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Fishes
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Application of Protein and Amino Acid in Aquaculture Feed
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Application of Protein and Amino Acid in Aquaculture Feed

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Feeding".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2024 | Viewed by 4794

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yuliang Wei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
Interests: aquaculture nutrition; alternative protein source; protein metabolism; amino acid metabolism; protein hydrolysate; nutrient requirement

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aquaculture has been developing rapidly since 1986 based on the data of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Fishmeal has remained the main protein source of choice, as it contains a high protein content, adequate essential amino acid (including taurine), and no anti-nutritional factors. Since the resource of wild pelagic fish species used for fishmeal production are finite, fishmeal shortages will continue to increase because of the increase in aquaculture production. Thus, the sustainable development of aquaculture requires reducing its dependence on fishmeal.

The address to fishmeal shortage is to require the continuous search for all potential alternative protein sources, including plant, terrestrial animal, and single-cell protein sources. Apart from that, it is necessary to have a refined understanding of protein and amino acid nutrition, which will help for the nutritional shortcomings of alternative protein sources. This Special Issue aims to investigate the innovative protein and amino acid in aquaculture feed that can reduce fishmeal in feed formulation and improve sustainability in aquaculture production.

Dr. Yuliang Wei
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aquaculture nutrition
  • alternative protein source
  • protein metabolism
  • amino acid metabolism
  • protein hydrolysate
  • nutrient requirement

