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Diagnostics
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Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of ENT (Ear–Nose–Throat) Diseases
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Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of ENT (Ear–Nose–Throat) Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 5787

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Wojciech Kukwa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: OSA; sleep disorders and sleep medicine; treatment; tumors; cancer; oncology; otolaryngology; sleep medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mirosław J. Szczepański

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: rhinosinusitis; Graves’ ophthalmopathy; scuba-diving medicine; treatment; otolaryngology; tumor immunology; exosomes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

ENT specialists have the privilege of dealing with an extremely interesting body area with a complex anatomical structure and function. It is a wide specialty where rapid progress in diagnosis, treatment and management can be observed in rhinology, otology and upper aerodigestive tract disorders. Additionally, ENT specialists continue to progress in the diagnosis and therapy of head and neck cancers, and participate in the development of increasingly effective methods of diagnosing and treating sleep breathing disorders. The primary goal of this Special Issue is to advance our knowledge of ENT scientific progress and achievements. We invite all researchers in the field to contribute to this Special Issue in the form of systematic reviews, original research articles or communications.

Dr. Wojciech Kukwa
Dr. Mirosław J. Szczepański
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

 

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1543 KiB  
Article
Diagnosis of Eosinophilic Otitis Media Using Blood Eosinophil Levels
by Yeonsu Jeong, Gina Na, Jong-Gyun Ha, Dachan Kim, Junyup Kim and Seonghoon Bae
Diagnostics 2023, 13(23), 3598; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13233598 - 4 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1023
Abstract
Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is a rare middle ear disease with unfavorable outcomes. Under the current diagnostic criteria of EOM, it is challenging to suspect EOM before tympanostomy. Therefore, this study attempted to use blood eosinophil levels for the differential diagnosis of EOM [...] Read more.
Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is a rare middle ear disease with unfavorable outcomes. Under the current diagnostic criteria of EOM, it is challenging to suspect EOM before tympanostomy. Therefore, this study attempted to use blood eosinophil levels for the differential diagnosis of EOM from other conditions. Three disease groups with features of recurrent otorrhea were categorized, which included the following: EOM (n = 9), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, n = 12), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD, n = 6). Clinical and radiological characteristics were analyzed in the three groups. Patients who underwent ventilation tube insertion due to serous otitis media were enrolled as the control group (n = 225) to evaluate the diagnostic validity of blood eosinophilia. The EOM group showed a significantly higher blood eosinophil concentration (p < 0.001) and blood eosinophil count (p < 0.001) compared to the GPA and PCD groups. The estimated sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing EOM from OME patients who underwent ventilation tube insertion were 100% and 95.6%, respectively. In addition, EOM tended to have protympanic space soft tissue density and a relatively clear retrotympanic space in temporal bone computerized tomography. Blood eosinophil evaluation is a significant clinical indicator of EOM. Furthermore, the assessment of exclusive protympanic soft tissue density can provide an additional diagnostic clue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of ENT (Ear–Nose–Throat) Diseases)
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14 pages, 2490 KiB  
Article
HMGB1 Carried by Small Extracellular Vesicles Potentially Plays a Role in Promoting Acquired Middle Ear Cholesteatoma
by Michał W. Łuczak, Karolina Dżaman, Łukasz Zaręba, Katarzyna Czerwaty, Jacek Siewiera, Alicja Głuszko, Ewa Olszewska, Jacek Brzost, Ireneusz Kantor, Mirosław J. Szczepański and Nils Ludwig
Diagnostics 2023, 13(22), 3469; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13223469 - 17 Nov 2023
Viewed by 818
Abstract
Cholesteatoma is a specific medical condition involving the abnormal, non-cancerous growth of skin-like tissue in the middle ear, potentially leading to a collection of debris and even infections. The receptor for advanced glycation (RAGE) and its ligand, high-mobility box 1 (HMGB1), are both [...] Read more.
