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Advanced Application for Renewable Energy Sources: Modelling, Management Control, Data Monitoring, Health Management, Design and Improvement

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A: Sustainable Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 13342

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mohamed Louzazni

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Guest Editor

Science Engineer Laboratory for Energy, National School of Applied Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University of El Jadida, El Jadida M-24000, Morocco
Interests: performance analysis; monitoring; lifetime analysis; fault detection; control management; power electronics; hybrid renewable energy; mathematical modelling; optimization and meta-heuristic algorithm; computational intelligence; photovoltaic and power energy; forecasting; fuel cell; radar; radio frequency; electromagnetic and electronic
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Marco Mussetta

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Guest Editor

Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, MI, Italy
Interests: computational intelligence; optimization; machine learning; fuzzy logic; wireless sensor networks; renewable energy; photovoltaics; wind power; forecasting
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Luis M. Fernández-Ramírez

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Research Group in Sustainable and Renewable Electrical Technologies (PAIDI-TEP023), Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering of Algeciras, University of Cadiz, Algeciras, Spain
Interests: smart cities; smart grids; microgrids; renewable energy; wind energy; photovoltaic solar energy; energy storage systems; hydrogen and fuel cells; hybrid electric systems; electric vehicles; electric power systems; power converters and energy management/control systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) are fast developing as a viable alternative to fossil fuels in the face of global economic instability, climate change, and increased energy consumption. Scientists have been discovering, developing, and modeling various RE technologies in order to improve their performance. Although some RE generators have a nonlinear characteristic in terms of power output as a function of weather conditions, studying and analyzing diverse modes have become a scientific and technological problem. A variety of characteristics must be satisfied in order to ensure the stability and security of RES-based electric power systems such as wind turbines, solar power systems, tidal turbines, and fuel cell generators. The connected RES to the electrical grid needs several operations such as optimization, fault diagnosis and digitalization of the system to be smart. The smart grids provide a high stability of the injected electrical power from RES to small grids. In this regard, modelling, forecasting, management control of hybrid systems, data acquisition, monitoring and fault diagnosis under variable weather conditions are of paramount importance. This Special Issue aims to encourage researchers and practitioners to share and exchange their original and high-quality articles (new theories, methods, techniques, and applications) focusing on innovative renewable energy system modelling, control management and monitoring, forecasting, including energy efficiency improvement and verification. Original research and review articles discussing state-of-the-art research are welcome. The submitted manuscripts for this Special Issue will be peer-reviewed before publication. Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

Modelling and characterization of renewable energy systems;
Electronic component diagnosis;
Fault-tolerant control strategies;
Fault detection and diagnosis of renewable energy systems;
Digitalization of renewable energy systems;
IoT and Industry 4.0-based sensor technology;
Sensors, data acquisition, analysis and monitoring;
Advanced optimization and control management;
Advanced forecasting methods;
Control optimization and stabilization of storage systems;
Advanced control strategies for electrical machines in renewable energy applications;
Artificial intelligence techniques in smart grids and renewable energy systems.

Dr. Mohamed Louzazni
Prof. Dr. Marco Mussetta
Prof. Dr. Luis M. Fernández-Ramírez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

renewable energy sources
variable conditions
advanced applications
modelling
forecasting
management control
data monitoring
fault diagnosis
smart grids
energy harvesting

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

22 pages, 11135 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Breakwater as a Protection System against Aerodynamic Loads Acting on the Floating PV System

by Balram Panjwani

Energies 2024, 17(19), 4873; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17194873 - 28 Sep 2024

Viewed by 450

Abstract

Offshore floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems are subjected to significant aerodynamic forces, especially during extreme wind conditions. Accurate estimation of these forces is crucial for the proper design of mooring lines and connection systems. In this study, detailed CFD simulations were performed for various PV panel configurations, and using these CFD simulation correlations were developed to estimate lift and drag forces as a function of the number of panels. These correlations provide valuable tools for designing large-scale FPV systems with multiple PV modules. Additionally, this study investigates the potential of using breakwaters to reduce aerodynamic forces on FPV systems. Breakwaters, typically used to mitigate wave impacts, can also serve as wind barriers, significantly reducing wind forces before they reach the FPV array. Aerodynamic simulations with and without a breakwater were conducted using CFD to assess this effect. The results show a substantial reduction in lift and drag coefficients, especially for angles of attack up to 10 degrees, demonstrating the effectiveness of the breakwater in protecting the FPV system. However, beyond this threshold, the effectiveness of the breakwater of 2 m reduces. These findings highlight the importance of strategic breakwater placement and heights and their role in enhancing FPV system resilience. The insights gained from this study are critical for optimizing breakwater design and placement, ensuring the structural integrity and performance of FPV systems in varying environmental conditions. The data generated will also contribute to future design improvements for floating PV systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Application for Renewable Energy Sources: Modelling, Management Control, Data Monitoring, Health Management, Design and Improvement)

