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Fire
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State-of-the-Art on Hydrogen Combustion
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State-of-the-Art on Hydrogen Combustion

A special issue of Fire (ISSN 2571-6255). This special issue belongs to the section "Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation of Combustion and Fire".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 9025

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Alexey D. Kiverin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Interests: hydrogen self-ignition; hydrogen/air combustion; flame propagation; transition to detonation; numerical analysis
Dr. Pavel N. Krivosheyev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
A.V. Luikov Heat and MAss Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
Interests: hydrogen safety; hydrogen/air combustion; flame propagation; transition to detonation; experimental analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of the Special Issue is to gather comprehensive data about the kinetics and gasdynamics of hydrogen combustion. Nowadays, hydrogen is considered as a prospective energy carrier, so the issues arise concerning the effective and safe use, storage and transport. To get a clear understanding how to develop the strategy of hydrogen energy it is important to understand how the hydrogen combustion and explosion develop both under controlled conditions inside combustors and in the course of accidents.

The scope of the Special Issue includes the issues related but not limited to:

  • hydrogen oxidation kinetics;
  • hydrogen explosion;
  • hydrogen combustion including deflagration and turbulent combustion;
  • hydrogen detonation;
  • concentration flammability limits;
  • control of hydrogen combustion;
  • experimental study of hydrogen combustion;
  • numerical study of hydrogen combustion. 

