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Environmental Impact of New Energy Technologies
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Environmental Impact of New Energy Technologies

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B: Energy and Environment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 6021

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Syu-Ruei Jhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
Interests: mobile source emission; energy life cycle assessment; green energy (hydrogen, bio-fuel); air pollutants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sheng-Lun Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100811, China
Interests: emission control technologies; emissions from new/green energy; combustion aerosol particle; fine/ultrafine particle; source apportionment; persistent organic pollutants; hazardous air pollutants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants are the main causes for accelerating the trend of global warming and induce human health problems.

The transportation sector could be the largest contributor of air pollutant emissions in comparison to other sectors and it frequently exceeds air quality targets. In this context, environmental protection is considered as a crucial factor in the evolution of future transportation energy utilization. In order to promote emerging ideas, a comprehensive investigation and quantification of their impacts are essential. For instance, the well-to-wheel life cycle analysis involves tracking the vehicle technologies, fuels, products and new energy systems, which can support future energy evaluations in the transportation model, policy implementation, strategies, further emission control and emission inventory.

Therefore, we kindly invite contributions addressing different current topics related to the energy assessment and their impacts on GHGs, the evaluation of energy use as well as emission contributions, alternative and green energy applications on mobile source emissions, control strategies, comparative assessment of energy use and energy consumption from a policy perspective, and regulated and unregulated emissions in the transportation sector.

Dr. Syu-Ruei Jhang
Prof. Dr. Sheng-Lun Lin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Environmental impact
  • Greenhouse gases and air pollutants
  • Emission control strategies
  • Life cycle assessment
  • Future transportation energy utilization
  • Energy consumption and efficiency
  • Perspectives on energy policy