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22 pages, 2695 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Eco-Innovation Method for Sustainable Development of Energy-Producing Products Considering Quality and Life Cycle Assessment (QLCA)

by Dominika Siwiec and Andrzej Pacana

Energies 2024, 17(15), 3841; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17153841 - 4 Aug 2024

Viewed by 939

Abstract

The sustainability of products remains a challenge, mainly due to the lack of consistent approaches for simultaneously taking into account the key criteria of the concept in the process. This research aims to develop an eco-innovative QLCA method to create new product solutions that integrate quality (customer satisfaction) and environmental impact assessment throughout the product life cycle. The QLCA method includes: (i) product prototyping according to quality and environmental criteria; (ii) prospective assessment of the quality of prototypes, taking into account customer requirements; (iii) prospective life cycle assessment of product prototypes using a cradle-to-grave approach in accordance with ISO 14040; and (iv) setting the direction of product development while taking into account the fulfilment of customer expectations and the need to care for the environment throughout the product life cycle. Owing to the lack of previous research in this area, as well as the popularity of photovoltaic (PV) panels in reducing greenhouse gases, an illustration was obtained and test of the method was carried out on the example of silicon photovoltaic panel modules (Crystalline Si PV Module). In accordance with the adopted assumptions, the results of the QLCA method test showed that the modelled PV prototypes will, in most cases, be satisfactory for customers, but they still require improvement actions to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions throughout their life cycle. These activities should be consistent so as to achieve quality that satisfies customers. The QLCA method can be used by designers, managers, and decision-makers at the early stages of design, but also during the product maturity phase for its sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Application for Renewable Energy Sources: Modelling, Management Control, Data Monitoring, Health Management, Design and Improvement)

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25 pages, 6854 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unified Paradigm of Start-Up Strategy for Pumped Storage Hydropower Stations: Variable Universe Fuzzy PID Controller and Integrated Operation Optimization

by Baonan Liu, Mengyao Li, Yuan Yuan and Jie Liu

Energies 2024, 17(13), 3293; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17133293 - 4 Jul 2024

Viewed by 744

Abstract

A pumped storage unit is a crucial guarantee in the pursuit of increased clean energy, especially in the progressively severe circumstances of low energy utilization and poor coordination of the integration of volatile renewable energy. However, due to their bidirectional operation design, pumped turbines possess an S-characteristic attribution, wherein the unsteady phenomena of unit vibration, pressure pulsation, and cavitation erosion happen during the start-up process and greatly impact the stable connection to the power grid. Therefore, a systematic study concentrating on an optimal unified paradigm of a start-up strategy for a pumped storage plant is conducted. Model construction, effective analysis, controller design, and collaborative optimization are sequentially expounded. Firstly, a refined start-up nonlinear model of a pumped storage plant with complex boundary conditions is constructed, wherein the delay time of frequency measurement, saturation, and dead zone features are comprehensively taken account. Furthermore, a variable universe fuzzy PID controller and its operation laws are proposed and specifically designed for the speed governing system of the pumped storage plant; the control quality and anti-disturbance performance are verified by a no-load frequency disturbance experiment. On this basis, taking speed overshoot for stationarity and speed rising time for rapidity, a novel open–close loop collaborative fuzzy control strategy is proposed with rotational speed feedback and a variable universe fuzzy PID control. The experiment results show that the proposed unified paradigm has better control performance in various performance indexes, and more balanced control quality and dynamic performance under various complex start-up conditions, which has great application value for ensuring the unit’s timely response to the power grid regulation task and improving the operating stability of the power system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Application for Renewable Energy Sources: Modelling, Management Control, Data Monitoring, Health Management, Design and Improvement)

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24 pages, 5098 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Analysis of Three Vertical Axis Turbine Designs for Improved Water Energy Efficiency

by Derya Karakaya, Aslı Bor and Sebnem Elçi

Energies 2024, 17(6), 1398; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061398 - 14 Mar 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1613

Abstract

A hydrokinetic turbine with a vertical axis is specifically designed to harvest the kinetic energy from moving water. In this study, three vertical axis water turbines, namely Gorlov, Darrieus, and Savonius turbines, were compared for their efficiency via numerical modeling for steady-state conditions via the ANSYS 2022 R2 Fluent model. The Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations (SIMPLE) was implemented with an SST k-ω turbulence model. The dynamic mesh technique, which allows modeling according to changes in angular velocity at each time step, was used to simulate flow around the turbines for six different velocities (from 0.5 to 3 m/s). The efficiency of the turbines was compared and the results were analyzed. The pressure, velocity, and turbulence kinetic energy distributions around the rotor were measured at different rotational angles and results indicated a wider operating range for the Darrieus and Gorlov turbines compared to the Savonius turbine. The highest power coefficient of 0.293 was achieved in the model featuring a Darrieus turbine, corresponding to a TSR value of 1.34, compared to 0.208 for the Gorlov and 0.257 for the Savonius turbine, at TSR values of 1.3 and 1.06, respectively. Numerical modeling results pointed to a significantly higher self-starting capacity for the Savonius turbine compared to the others. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Application for Renewable Energy Sources: Modelling, Management Control, Data Monitoring, Health Management, Design and Improvement)

