Energies

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18 pages, 1631 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating the Impact of Fossil Fuel Vehicle Exit on the Oil Demand in China

by Ziru Feng, Tian Cai, Kangli Xiang, Chenxi Xiang and Lei Hou

Energies 2019, 12(14), 2771; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12142771 - 19 Jul 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2557

Vehicle ownership is one of the most important factors affecting fuel demand. Based on the forecast of China’s vehicle ownership, this paper estimates China’s fuel demand in 2035 and explores the impact of new energy vehicles replacing fossil fuel vehicles. The paper contributes [...] Read more.

Vehicle ownership is one of the most important factors affecting fuel demand. Based on the forecast of China’s vehicle ownership, this paper estimates China’s fuel demand in 2035 and explores the impact of new energy vehicles replacing fossil fuel vehicles. The paper contributes to the existing literature by taking into account the heterogeneity of provinces when using the Gompertz model to forecast future vehicle ownership. On that basis, the fuel demand of each province in 2035 is calculated. The results show that: (1) The vehicle ownership rate of each province conforms to the S-shape trend with the growth of real GDP per capita. At present, most provinces are at a stage of accelerating growth. However, the time for the vehicle ownership rate of each province to reach the inflection point is quite different. (2) Without considering the replacement of new energy vehicles, China’s auto fuel demand is expected to be 746.69 million tonnes (Mt) in 2035. Guangdong, Henan, and Shandong are the top three provinces with the highest fuel demand due to economic and demographic factors. The fuel demand is expected to be 76.76, 64.91, and 63.95 Mt, respectively. (3) Considering the replacement of new energy vehicles, China’s fuel demand in 2035 will be 709.35, 634.68, and 560.02 Mt, respectively, under the scenarios of slow, medium, and fast substitution—and the replacement levels are 37.34, 112.01, and 186.67 Mt, respectively. Under the scenario of rapid substitution, the reduction in fuel demand will reach 52.2% of China’s net oil imports in 2016. Therefore, the withdrawal of fuel vehicles will greatly reduce the oil demand and the dependence on foreign oil of China. Faced with the dual pressure of environmental crisis and energy crisis, the forecast results of this paper provide practical reference for policy makers to rationally design the future fuel vehicle exit plan and solve related environmental issues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 8th Annual Conference of Energy Economics and Management)

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18 pages, 1297 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Co-Movement and Asymmetry between Energy and Grain Prices: Evidence from the Crude Oil and Corn Markets

by Zhan-Ming Chen, Liyuan Wang, Xiao-Bing Zhang and Xinye Zheng

Energies 2019, 12(7), 1373; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12071373 - 9 Apr 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2980

Abstract

This paper investigates the co-movement and asymmetric interactions between energy and grain prices, based on the evidence from the crude oil and corn markets, the most important energy and grain markets, respectively. Time series analysis indicates that there is a consistent trend between [...] Read more.

This paper investigates the co-movement and asymmetric interactions between energy and grain prices, based on the evidence from the crude oil and corn markets, the most important energy and grain markets, respectively. Time series analysis indicates that there is a consistent trend between the crude oil price and corn price with a significant positive correlation coefficient 0.7471 during the sampling period, from January 2008 to February 2016. In addition, we find that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between the two commodities’ prices. Moreover, while linear Granger causality tests suggest that there is a two-way Granger causality relationship between the price changes in the two markets, non-linear Granger causality tests suggest that there is only a one-way causality relationship from corn to oil price. However, both linear and non-linear Granger causality tests indicate the asymmetry of causality relationship between the two markets (the price change in corn market can more significantly Granger cause the change in crude oil market). Further analysis suggests that the contribution of the corn market to price discovery in a large commodity market is larger than that of the crude oil market. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 8th Annual Conference of Energy Economics and Management)

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17 pages, 10967 KiB

Open AccessArticle

SWOT Analysis for the Promotion of Energy Efficiency in Rural Buildings: A Case Study of China

by Lin Zhang, Shan Guo, Zezhou Wu, Ahmed Alsaedi and Tasawar Hayat

Energies 2018, 11(4), 851; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11040851 - 5 Apr 2018

Cited by 36 | Viewed by 7833

Abstract

Over half of China’s total energy consumption is attributed to rural buildings. However, unlike the research into urban areas, few studies have explored the problems of building energy efficiency (BEE) in rural China. This study aims to establish an appropriate strategic plan for [...] Read more.