Prof. Dr. Alexey D. Kiverin
Dr. Pavel N. Krivosheyev
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fire is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2663 KiB  
Article
Ignition Delay and Reaction Time Measurements of Hydrogen–Air Mixtures at High Temperatures
by Yauhen Baranyshyn, Vyacheslav Kuzmitski, Oleg Penyazkov and Kirill Sevrouk
Fire 2024, 7(2), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7020043 - 30 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1225
Abstract
Induction and reaction times of hydrogen–air mixtures (ϕ = 0.5–2) have been measured behind reflected shock waves at temperatures of 1000–1600 K, pressures of 0.1, 0.3, 0.6 MPa in the domain of the extended second explosion limit. The measurements were performed in the [...] Read more.
Induction and reaction times of hydrogen–air mixtures (ϕ = 0.5–2) have been measured behind reflected shock waves at temperatures of 1000–1600 K, pressures of 0.1, 0.3, 0.6 MPa in the domain of the extended second explosion limit. The measurements were performed in the shock tube with a completely transparent test section of 0.5 m long, which provides pressure, ion current, OH and high-speed chemiluminescence observations. The experimental induction time plots demonstrate a clear increasing of the global activation energy from high- to low temperature post-shock conditions. This trend is strongly pronounced at higher post-shock pressures. For a high-temperature range of T > 1200 K, induction time measurements show an activation energy for the global reaction rate of hydrogen oxidation of 64–83 kJ/mole. Detected reaction times exhibit a big scatter and a weak temperature dependence. The minimum reaction time value was nearly 2 µs. Obtained induction time data were compared with calculations carried out in accordance with the known kinetic mechanisms. For current and former shock-tube experiments within a pressure range of 0.1–2 MPa, critical temperatures required for strong (1000–1100 K), transient and weak auto-ignition modes behind reflected shock waves were identified by means of the pressure and ion-probe measurements in stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture. The transfer from the strong volumetric self-ignition near the reflecting wall to the hot spot ignition (transient) was established and visualized below <1200 K with a post-shock temperature decreasing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art on Hydrogen Combustion)
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13 pages, 550 KiB  
Article
Activation Energy of Hydrogen–Methane Mixtures
by Anastasia Moroshkina, Alina Ponomareva, Vladimir Mislavskii, Evgeniy Sereshchenko, Vladimir Gubernov, Viatcheslav Bykov and Sergey Minaev
Fire 2024, 7(2), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7020042 - 29 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1531
Abstract
In this work, the overall activation energy of the combustion of lean hydrogen–methane–air mixtures (equivalence ratio φ = 0.7−1.0 and hydrogen fraction in methane α=0, 2, 4) is experimentally determined using thin-filament pyrometry of flames stabilised on a flat porous [...] Read more.
In this work, the overall activation energy of the combustion of lean hydrogen–methane–air mixtures (equivalence ratio φ = 0.7−1.0 and hydrogen fraction in methane α=0, 2, 4) is experimentally determined using thin-filament pyrometry of flames stabilised on a flat porous burner under normal conditions (p=1 bar, T = 20 °C). The experimental data are compared with numerical calculations within the detailed reaction mechanism GRI3.0 and both approaches confirm the linear correlation between mass flow rate and inverse flame temperature predicted in the theory. An analysis of the numerical and experimental data shows that, in the limit of lean hydrogen–methane–air mixtures, the activation energy approaches a constant value, which is not sensitive to the addition of hydrogen to methane. The mass flow rate for a freely propagating flame and, thus, the laminar burning velocity, are measured for mixtures with different hydrogen contents. This mass flow rate, scaled over the characteristic temperature dependence of the laminar burning velocity for a one-step reaction mechanism, is found and it can also be used in order to estimate the parameters of the overall reaction mechanisms. Such reaction mechanisms will find implementation in the numerical simulation of practical combustion devices with complex flows and geometries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art on Hydrogen Combustion)
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11 pages, 6377 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Biofuels Addition on Shock-Induced Ignition and Combustion of Methane–Hydrogen Mixtures
by Alexander Drakon and Alexander Eremin
Fire 2023, 6(12), 460; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6120460 - 04 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1218
Abstract
The ignition and combustion of three-component methane–hydrogen biofuel mixtures, considered as prospective fuels, were experimentally and numerically studied. Ignition delays in argon-diluted methane–hydrogen mixtures partially substituted with methanol or dimethyl ether were measured behind reflected shock waves in a temperature range of 1050–1900 [...] Read more.
The ignition and combustion of three-component methane–hydrogen biofuel mixtures, considered as prospective fuels, were experimentally and numerically studied. Ignition delays in argon-diluted methane–hydrogen mixtures partially substituted with methanol or dimethyl ether were measured behind reflected shock waves in a temperature range of 1050–1900 K at pressures of 3.5–5.5 bar. The obtained results were used for validation of modern kinetic mechanisms for hydrocarbons combustion. Numerical modeling of the combustion of the considered fuels in air at elevated pressures and temperatures was carried out, simulating typical engine compressed conditions, and the dependencies of key parameters such as flame velocity and temperature on fuel composition were obtained. The results of the study can be used in developing new energy technologies, reducing the environmental impact of hydrocarbon combustion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art on Hydrogen Combustion)
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13 pages, 7151 KiB  
Article
The Formation of a Flame Front in a Hydrogen–Air Mixture during Spark Ignition in a Semi-Open Channel with a Porous Coating
by Sergey Golovastov, Grigory Bivol, Fyodor Kuleshov and Victor Golub
Fire 2023, 6(12), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6120453 - 28 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1109
Abstract
An experimental study of ignition and flame front propagation during spark initiation in a hydrogen–air mixture in a semi-open channel with a porous coating is reported. The bottom surface of the channel was covered with a porous layer made of porous polyurethane or [...] Read more.
An experimental study of ignition and flame front propagation during spark initiation in a hydrogen–air mixture in a semi-open channel with a porous coating is reported. The bottom surface of the channel was covered with a porous layer made of porous polyurethane or steel wool. The measurements were carried out for a stoichiometric mixture (equivalence ratio ER = 1.0) and for a lean mixture (ER = 0.4) of hydrogen with air, where ER is the molar excess of hydrogen. The flame front was recorded with a high-speed camera using the shadow method. Depending on the pore size, the velocity of the flame front and the sizes of disturbances generated on the surface of the flame front were determined. Qualitative features of the deflagration flame front at ER = 0.4, consisting of disturbances resembling small balls of flame, were discovered. The sizes of these disturbances significantly exceed the analytical values for the Darrieus–Landau instability. The effect of coatings made of porous polyurethane or steel wool is compared with the results obtained for an empty smooth channel. Depending on the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen–air mixture, the velocity of the flame front compared to a smooth channel was three times higher when the channel was covered with steel wool and five times higher when the channel was covered with porous polyurethane. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art on Hydrogen Combustion)
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12 pages, 2813 KiB  
Article
Shock Tube Study of Ignition Delay Times for Hydrogen–Oxygen Mixtures
by Valery Pavlov, Gennady Gerasimov, Vladimir Levashov, Pavel Kozlov, Igor Zabelinsky and Natalia Bykova
Fire 2023, 6(11), 435; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6110435 - 11 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1470
Abstract
This paper presents the results of measurements of ignition delay times in hydrogen–oxygen mixtures highly diluted with argon. The experiments were carried out behind an incident shock wave at temperatures from 870 to 2500 K, pressures from 0.5 to 1.5 atm, and equivalence [...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of measurements of ignition delay times in hydrogen–oxygen mixtures highly diluted with argon. The experiments were carried out behind an incident shock wave at temperatures from 870 to 2500 K, pressures from 0.5 to 1.5 atm, and equivalence ratios from 0.1 to 2.0. The results obtained were processed in terms of the partial pressure of the combustible mixture stoichiometric part that is consumed in the combustion process. An almost linear dependence of the ignition delay time on the reciprocal value of the partial pressure was found for both rich and lean mixtures. The measured data are compared with calculations based on the previously developed kinetic model and experimental data from other authors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art on Hydrogen Combustion)
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12 pages, 1787 KiB  
Article
Numerical Modeling of Hydrogen Combustion: Approaches and Benchmarks
by Ivan Yakovenko and Alexey Kiverin
Fire 2023, 6(6), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6060239 - 16 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1450
Abstract
The paper is devoted to the analysis of two different approaches for the numerical simulation of gaseous combustion. The first one is based on a full system of Navier-Stokes equations describing the dynamics of the compressible reactive medium, while the second one utilizes [...] Read more.
The paper is devoted to the analysis of two different approaches for the numerical simulation of gaseous combustion. The first one is based on a full system of Navier-Stokes equations describing the dynamics of the compressible reactive medium, while the second one utilizes low-Mach number approximation. The compressible model is realized by the traditional low-order numerical scheme and the contemporary CABARET method. The low-Mach approach is implemented on the base of a widely known FDS numerical scheme. The benefits and disadvantages of compressible and low-Mach approaches are discussed and demonstrated on a specially developed set of problem setups, applicable for validation and verification of the numerical methods for combustion analysis. In particular, the laminar flame velocity test, spherical bomb test, and multidimensional modeling of combustion development inside the rectangular closed vessel are performed via both techniques that allowed to determine the applicability limits of the low-Mach number approximation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art on Hydrogen Combustion)
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