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The Role of Anatomy in Medical Diagnosis and Pathology Analysis

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A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 4612

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vladimir Nikolenko

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Guest Editor

Department of Anatomy and Histology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Interests: amygdala; limbic system; neurodegenerative disease; pathophysiology of neurodegeneration

Dr. Mikhail Yegorovich Sinelnikov

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Guest Editor

Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Reconstructive Surgery, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Interests: reconstruction; regenerative medicine; stem cell research; plastic surgery; epidemiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Anatomy is at the forefront of a wide range of surgical specialties, from imaging and histological diagnostics to complex surgical interventions. The aim of this Special Issue is to explore the role of anatomy in determining a medical diagnosis and analysis of pathology. Both clinical and non-clinical and interventional and non-interventional diagnostic procedures rely on the foundations set by anatomical knowledge from the macroscopic to molecular planes. Surgeons rely on anatomical knowledge to formulate intraoperative diagnosis and perform novel procedures. In all medical sciences, anatomy is the foundation of knowledge. This Special Issue will showcase specific research focusing on the role of anatomy in medical diagnosis and pathology analysis.

Dr. Vladimir Nikolenko
Dr. Mikhail Yegorovich Sinelnikov
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

anatomy
pathology
diagnosis
histology

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 3132 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Vertebrobasilar Trunk and Its Anatomical Variants: A Microsurgical Anatomical Study

by Gervith Reyes-Soto, Julio C. Pérez-Cruz, Luis Delgado-Reyes, Carlos Castillo-Rangel, Bernardo Cacho Diaz, Gennady Chmutin, Renat Nurmukhametov, Galina Sufianova, Albert Sufianov, Vladimir Nikolenko, Rinat Sufianov, Evgeniy Goncharov, Nicola Montemurro and Manuel De Jesus Encarnacion Ramirez

Diagnostics 2024, 14(5), 534; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14050534 - 2 Mar 2024

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Abstract

Background: The trunk of the basilar artery has not been included in microanatomy studies. Anatomical variants of the perforant branches of the vertebrobasilar trunk and their relationship with neural structures are very important in surgical approaches. Surgical dissection for the treatment of vascular lesions requires a perfect knowledge of the microsurgical anatomy. Methods: We conducted a descriptive analysis of 50 brains, which were fixed with formalin at 10% for 2 weeks, and the arterial system was injected with colored latex. After microsurgical dissection, it was divided into three segments: the lower portion went from the anterior spinal artery to the anteroinferior cerebellar artery, the middle segment was raised from the upper limit of the lower portion to the origin of the superior cerebellar artery, and the upper segment ranged from the previous portion until the origin of the posterior cerebral artery. Results: The basilar artery had an average length of 30 mm. The average diameter at its junction with the vertebral arteries was 4.05 mm. The average middle segment was 3.4 mm in diameter and 15.2 mm in length. The diameter of the upper segment was 4.2 mm, and its average length was 3.6 mm. The average number of bulbar arteries was three, and their average diameter was 0. 66 mm. The number of caudal perforator arteries were five on average, with a diameter of 0.32 mm. We found three rare cases of anatomical variants in the vertebra–basilar junction. Conclusions: The basilar artery emits penetrating branches in its lower, middle, and upper portions. The origin of penetrating branches was single or divided after forming a trunk. However, we observed long branches from perforant arteries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Anatomy in Medical Diagnosis and Pathology Analysis)

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11 pages, 66334 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Intervertebral Canals and Intracanal Ligaments as New Terms in Terminologia anatomica

by Kirill Zhandarov, Ekaterina Blinova, Egor Ogarev, Dmitry Sheptulin, Elizaveta Terekhina, Vladimir Telpukhov, Yuriy Vasil’ev, Mikhail Nelipa, Olesya Kytko, Valery Chilikov, Peter Panyushkin, Olga Drakina, Renata Meilanova, Artem Mirontsev, Denis Shimanovsky, Tatyana Bogoyavlenskaya, Sergey Dydykin, Vladimir Nikolenko, Artem Kashtanov, Vladimir Aliev, Natalia Kireeva and Yulianna Enina Show full author list Hide full author list

Diagnostics 2023, 13(17), 2809; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172809 - 30 Aug 2023

