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Electronics
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Recent Advances in Antenna Arrays and Millimeter-Wave Components
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Recent Advances in Antenna Arrays and Millimeter-Wave Components

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2024 | Viewed by 4415

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. George Kyriacou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Microwaves Lab, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
Interests: design and implementation of microwave circuits; radar and antenna systems; computational electromagnetic; 5G wireless systems; biomedical applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Constantinos L. Zekios

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Engineering & Computing, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
Interests: electromagnetics; microwaves; antennas; wireless power transfer; computational electromagnetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will include papers on the emerging topic of antenna arrays and millimeter-wave components. Antenna arrays and millimeter-wave components will play a key role in the development of next-generation communication systems and will enable the development of important future applications that aim to support environments with ubiquitous connectivity. Therefore, such antenna arrays and components must be able to support systems that provide high data rates (in the order of 20 Gbps), high traffic capacities (in the order of 10 Mbps/m2), and extremely low latencies (e.g., 1ms). To meet such requirements, several different challenges need to be addressed, including the introduction of high-gain array antennas with a low side-lobe level, wideband antennas with stable VSWR, multibeam wide-scan array antennas, frequency reconfigurable antennas, highly efficient multibeam feeding networks, beam squint-free wideband beamforming networks, wideband and highly selective filters, wideband couplers, and wideband power dividers, to name a few. The goal of this Special Issue is to provide leading papers in the emerging area of antenna arrays and millimeter-wave components. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Multibeam antenna technologies;
  • Wide-scan antenna arrays;
  • Ultra-wideband antenna arrays;
  • High-gain antennas;
  • Wideband millimeter-wave components;
  • Reconfigurable radiating apertures (e.g., reflectarrays, transmitarrays, and metasurfaces);
  • Beamforming networks and techniques;
  • True-time-delay beamformers;
  • Reconfigurable millimeter-wave components;
  • Multiband millimeter-wave components;
  • Wideband millimeter-wave components;
  • Optimization techniques for antenna arrays and millimeter-wave components.

Prof. Dr. George Kyriacou
Dr. Constantinos L. Zekios
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antenna arrays
  • phased antenna arrays
  • millimeter waves
  • beamformers
  • true time delay
  • multibeam antennas
  • multiband antennas
  • wideband antennas
  • 5G wireless systems
  • 6G wireless system