Over half of China’s total energy consumption is attributed to rural buildings. However, unlike the research into urban areas, few studies have explored the problems of building energy efficiency (BEE) in rural China. This study aims to establish an appropriate strategic plan for promoting rural BEE (RBEE) in China by conducting a strength-weakness-opportunity-threat (SWOT) analysis. Analysis data are obtained from multiple sources, including a comprehensive literature review, governmental reports, related regulations, and semi-structured interviews with a number of critical stakeholders. A matrix of the SWOT analysis is derived to reveal the drivers and barriers in the course of implementing RBEE. Five critical strategies are proposed. We also attempt to explore the internal and external conditions of RBEE in China, which can contribute to the customization and prioritization of policy recommendations for the Chinese government. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 8th Annual Conference of Energy Economics and Management)

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20 pages, 9681 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Recurrence Interval Difference of Power Load in Heavy/Light Industries of China

by Chi Zhang, Zhengning Pu and Jiasha Fu

Energies 2018, 11(1), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11010106 - 3 Jan 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3388

Abstract

The significant fluctuation of industrial electricity consumption has a high impact on power load, which makes the research on recurrence intervals between extreme events of theoretical and practical significance. The study uses a high-frequency data of heavy and light industries and employs recurrence [...] Read more.

The significant fluctuation of industrial electricity consumption has a high impact on power load, which makes the research on recurrence intervals between extreme events of theoretical and practical significance. The study uses a high-frequency data of heavy and light industries and employs recurrence interval analysis in different thresholds. We find that the reoccurrence interval of volatility can fit with the stretched exponential function and the probability density functions of recurrence intervals in various thresholds shows a scaling behavior. Then, the conditional probability density function and the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis demonstrate the existence of short-range correlation, long-range correlation, and multifractal properties, respectively. We further construct a hazard function, introduce recurrence intervals into VaR calculation and establish a functional relationship between average recurrence interval and threshold. Following this result, we also shed light on policy discussion for multi-industrial electricity supply management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 8th Annual Conference of Energy Economics and Management)

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493 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Dynamic Efficiency of Public Policy Promote Export Prformance? Evidence from Bioenergy Technology Sector

by Bongsuk Sung and Woo-Yong Song

Energies 2017, 10(12), 2131; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10122131 - 14 Dec 2017

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2976

Abstract

This study examines how the dynamic efficiency of public policy influences the export performance of bioenergy technologies in the short and long run using panel data over the 1995–2012 period for 16 countries that are members of the OECD. Various dynamic panel framework [...] Read more.

This study examines how the dynamic efficiency of public policy influences the export performance of bioenergy technologies in the short and long run using panel data over the 1995–2012 period for 16 countries that are members of the OECD. Various dynamic panel framework tests to check data characteristics are performed. The study found evidence of co-movement among the series, and set up the panel vector error correction mechanism to evaluate the short- and long-run Granger-causality between the following variables: dynamic efficiency of public policy, export, and environmental policy stringency. This study highlighted positive effects of the dynamic efficiency of public policy and environmental policy efforts on exports in both the short and long run. This study proposes policy considerations based on its results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 8th Annual Conference of Energy Economics and Management)

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2882 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wide Area Coordinated Control of Multi-FACTS Devices to Damp Power System Oscillations

by Shiyun Xu, Ying Yang, Kaixiang Peng, Linlin Li, Tasawar Hayat and Ahmed Alsaedi

Energies 2017, 10(12), 2130; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10122130 - 14 Dec 2017

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3694

Abstract

Aiming at damping the inter-area oscillations of power systems, the present study proposes a wide-area decentralized coordinated control framework, where the upper-level controller is designed to coordinate the lower-level multiple FACTS devices. Based on the polytopic differential inclusion method, the derived controller adopts [...] Read more.

