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Hybrid Battery Energy Storage System

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D: Energy Storage and Application".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 April 2025 | Viewed by 3032

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Mechatronics Research Group, Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
Interests: electrical machines; power electronics; energy storage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Energy Technologies Research Group, Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
Interests: energy storage; electric vehicles
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Energy Technologies Research Group, Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
Interests: electrochemical energy storage; aqueous electrolyte systems; flow batteries

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular with a market share of nearly 10%. In an effort to decarbonize transport, in the UK, the sale of new petrol and diesel cars will be banned by 2030, with a mandate that all new cars and vans are to have zero emissions across the UK and the European Union by 2035.

To maximize the decarbonising effect of the move toward EVs, the electricity used to charge them must be low on carbon. However, with an increased penetration of renewable generations technologies, such as solar or wind, subsequent installation of these technologies can come with challenges in terms of the maintenance of grid stability due to the variability in renewable generation and the difficulty of matching supply and demand.

Meeting these challenges for both EV and grid applications energy storage is essential. However, meeting the contradictory requirements of both high power density and high energy density, in addition to both short-term and long-term seasonal storage at an economic cost, remains a challenge for academia and industry.  

Hybrid energy storage systems take advantage of properties of different technologies to improve the performance, longevity, or cost of an energy storage project when compared to using a single storage technology. Such systems are often used in electric vehicles, with a bulk energy store with high specific energy, such as li-ion, combined with a high-power technology that reacts quickly, such as supercapacitors. This allows the vehicle to store energy, deliver and absorb power at a high rate during harsh acceleration and braking while also maintaining a reasonable range without having to oversize the battery. Additionally, increasingly, hybrid energy stores using both li-ion and lead-acid, for example, are being used to facilitate the installation of renewable energy generation.

In this regard, we invite you to submit research and review articles to this Special Issue on hybrid energy storage including electrical, electrochemical (batteries and fuel cells), mechanical (e.g., flywheels, compressed air or hydro), and thermal components covering fundamental physics or chemistry, modelling, system sizing optimisation, economics, energy management, dispatch optimisation, control, AI, power electronic interfaces, recycling, applications, engineering, practical field operational experience.

Prof. Dr. Suleiman Sharkh
Prof. Andrew Cruden
Prof. Richard Wills
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • energy storage
  • hybrid
  • power electronics
  • electrical machines
  • control
  • AI
  • economics
  • electrochemistry
  • optimisation
  • dispatch
  • energy management
  • recycling

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 11067 KiB  
Article
Robust Optimal Frequency Response Enhancement Using Energy Storage-Based Grid-Forming Converters
by Sharara Rehimi, Hassan Bevrani, Hadi Tarimoradi, Chiyori T. Urabe, Takeyoshi Kato and Toshiji Kato
Energies 2024, 17(19), 4948; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17194948 - 3 Oct 2024
Viewed by 568
Abstract
To enhance frequency and active power control performance, this research proposes a decentralized robust optimal tuning approach for power grid frequency regulation support using energy storage systems (ESSs) as the primary source of grid-forming (GFM) converters. The proposed approach employs the robust Kharitonov [...] Read more.
To enhance frequency and active power control performance, this research proposes a decentralized robust optimal tuning approach for power grid frequency regulation support using energy storage systems (ESSs) as the primary source of grid-forming (GFM) converters. The proposed approach employs the robust Kharitonov theory to find a family of stabilizing sets of a proportional-integral (PI)-based supplementary controller, which is used in the outer control layer of the GFM control system. A family of stabilizing parameter sets is found in the presence of system uncertainties and disturbances that are common in power grid operation. Then, using a developed Bayesian optimization algorithm, an optimal set of parameters is determined among the mentioned family member sets. The proposed sophisticated combination of a robust control theorem and an optimization algorithm provides a promising solution for the robust and optimal tuning of control system parameters in ESS-based GFM converters. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated via simulation and laboratory real-time experiment results for a given detailed case study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Battery Energy Storage System)
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31 pages, 4193 KiB  
Article
Techno-Economic Planning of a Fully Renewable Energy-Based Autonomous Microgrid with Both Single and Hybrid Energy Storage Systems
by Mobin Naderi, Diane Palmer, Matthew J. Smith, Erica E. F. Ballantyne, David A. Stone, Martin P. Foster, Daniel T. Gladwin, Amirhossein Khazali, Yazan Al-Wreikat, Andrew Cruden and Ewan Fraser
Energies 2024, 17(4), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17040788 - 6 Feb 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1674
Abstract
This paper presents both the techno-economic planning and a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of an off-grid fully renewable energy-based microgrid (MG) intended to be used as an electric vehicle (EV) charging station. Different possible plans are compared using technical, economic, and techno-economic characteristics for [...] Read more.
This paper presents both the techno-economic planning and a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of an off-grid fully renewable energy-based microgrid (MG) intended to be used as an electric vehicle (EV) charging station. Different possible plans are compared using technical, economic, and techno-economic characteristics for different numbers of wind turbines and solar panels, and both single and hybrid energy storage systems (ESSs) composed of new Li-ion, second-life Li-ion, and new lead–acid batteries. A modified cost of energy (MCOE) index including EVs’ unmet energy penalties and present values of ESSs is proposed, which can combine both important technical and economic criteria together to enable a techno-economic decision to be made. Bi-objective and multi-objective decision-making are provided using the MCOE, total met load, and total costs in which different plans are introduced as the best plans from different aspects. The number of wind turbines and solar panels required for the case study is obtained with respect to the ESS capacity using weather data and assuming EV demand according to the EV population data, which can be generalized to other case studies according to the presented modelling. Through studies on hybrid-ESS-supported MGs, the impact of two different global energy management systems (EMSs) on techno-economic characteristics is investigated, including a power-sharing-based and a priority-based EMS. Single Li-ion battery ESSs in both forms, new and second-life, show the best plans according to the MCOE and total met load; however, the second-life Li-ion shows lower total costs. The hybrid ESSs of both the new and second-life Li-ion battery ESSs show the advantages of both the new and second-life types, i.e., deeper depths of discharge and cheaper plans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Battery Energy Storage System)
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