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7147 KiB  
Article
Improving Scanning Performance of Patch Phased Array Antenna by Using a Modified SIW Cavity and Sequential Rotation Technique
by Hao Liu, Tianci Guan, Chunsen Fu, Shuqi Zhang, Xin Xu, Ziqiang Xu, Anyong Qing and Xianqi Lin
Electronics 2024, 13(9), 1776; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13091776 - 04 May 2024
Viewed by 250
Abstract
A novel patch phased array antenna with improved scanning performance is presented in this paper. The active element pattern is changed as desired through a modified SIW cavity, resulting in an extension of the phased array’s 3 dB scanning range. Furthermore, sequential rotation [...] Read more.
A novel patch phased array antenna with improved scanning performance is presented in this paper. The active element pattern is changed as desired through a modified SIW cavity, resulting in an extension of the phased array’s 3 dB scanning range. Furthermore, sequential rotation is used to reduce the cross-polarization level of the array, which also improves the scanning gain at ±45°. Without altering the element size or profile, the array has the merits of low cost, low complexity, and a simple feed structure. The presented phased array antenna (PAA) exhibits a gain fluctuation of less than 2.2 dB when steering to 45°. Furthermore, the cross-polarization levels are below −68.1 dB when scanning to 45° in a E-/H-plane over the whole working band. To validate the proposed design, a prototype of a 24 × 16 active PAA is designed, fabricated, and measured. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results is achieved, Thus, this paper offers a viable solution to enhance the scanning performance of a PAA with fixed interelement spacing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Antenna Arrays and Millimeter-Wave Components)
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18 pages, 12864 KiB  
Article
A CMA-Based Electronically Reconfigurable Dual-Mode and Dual-Band Antenna
by Nicholas E. Russo, Constantinos L. Zekios and Stavros V. Georgakopoulos
Electronics 2023, 12(18), 3915; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12183915 - 17 Sep 2023
Viewed by 727
Abstract
In this work, an electronically reconfigurable dual-band dual-mode microstrip ring antenna with high isolation is proposed. Using characteristic mode analysis (CMA), the physical characteristics of the ring antenna are revealed, and two modes are appropriately chosen for operation in two sub-6 GHz “legacy” [...] Read more.
In this work, an electronically reconfigurable dual-band dual-mode microstrip ring antenna with high isolation is proposed. Using characteristic mode analysis (CMA), the physical characteristics of the ring antenna are revealed, and two modes are appropriately chosen for operation in two sub-6 GHz “legacy” bands. Due to the inherent orthogonality of the characteristic modes, measured isolation larger than 37 dB was achieved in both bands without requiring complicated decoupling approaches. An integrated electronically reconfigurable matching network (comprising PIN diodes and varactors) was designed to switch between the two modes of operation. The simulated and measured results were in excellent agreement, showing a peak gain of 4.7 dB for both modes and radiation efficiency values of 44.3% and 64%, respectively. Using CMA to gain physical insights into the radiative orthogonal modes of under-researched and non-conventional antennas (e.g., antennas of arbitrary shapes) opens the door to developing highly compact radiators, which enable next-generation communication systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Antenna Arrays and Millimeter-Wave Components)
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16 pages, 5254 KiB  
Article
A Deep Learning Framework for Adaptive Beamforming in Massive MIMO Millimeter Wave 5G Multicellular Networks
by Spyros Lavdas, Panagiotis K. Gkonis, Efthalia Tsaknaki, Lambros Sarakis, Panagiotis Trakadas and Konstantinos Papadopoulos
Electronics 2023, 12(17), 3555; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12173555 - 23 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1171
Abstract
The goal of this paper is the performance evaluation of a deep learning approach when deployed in fifth-generation (5G) millimeter wave (mmWave) multicellular networks. To this end, the optimum beamforming configuration is defined by two neural networks (NNs) that are properly trained, according [...] Read more.
The goal of this paper is the performance evaluation of a deep learning approach when deployed in fifth-generation (5G) millimeter wave (mmWave) multicellular networks. To this end, the optimum beamforming configuration is defined by two neural networks (NNs) that are properly trained, according to mean square error (MSE) minimization. The first network has as input the requested spectral efficiency (SE) per active sector, while the second network has the corresponding energy efficiency (EE). Hence, channel and power variations can now be taken into consideration during adaptive beamforming. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated with the help of a developed system-level simulator via extensive Monte Carlo simulations. According to the presented results, machine learning (ML)-adaptive beamforming can significantly improve EE compared to the standard non-ML framework. Although this improvement comes at the cost of increased blocking probability (BP) and radiating elements (REs) for high data rate services, the corresponding increase ratios are significantly reduced compared to the EE improvement ratio. In particular, considering 21.6 Mbps per active user and ML adaptive beamforming, the EE can reach up to 5.3 Mbps/W, which is significantly improved compared to the non-ML case (0.9 Mbps/W). In this context, BP does not exceed 2.6%, which is slightly worse compared to 1.7% in the standard non-ML case. Moreover, approximately 20% additional REs are required with respect to the non-ML framework. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Antenna Arrays and Millimeter-Wave Components)
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13 pages, 10329 KiB  
Communication
Design of a High-Gain Hybrid Slot Antenna Array Based on Bulk Silicon MEMS Process for W-Band Applications
by Yu Zhao, Hao Luo, Wenhao Tan, Zheng Zhou, Guoqiang Zhao and Houjun Sun
Electronics 2023, 12(9), 2028; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12092028 - 27 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1516
Abstract
A W-band, high-gain, hybrid slot antenna array based on bulk silicon MEMS technology is proposed in this paper. The high-order-mode cavity is explored to excite the 2 × 2-slot basic unit, so as to reach the low-profile requirement of the bulk silicon MEMS [...] Read more.
A W-band, high-gain, hybrid slot antenna array based on bulk silicon MEMS technology is proposed in this paper. The high-order-mode cavity is explored to excite the 2 × 2-slot basic unit, so as to reach the low-profile requirement of the bulk silicon MEMS process. To avoid the fragile structure of the large-scale antenna arrays based on the bulk silicon MEMS process, the ridge gap waveguide is employed to build the feed network for a large-scale array. A vertical transition between a rectangular waveguide and a ridge gap waveguide is designed to support the low-loss and low-cost assembling method between the radiation units and the feed network. An 8 × 8-slot hybrid antenna array is simulated and fabricated. The measured results show a relative bandwidth (VSWR < 2) of 8.1% with the first side-lobe level less than −11 dB over the frequency band of 91–97 GHz. A maximum gain of 26.1 dBi with the radiation efficiency of 65.2% is achieved. With high gain and high fabrication efficiency, the proposed hybrid slot antenna array would be valuable for W-band radar applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Antenna Arrays and Millimeter-Wave Components)
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