Aiming at damping the inter-area oscillations of power systems, the present study proposes a wide-area decentralized coordinated control framework, where the upper-level controller is designed to coordinate the lower-level multiple FACTS devices. Based on the polytopic differential inclusion method, the derived controller adopts a decentralized structure and it is guaranteed to be robust to meet the demand of operation under multiple operating conditions. Since time delay of wide area signal transmission is inevitable, in what follows, the quantum evolution algorithm (QEA) method is introduced to find an optimal solution of the time-delay coordinated controller. In this regard, the stability of the system with a prescribed time delay is guaranteed and the system damping ratio is increased. Effectiveness and applicability of the proposed controller design methods have been demonstrated through numerical simulations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 8th Annual Conference of Energy Economics and Management)

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2748 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on CO₂ Emission Reduction Mechanism of China’s Iron and Steel Industry under Various Emission Reduction Policies

by Ye Duan, Nan Li, Hailin Mu and Shusen Gui

Energies 2017, 10(12), 2026; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10122026 - 1 Dec 2017

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4781

Abstract

In this paper, a two-stage dynamic game model of China’s iron and steel industry is constructed. Carbon tax levy, product subsidy, carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) and other factors are included in the emission reduction mechanism. The effects of emissions reduction and the [...] Read more.

In this paper, a two-stage dynamic game model of China’s iron and steel industry is constructed. Carbon tax levy, product subsidy, carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) and other factors are included in the emission reduction mechanism. The effects of emissions reduction and the economic impact of China’s overall steel industry (and that of its six main regions) are investigated for the first time under different scenarios. As new findings, we report the following: (1) Not all factors declined. The overall social welfare, consumer surplus, output and emissions decrease with a gradual increase in the reduction target, whereas the carbon tax value, unit value of product subsidies and total subsidies show a rising trend; (2) A combination of multiple emissions reduction policies is more effective than a single policy. With the implementation of a combined policy, regional output polarization has eased; (3) Steel output does not exceed 950 million tons, far below the current peak. These results will help the industry to formulate reasonable emissions reduction and output targets. In short, in effort to eliminate industry poverty and to alleviate overcapacity, the industry should not only adopt the various coordinated reduction policies, but also fully consider regional differences and reduction needs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 8th Annual Conference of Energy Economics and Management)

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1937 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Coal Supply Chains: A Whole-Process-Based Measurement of Carbon Emissions in a Mining City of China

by Guangfang Luo, Jianjun Zhang, Yongheng Rao, Xiaolei Zhu and Yiqiang Guo

Energies 2017, 10(11), 1855; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10111855 - 13 Nov 2017

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6195

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to understand the carbon emissions in the coal supply chains of a mining city. The paper employed a conceptual methodology for the estimation of carbon emissions in the four processes of coal mining, selection and washing, transportation [...] Read more.

The purpose of the study is to understand the carbon emissions in the coal supply chains of a mining city. The paper employed a conceptual methodology for the estimation of carbon emissions in the four processes of coal mining, selection and washing, transportation and consumption. The results show that the total carbon emission of the coal supply chain in Wu’an is up to 3.51 × 10¹⁰ kg and is mainly sourced from the coal mining and consumption, respectively accounting for 13.10% and 84.62%, which indicates that deep coal processing plays a more critical determinant in coal production and consumption. Among the pillar industries, the carbon emissions from the steel industry accounts for 85.41% of the total in the coal consumption process, which indicates that the structure of carbon emissions is dependent on the local industrial structure. Additionally, the carbon directly from CO₂ accounts for 89.46%. Our study is not only to be able to supply references for the formulation strategy of a low carbon city, but also to provide a new approach to urban development patterns with a new view for coal resource management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 8th Annual Conference of Energy Economics and Management)

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