both knees in post-surgical rehabilitation, particularly for patients with unstable meniscal tears. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Sports Medicine)
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