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14 pages, 1061 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wind Power Bidding Based on an Ensemble Differential Evolution Algorithm with a Problem-Specific Constraint-Handling Technique

by Chao Huang, Zhenyu Zhao, Qingwen Li, Xiong Luo and Long Wang

Energies 2024, 17(2), 380; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020380 - 12 Jan 2024

Viewed by 829

Abstract

The intermittent nature of wind power generation induces great challenges for power bidding in the electricity market. The deployment of battery energy storage can improve flexibility for power bidding. This paper investigates an optimal power bidding strategy for a wind–storage hybrid power plant in the day-ahead electricity market. To handle the challenges of the uncertainties of wind power generation and electricity prices, the optimal bidding problem is formulated as a risk-aware scenario-based stochastic programming, in which a number of scenarios are generated using a copula-based approach to represent the uncertainties. These scenarios consider the temporal correlation of wind power generation and electricity prices between consecutive time intervals. In the stochastic programming, a more practical but nonlinear battery operation cost function is considered, which leads to a nonlinear constrained optimization problem. To solve the nonlinear constrained optimization problem, an ensemble differential evolution (EDE) algorithm is proposed, which makes use of the merits of an ensemble of mutant operators to generate mutant vectors. Moreover, a problem-specific constraint-handling technique is developed. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed EDE algorithm, it is compared with state-of-the-art DE-based algorithms for constrained optimization problems, including a constrained composite DE (C²oDE) algorithm and a novel DE (NDE) algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the EDE algorithm is much more reliable and much faster in finding a better bidding strategy against benchmarking algorithms. More precisely, the average values of the success rate are 0.893, 0.667, and 0.96 for C²oDE, NDE, and EDE, respectively. Compared to C²oDE and NDE, the average value of the mean number of function evaluations to succeed with EDE is reduced by 76% and 59%, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Application for Renewable Energy Sources: Modelling, Management Control, Data Monitoring, Health Management, Design and Improvement)

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13 pages, 2790 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of the Influence of Load on the Value of Zero-Voltage Asymmetry in Medium-Voltage Networks Operating with Renewable Energy Sources

by Grzegorz Hołdyński, Zbigniew Skibko and Andrzej Borusiewicz

Energies 2023, 16(2), 580; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020580 - 4 Jan 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1324

Abstract

The phenomenon of voltage asymmetry is common in electricity networks and is the cause of many unfavourable phenomena occurring, such as an increase in power and energy losses, as well as the abnormal operation of certain loads. Voltage asymmetry can be caused by several different factors, which include the design of the transmission line (e.g., routing of conductors in relation to each other and the earth), the parameters of consumer circuits (e.g., unequal loading of individual phases), or the design of network equipment (e.g., generators or transformers). An asymmetrical condition also occurs during system disturbances such as single-phase short circuits or lightning. One of the many factors impinging on voltage asymmetry in the electrical network is also the effect of load, but in the case of medium voltage power networks, this effect is neglected in the literature. This paper presents and evaluates the influence of the power consumed by consumers on the values of zero-voltage asymmetry factor indices in medium voltage compensated power networks with the neutral point earthed by an inductance (Petersen coil) operating with wind and photovoltaic power plants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Application for Renewable Energy Sources: Modelling, Management Control, Data Monitoring, Health Management, Design and Improvement)

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Review

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36 pages, 1253 KiB

Open AccessReview

Renewable Energy Resources Technologies and Life Cycle Assessment: Review

by Mahmoud G. Hemeida, Ashraf M. Hemeida, Tomonobu Senjyu and Dina Osheba

Energies 2022, 15(24), 9417; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249417 - 12 Dec 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 6617

Abstract

Moving towards RER has become imperative to achieve sustainable development goals (SDG). Renewable energy resources (RER) are characterized by uncertainty whereas, most of them are unpredictable and variable according to climatic conditions. This paper focuses on RER-based electrical power plants as a base to achieve two different goals, SDG7 (obtaining reasonably priced clean energy) and SDG13 (reducing climate change). These goals in turn would support other environmental, social, and economic SDG. This study is constructed based on two pillars which are technological developments and life cycle assessment (LCA) for wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal power plants. To support the study and achieve the main point, many essential topics are presented in brief such as fossil fuels’ environmental impact, economic sustainability linkage to RER, the current contribution of RER in energy consumption worldwide and barriers and environmental effects of RER under consideration. As a result, solar and wind energy lead the RER electricity market with major contributions of 27.7% and 26.92%, respectively, biomass and geothermal are still of negligible contributions at 4.68% and 0.5%, respectively, offshore HAWT dominated other WT techniques, silicon-based PV cells dominated other solar PV technologies with 27% efficiency, combustion thermochemical energy conversion process dominated other biomass energy systems techniques, due to many concerns geothermal energy system is not preferable. Many emerging technologies need to receive more public attention, intensive research, financial support, and governmental facilities including effective policies and data availability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Application for Renewable Energy Sources: Modelling, Management Control, Data Monitoring, Health Management, Design and Improvement)

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