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Abstract

This study addresses the cervical part of the vertebral column. Clinical pictures of dystrophic diseases of the cervical part of the vertebral column do not always correspond only to the morphological changes—they may be represented by connective tissue formation and nerve and vessel compression. To find out the possible reason, this morphometric study of the cervical part of the vertebral column in 40 cadavers was performed. CT scans were performed on 17 cadaveric material specimens. A total of 12 histological samples of connective tissue structures located in intervertebral canals (IC) were studied. One such formation, an intracanal ligament (IL) located in the IC, was found. Today, there is no term “intervertebral canal”, nor is there a detailed description of the intervertebral canal in the cervical part of the vertebral column. Cervical intervertebral canals make up five pairs in segments C2–C7. On cadavers, the IC lateral and medial apertures were 0.9–1.5 cm and 0.5–0.9 cm, correspondingly. According to our histological study, the connective tissue structures in the IC are ligaments—IL. According to the presence of these ligaments, ICs were classified into three types. Complete regional anatomy characterization of the IC of the cervical part of the vertebral column with a description of its constituent anatomical elements was provided. The findings demonstrate the need to include the terms “intervertebral canal” and “intervertebral ligament” in the Terminologia anatomica. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Anatomy in Medical Diagnosis and Pathology Analysis)

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12 pages, 6692 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Arteria Praebronchialis (AP) Found on MDCT: An Updated Incidence and Branching Patterns

by Bo Mi Gil, Kyongmin Sarah Beck, Kyung Soo Kim and Dae Hee Han

Diagnostics 2023, 13(17), 2744; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172744 - 24 Aug 2023

Viewed by 630

Abstract

Preoperative detection of the arteria praebronchialis (AP), a rare variant mediastinal branch of the left pulmonary artery, can be crucial to a successful left-lung surgery; if the AP is overlooked and ligated during surgery, the blood supply to the remaining lobe may be compromised. The purpose of this study was to update the incidence and branching patterns of the AP. From 18 April 2012 to 31 December 2022, contrast-enhanced CT was screened by one radiologist for the presence of AP. Branching patterns of the AP were analyzed by three thoracic radiologists. The incidence of AP was updated to 0.068% (18/26,310) from the previously reported 0.03%; the incidence of AP for male and female patients was 0.110% and 0.017%, respectively. AP supplied only the LLL in 10 cases and both the lingular division of LUL and LLL in nine cases. Dual segmental supply by both the AP and the normal left descending pulmonary artery existed in 15 cases; exclusive segmental supply by either artery existed in four cases. The AP supplies either the LLL alone or both LLL and the lingular division of LUL, and its incidence is not negligible in the male population, necessitating routine surveillance prior to pulmonary resection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Anatomy in Medical Diagnosis and Pathology Analysis)

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Review

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12 pages, 1630 KiB

Open AccessReview

Does Frontal Recess Cell Variation Associate with the Development of Frontal Sinusitis? A Narrative Review

by Tariq Al Habsi, Eiman Al-Ajmi, Mohammed Al Washahi, Maitham Al Lawati, Shihab Al Maawali, Amit Mahajan and Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla

Diagnostics 2024, 14(1), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14010103 - 3 Jan 2024

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Abstract

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can have a significant impact on quality of life. With persistent symptoms and the failure of initial medical treatments, surgical management is indicated. Despite the excellent results of endoscopic sinus surgery for persistent CRS, it is quite a challenging procedure for frontal sinusitis given the complex anatomy and location of the frontal sinus. Frontal recess cells significantly contribute to the complexity of the frontal sinus, and numerous studies have sought to establish their association with sinusitis. This review offers a comprehensive understanding of frontal recess cells, their different classifications, their prevalence among different populations, and their relationship to sinusitis. After an extensive review of the current literature, the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) is the most recent classification method and a preferred practical preoperative assessment tool. Although the agger nasi cell is the most prevalent cell among all reported populations, ethnic variations are still influencing the other cells’ distribution. Studies are inconsistent in reporting a relationship between frontal recess cells and sinusitis, and that is mainly because of the differences in the classification methods used. More research using a standardized classification method is needed to understand the association between frontal recess cells and sinusitis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Anatomy in Medical Diagnosis and Pathology Analysis)

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