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2031 KiB  
Article
On-Road and Laboratory Emissions from Three Gasoline Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles-Part 2: Solid Particle Number Emissions
by Anastasios Melas, Tommaso Selleri, Jacopo Franzetti, Christian Ferrarese, Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa and Barouch Giechaskiel
Energies 2022, 15(14), 5266; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15145266 - 20 Jul 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1323
Abstract
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are a promising technology for reducing the tailpipe emissions of CO2 as well as air pollutants, especially in urban environments. However, several studies raise questions over their after-treatment exhaust efficiency when their internal combustion engine (ICE) ignites. [...] Read more.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are a promising technology for reducing the tailpipe emissions of CO2 as well as air pollutants, especially in urban environments. However, several studies raise questions over their after-treatment exhaust efficiency when their internal combustion engine (ICE) ignites. The rationale is the high ICE load during the cold start in combination with the cold conditions of the after-treatment devices. In this study, we measured the solid particle number (SPN) emissions of two Euro 6d and one Euro 6d-TEMP gasoline direct injection (GDI) PHEVs (electric range 52–61 km) all equipped with a gasoline particulate filter, in the laboratory and on-road with different states of charge of the rechargeable electric energy storage system (REESS) and ambient temperatures. All vehicles met the regulation limits but it was observed that, even for fully charged REESS, when the ICE ignited SPN emissions were similar or even higher in some cases compared to the operation of these vehicles solely with their ICE (discharged REESS) and also when compared to conventional GDI vehicles. On-road SPN emission rate spikes during the first 30 s after a cold start were, on average, 2 to 15 times higher with charged compared to discharged REESS due to higher SPN concentrations and exhaust flow rates. For one vehicle in the laboratory under identical driving conditions, the ICE ignition at high load resulted in 10-times-higher SPN emission rate spikes at cold-start compared to hot-start. At −10 °C, for all tested vehicles, the ICE ignited at the beginning of the cycle even when the REESS was fully charged, and SPN emissions increased from 30% to 80% compared to the cycle at 23 °C in which the ICE ignited. The concentration of particles below 23 nm, which is the currently regulated lower particle size, was low (≤18%), showing that particles larger than 23 nm were mainly emitted irrespective of cold or hot engine operation and ambient temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Impact of New Energy Technologies)
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15 pages, 1361 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Systems for the Production of District Heating Using Meat-Bone Meal as Biofuel: A Polish Case Study
by Zygmunt Kowalski and Agnieszka Makara
Energies 2022, 15(10), 3615; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103615 - 15 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1623
Abstract
The developed production of heat (steam) by Farmutil Company enables use of renewable energy from biofuel meat-bone meal which is incinerated in rotary kilns utilising vapours and odours from its production, instead of natural gas, to ensure Farmutil’s own needs for heat. The [...] Read more.
The developed production of heat (steam) by Farmutil Company enables use of renewable energy from biofuel meat-bone meal which is incinerated in rotary kilns utilising vapours and odours from its production, instead of natural gas, to ensure Farmutil’s own needs for heat. The transformation of existing district heating in Piła city (currently using coal) into a fourth generation district heating system was proposed, predicting the use of heat (hot water) after combustion of biofuel meat-bone meal as district heating in the city of Piła. The maximum possible surplus amount of heat that can be produced at Farmutil exceeds the needs for the district heating demands of the city of Piła (860,200 GJ/y) by 53.2% at a meat-bone meal burning scale of 150,000 t/y. The use of 52,000 t/y of meat-bone meal for district heating production also results in an increase in incomes through the sale of hydroxyapatite ash from its combustion, amounting 1.638 million EUR/y. The closure of the coal-fired heating plant eliminates the consumption of 44,000 t/y of coal and the need to pay CO2 emission permits amount to over 5.588 million EUR/y. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Impact of New Energy Technologies)
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18 pages, 19058 KiB  
Article
On-Road and Laboratory Emissions from Three Gasoline Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles—Part 1: Regulated and Unregulated Gaseous Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases
by Tommaso Selleri, Anastasios D. Melas, Jacopo Franzetti, Christian Ferrarese, Barouch Giechaskiel and Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa
Energies 2022, 15(7), 2401; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072401 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2045
Abstract
Road transport is a relevant source of greenhouse gas emissions. In order to meet the European decarbonisation targets, the share of electrified vehicles, including battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), is rapidly growing, becoming the second most popular powertrain in [...] Read more.
Road transport is a relevant source of greenhouse gas emissions. In order to meet the European decarbonisation targets, the share of electrified vehicles, including battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), is rapidly growing, becoming the second most popular powertrain in the European market. PHEVs are of interest since they are expected to deliver a reduction in gaseous pollutants such as NOx as well as in greenhouse gases such as CO2. Herein, we explored both categories of emissions for three PHEVs with gasoline direct-injection engines, meeting the latest European emission standards (Euro 6d and Euro 6d-TEMP). They were studied in laboratory and on the road, in different modalities and temperatures. All tested vehicles met the Euro 6 emission limits in the Worldwide Harmonised Light-Duty Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) and the real driving emissions (RDE) test procedure. Still, when their internal combustion engine ignited even for a few km, their emissions were comparable to, and in some cases higher than, the average emissions reported for a fleet of eight conventional Euro 6d-TEMP gasoline direct-injection vehicles. The tested PHEVs presented similar trends to those of conventional vehicles, such as the increase in all pollutants considered at low ambient temperature or the high CO emissions during acceleration events, concomitantly with NH3. Moreover, depending on the boundary conditions, emissions were higher for the vehicles with a battery fully charged with respect to tests performed with the depleted battery. Furthermore, the use of an operating mode that allowed charging the vehicles’ high voltage battery using the internal combustion engine had a very strong impact on the vehicles’ CO2 emissions, offsetting the benefits in terms of greenhouse gas reduction demonstrated in other conditions. The results indicate that for the sample tested, the expected reduction in pollutants emission due to the presence of a hybrid gasoline-electric traction seemed in some cases limited, also showing high variability. CO2 emissions were also affected by the initial state of charge of the vehicles’ high voltage battery as well as from the user-selectable operating mode, also in this case with high variability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Impact of New Energy Technologies)
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