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1437 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dietary Fish Meal Replaced by Cottonseed Protein Concentrate on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Liver and Intestinal Health of Juvenile Hybrid Culter
by Guangming Xu, Huijie Wei, Di Peng, Lang Zhang, Xing Lu, Qing Li, Lixue Dong, Juan Tian, Hua Wen, Guiying Wang and Ming Jiang
Fishes 2024, 9(4), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9040127 - 31 Mar 2024
Viewed by 653
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of concentrated cottonseed protein (CPC) as a substitute for fishmeal (FM) in juvenile hybrid culter (Erythroculter ilishaeformis ♀ × Ancherythroculter nigrocauda ♂). A total of 360 fish with an initial body [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of concentrated cottonseed protein (CPC) as a substitute for fishmeal (FM) in juvenile hybrid culter (Erythroculter ilishaeformis ♀ × Ancherythroculter nigrocauda ♂). A total of 360 fish with an initial body weight of 10.0 ± 0.5 g were randomly allocated into 12 indoor culture tanks, with each tank containing 30 fish. Four diets were formulated in which fish meal (FM) was replaced by CPC at different inclusion levels: 0% (T0), 15% (T15), 30% (T30), and 45% (T45). The corresponding amounts of CPC included were 0, 61, 122, and 182 g/kg, respectively. At the end of the 10-week feeding trial, the findings revealed an inverse correlation between the proportion of CPC replacing FM and both final body weight (FBW) and weight growth rate (WG) in hybrid culter. Specifically, the T30 and T45 groups exhibited significantly lower FBW and WG compared to the T0 group (p < 0.05). No significant differences in crude protein and ash contents were observed among all groups (p > 0.05). However, the crude lipid content was highest in hybrid culter fed the T45 diet and lowest in the T0 group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in muscle amino acid composition among all treatment groups (p > 0.05). The contents of total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) declined slightly as the proportion of FM substituted by CPC increased, yet this decline did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity elevated with increasing dietary CPC, and the T45 group exhibited significantly higher ALT activity compared to the T0 group (p < 0.05). The hepatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly lower in the T45 group than in the T0 and T15 groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a decrease in intestinal villi length with an increasing replacement ratio of FM by CPC, and the villi length in the T45 group exhibited a significant reduction when compared to that in the T0 group (p < 0.05). It is concluded that replacing 15% FM with CPC does not exert obviously detrimental effects on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, intestinal morphology, muscle amino acid profile, or antioxidant performance of juvenile hybrid culter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Protein and Amino Acid in Aquaculture Feed)
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15 pages, 672 KiB  
Article
The Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal Can Cost-Effectively Replace Fish Meal in Practical Nursery Diets for Post-Larval Penaeus vannamei under High-Density Culture
by Alberto J. P. Nunes, Hiroshi Yamamoto, João Paulo Simões, João Luiz Pisa, Nelson Miyamoto and Jordana Sampaio Leite
Fishes 2023, 8(12), 605; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8120605 - 10 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2767
Abstract
The black soldier larvae meal (BSFLM) has been the most extensively studied insect protein source in shrimp nutrition. However, both the availability and prices of BSFLM are still a constraint for its widespread use as an ingredient in animal feeds. The present study [...] Read more.
The black soldier larvae meal (BSFLM) has been the most extensively studied insect protein source in shrimp nutrition. However, both the availability and prices of BSFLM are still a constraint for its widespread use as an ingredient in animal feeds. The present study investigated the growth and economic performance of post-larval (PL) P. vannamei fed nursery diets with a progressive replacement of fish meal (FML) for BSFLM at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. These replacements corresponded to a dietary inclusion (% of the diet, as-is) of FML and BSFLM of 16.50 and 6.33%, 11.00 and 13.04%, 5.50 and 19.74%, and 0 and 26.46%, respectively. A total of 102,647 shrimp at the age of PL15 with 2.7 ± 0.2 mg body weight (BW) were stocked in fifty 1.5 m3 tanks under 1369 PLs/m3 (2053 ± 33 PLs/tank) and reared for 42 days. Final shrimp survival (90.5 ± 7.6%), daily weight gain (14.7 ± 1.1 mg/day), and apparent feed intake (0.67 ± 0.03 g of feed per stocked shrimp) were unaffected by dietary treatment. The highest gained yield (791 ± 52 and 776 ± 38 g/m3) and final BW (621 ± 7.2 and 632 ± 7.2 mg) were attained when FML was replaced for BSFLM at 50 and 75% with the lowest at 0% (726 ± 34 g/m3 and 598 ± 8.1 mg, respectively). Shrimp fed diets with 0 and 100% replacement of FML exhibited the highest feed conversion ratio (1.25 ± 0.04 and 1.24 ± 0.08) compared to those fed a diet with 50% (1.16 ± 0.06). At a price of USD 2.00/kg, BSFLM demonstrated a favorable ROI (return of investment) when compared to FML, irrespective of the replacement level. With 25 and 50% replacement, BSFLM remained cost-competitive up to 3.50 USD/kg. At 75% FML replacement, there were no significant differences in ROI with a price range of 2.00 up to 3.04 USD/kg. At full replacement, ROI dropped significantly at a BSFLM price of 2.50 USD/kg and beyond. It can be concluded that FML can be fully replaced for BSFLM in well-balanced nursery diets for P. vannamei. Although the full replacement of FML for BSFLM was successfully accomplished, the competitive ROI was sustained only when the price of BSFLM did not exceed 3.04 USD/kg at its dietary highest inclusion of 19.74%. Further research may be necessary to fine-tune cost-effective inclusion levels of BSFLM to optimize the economic outcomes while considering the fluctuating prices of FML. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Protein and Amino Acid in Aquaculture Feed)
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15 pages, 1594 KiB  
Article
Response of Turbot Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) to Imbalanced Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Diets
by Lu Wang, Jinshi Liu, Yanlu Li, Qiang Ma, Houguo Xu, Mengqing Liang and Yuliang Wei
Fishes 2023, 8(11), 534; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8110534 - 26 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1008
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of imbalanced dietary BCAAs, especially Leu, on the growth and BCAA metabolism in turbot. A control diet was formulated by keeping optimum levels of Leu, Ile and Val. Four experimental diets were prepared [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of imbalanced dietary BCAAs, especially Leu, on the growth and BCAA metabolism in turbot. A control diet was formulated by keeping optimum levels of Leu, Ile and Val. Four experimental diets were prepared by removing supplemental crystalline Leu (deficiency) or supplementing double the amount of Leu, Ile or Val (excess) in the control diet. The growth was not significantly decreased by an excess of Leu, Ile or Val. Fish fed an excess of any particular BCAA significantly increased its postprandial (2 and 6 h) concentration in the plasma, muscles, and liver, but did not decrease the other two BCAA concentrations. The expression of intestinal b0at1 was down-regulated by excessive dietary Leu, Ile or Val. For BCAA catabolism, the mRNA levels of bcat2 in the muscles as well as bckdha and bckdhb in the livers of the Leu-deficient group were the lowest among all the groups, but were up-regulated by excess dietary Leu, Ile or Val. In conclusion, in terms of growth, turbot had high plasticity to an excess of any particular BCAA. Meanwhile, the antagonistic effect caused by an excess of one BCAA were reflected in intestinal amino acid absorption and BCAA catabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Protein and Amino Acid in Aquaculture Feed)
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