T-cell Immunity Assays in the Management of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 4034

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
Interests: infections in immunocompromised patients; transplantation; fungal infections; Candida; Aspergillus; Mucorales; antifungal resistance; Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most common opportunistic infections following organ or hematopoetic cell transplantation, and in patients with hematologic malignancies, especially those receiving alemtuzumab. CMV can also affect patients on high-dose steroids, the elderly, and other “immunomodulated”, or even, rarely, immunocompetent individuals. Treatment for CMV, although effective, is associated with significant costs and toxicities. CMV-specific T-cell immunity (TCI) has been associated with protection against the virus, and reduced rates of CMV infection. In research studies, assays measuring CMV-specific TCI have been shown to be clinically useful in a variety of clinical scenaria, guiding initiation or discontinuation of anti-CMV prophylaxis or treatment. Nevertheless, there are still many answered questions regarding their potential utility in everyday clinical practice, or clinical–translational studies of CMV prevention (vaccines) or treatment, including adoptive T-cell immunotherapy. In this externally sponsored Special Issue, we are planning to summarize existing evidence regarding the clinical utility of CMV-specific TCI assays, and future directions in corresponding research areas. We welcome submissions on, but not limited to, the following topics:

  1. Burden of CMV infection in different patient populations;
  2. CMV T-cell immunity assays in solid organ transplant recipients;
  3. CMV T-cell immunity assays in hematopoetic cell transplant recipients;
  4. Cost-effectiveness of CMV T-cell immunity assays in guiding anti-CMV prophylaxis and treatment;
  5. Significance of CMV-specific CD8+ vs. CD4+ T-cells;
  6. Adoptive immunotherapy for CMV infection;
  7. Future directions in CMV T-cell immunity research: Role of CMV T-cell immunity assays in CMV-vaccine development.

Dr. Dimitrios Farmakiotis
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • CMV
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • (Solid) organ transplantation
  • Hematopoetic cell transplantation
  • Immunoassays
  • (Val)ganciclovir
  • T-cells
  • CD4+ T-cells
  • CD8+ T-cells
  • Vaccine(s)
  • Adoptive immunotherapy

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

18 pages, 265 KiB  
Review
Utility of CMV-Specific Immune Monitoring for the Management of CMV in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Clinical Update
by Katya Prakash, Aditya Chandorkar and Kapil K. Saharia
Diagnostics 2021, 11(5), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11050875 - 13 May 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3521
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most important opportunistic infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. However, current techniques used to predict risk for CMV infection fall short. CMV-specific cell mediated immunity (CMI) plays an important role in protecting against CMV infection. There [...] Read more.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most important opportunistic infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. However, current techniques used to predict risk for CMV infection fall short. CMV-specific cell mediated immunity (CMI) plays an important role in protecting against CMV infection. There is evidence that assays measuring CMV-CMI might better identify SOT recipients at risk of complications from CMV compared to anti-CMV IgG, which is our current standard of care. Here, we review recently published studies that utilize CMV-CMI, at various points before and after transplantation, to help predict risk and guide the management of CMV infection following organ transplantation. The evidence supports the use of these novel assays to help identify SOT recipients at increased risk and highlights the need for larger prospective trials evaluating these modalities in this high-risk population. Full article
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