Cholesteatoma is a specific medical condition involving the abnormal, non-cancerous growth of skin-like tissue in the middle ear, potentially leading to a collection of debris and even infections. The receptor for advanced glycation (RAGE) and its ligand, high-mobility box 1 (HMGB1), are both known to be overexpressed in cholesteatoma and play a potential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this study, we investigated the role of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in carrying HMGB1 and inducing disease-promoting effects in cholesteatoma. No significant differences in the concentration of isolated sEVs in the plasma of cholesteatoma patients (n = 17) and controls (n = 22) were found (p > 0.05); however, cholesteatoma-derived sEVs carried significantly higher levels of HMGB1 (p < 0.05). In comparison to sEVs isolated from the plasma of controls, cholesteatoma-derived sEVs significantly enhanced keratinocyte proliferation and IL-6 production (p < 0.05), potentially by engaging multiple activation pathways including MAPKp44/p42, STAT3, and the NF-κB pathway. Thus, HMGB1(+) sEVs emerge as a novel factor potentially promoting cholesteatoma progression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of ENT (Ear–Nose–Throat) Diseases)
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11 pages, 1740 KiB  
Article
Predicting the Probability of the Incidence of Maxillary Sinus Fungus Ball in Patients Using Nomogram Models
by Yu-Hsi Fan, Kai-Yi Shih, Pei-Wen Wu, Yen-Lin Huang, Ta-Jen Lee, Chi-Che Huang, Po-Hung Chang and Chien-Chia Huang
Diagnostics 2023, 13(19), 3156; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13193156 - 9 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 862
Abstract
Maxillary sinus fungal ball (MSFB) is the most common type of non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Since MSFB requires a unique treatment strategy and is associated with potentially severe complications, timely and precise diagnosis is crucial. Computed tomography (CT) is the first-line imaging tool for [...] Read more.
Maxillary sinus fungal ball (MSFB) is the most common type of non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Since MSFB requires a unique treatment strategy and is associated with potentially severe complications, timely and precise diagnosis is crucial. Computed tomography (CT) is the first-line imaging tool for evaluating chronic rhinosinusitis. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the clinical and CT imaging characteristics of MSFB. We retrospectively enrolled 97 patients with unilateral MSFB and 158 with unilateral non-fungal maxillary rhinosinusitis. The clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and CT imaging features of participants were evaluated. Older age, female sex, lower white blood cell and neutrophil counts, and CT imaging features (including an irregular surface, erosion of the medial sinus wall, sclerosis of the lateral sinus wall, and intralesional hyperdensity) were significantly associated with MSFB. The presence of adjacent maxillary odontogenic pathology was associated with a decreased likelihood of the incidence of MSFB in unilateral maxillary rhinosinusitis. Separate nomograms were created for patients, without and with the use of CT scan, to predict the probabilities of MSFB in patients with unilateral maxillary rhinosinusitis. We proposed two nomograms based on the clinical and CT characteristics of patients with MSFB. These could serve as evaluation tools to assist clinicians in determining the need for undergoing CT and facilitate the accurate and timely diagnosis of MSFB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of ENT (Ear–Nose–Throat) Diseases)
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Review

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15 pages, 5234 KiB  
Review
The Differential Diagnosis of Congenital Developmental Midline Nasal Masses: Histopathological, Clinical, and Radiological Aspects
by Michal Kotowski
Diagnostics 2023, 13(17), 2796; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172796 - 29 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2448
Abstract
Developmental midline nasal masses including nasal dermoids (NDs), encephaloceles (EPHCs), and nasal glial heterotopias (NGHs) are a consequence of disrupted embryonal developmental processes in the frontonasal region. Surgery is the only method of treatment in order to prevent local and intracranial inflammatory complications [...] Read more.
Developmental midline nasal masses including nasal dermoids (NDs), encephaloceles (EPHCs), and nasal glial heterotopias (NGHs) are a consequence of disrupted embryonal developmental processes in the frontonasal region. Surgery is the only method of treatment in order to prevent local and intracranial inflammatory complications as well as distant deformities of the facial skeleton. Due to their rarity, similar location, and clinical and radiological symptoms, meticulous preoperative differential diagnostics is mandatory. The aim of this thorough literature review was to present and discuss all clinical, histopathological, and radiological aspects of NDs, NGHs, and EPHCs that are crucial for their differential diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of ENT (Ear–Nose–Throat) Diseases)
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