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Fluids
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Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics
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Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics

A special issue of Fluids (ISSN 2311-5521).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 7112

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Rui Han

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power System & Equipment, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: multiphase flow; bubble dynamics; fluid-structure coupling dynamics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are delighted to introduce this Special Issue entitled "Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics." Cavitation and bubble dynamics play a crucial role in various fields and engineering applications. For instance, in marine engineering, ships and submarines encounter cavitation issues during underwater operations, making it essential to comprehend and control bubble dynamics in order to achieve enhanced navigation safety and performance. In energy engineering, the behavior of bubbles in turbine machinery and combustion processes directly influences efficiency and reliability. The medical field is also intimately associated with ultrasound therapy and imaging in relation to bubble dynamics. Thus, in-depth research on cavitation and bubble dynamics is crucial for advancements and innovation in these domains.

In this Special Issue, our aim is to provide readers with comprehensive insights into the criticality, field applications, research methods, and recent advances in cavitation and bubble dynamics. We believe that through collaborative efforts and in-depth research, we can motivate the development of the cavitation and bubble dynamics field, bringing forth further innovation and discoveries in this engineering and scientific domain.

The potential topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Cavitation and bubble dynamics in hydraulic machinery, biomedical engineering, chemical and process industry, etc.;
  • Modeling and simulation of bubble dynamics;
  • Measurement techniques for cavitation and bubble dynamics;
  • Theoretical and experimental studies of cavitation phenomena;
  • Fluid-structure interaction induced by cavitation and bubbles;
  • Shock waves and microjets generated by cavitation;
  • Cavitation erosion;
  • Micro-nano bubbles and their applications;
  • Fundamentals of physics of cavitation;
  • Dynamics of multiple bubbles and bubble clusters;
  • Control and applications of cavitation and bubble dynamics.

Dr. Rui Han
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fluids is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cavitation erosion
  • bubble interactions
  • fluid-structure interaction
  • shock wave
  • vapor bubbles

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 6385 KiB  
Article
Underwater Shock Wave-Enhanced Cavitation to Induce Morphological Changes and Cell Permeabilization in Microscopic Fungi
by Miguel A. Martínez-Maldonado, Blanca E. Millán-Chiu, Francisco Fernández, Daniel Larrañaga, Miguel A. Gómez-Lim and Achim M. Loske
Fluids 2024, 9(4), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids9040081 - 22 Mar 2024
Viewed by 860
Abstract
Since the discovery of extracorporeal lithotripsy, there has been an increased interest in studying shock wave-induced cavitation, both to improve this technique and to explore novel biotechnological applications. As shock waves propagate through fluids, pre-existing microbubbles undergo expansion and collapse, emitting high-speed microjets. [...] Read more.
Since the discovery of extracorporeal lithotripsy, there has been an increased interest in studying shock wave-induced cavitation, both to improve this technique and to explore novel biotechnological applications. As shock waves propagate through fluids, pre-existing microbubbles undergo expansion and collapse, emitting high-speed microjets. These microjets play a crucial role in the pulverization of urinary stones during lithotripsy and have been utilized in the delivery of drugs and genetic materials into cells. Their intensity can be amplified using tandem shock waves, generated so that the second wave reaches the bubbles, expanded by the first wave, during their collapse. Nevertheless, there is little information regarding the control of microjet emissions. This study aimed to demonstrate that specific effects can be obtained by tuning the delay between the first and second shock waves. Suspensions containing Aspergillus niger, a microscopic fungus that produces metabolites with high commercial value, were exposed to single-pulse and tandem shock waves. Morphological changes were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Proteins released into the medium after shock wave exposure were also studied. Our findings suggest that, with enhanced control over cavitation, the detachment of proteins using conventional methods could be significantly optimized in future studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics)
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32 pages, 8912 KiB  
Article
Effect of Dissolved Carbon Dioxide on Cavitation in a Circular Orifice
by Sina Safaei and Carsten Mehring
Fluids 2024, 9(2), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids9020041 - 1 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1288
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the effect of dissolved gas concentration on cavitation inception and cavitation development in a transparent sharp-edged orifice, similar to that previously analyzed by Nurick in the context of liquid injectors. The working liquid is water, and carbon dioxide [...] Read more.
In this work, we investigate the effect of dissolved gas concentration on cavitation inception and cavitation development in a transparent sharp-edged orifice, similar to that previously analyzed by Nurick in the context of liquid injectors. The working liquid is water, and carbon dioxide is employed as a non-condensable dissolved gas. Cavitation inception points are determined for different dissolved gas concentration levels by measuring wall-static pressures just downstream of the orifice contraction and visually observing the onset of a localized (vapor) bubble cloud formation and collapse. Cavitation onset correlates with a plateau in wall-static pressure measurements as a function of a cavitation number. An increase in the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide is found to increase the cavitation number at which the onset of cavitation occurs. The transition from cloud cavitation to extended-sheet or full cavitation along the entire orifice length occurs suddenly and is shifted to higher cavitation numbers with increasing dissolved gas content. Volume flow rate measurements are performed to determine the change in the discharge coefficient with the cavitation number and dissolved gas content for the investigated cases. CFD analyses are carried out based on the cavitation model by Zwart et al. and the model by Yang et al. to account for non-condensable gases. Discharge coefficients obtained from the numerical simulations are in good agreement with experimental values, although they are slightly higher in the cavitating case. The earlier onset of fluid cavitation (i.e., cavitation inception at higher cavitation numbers) with increasing dissolved carbon dioxide content is not predicted using the employed numerical model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics)
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31 pages, 13340 KiB  
Article
Application of Central-Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory Finite-Volume Interface-Capturing Schemes for Modeling Cavitation Induced by an Underwater Explosion
by Ebenezer Mayowa Adebayo, Panagiotis Tsoutsanis and Karl W. Jenkins
Fluids 2024, 9(2), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids9020033 - 29 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1410
Abstract
Cavitation resulting from underwater explosions in compressible multiphase or multicomponent flows presents significant challenges due to the dynamic nature of shock–cavitation–structure interactions, as well as the complex and discontinuous nature of the involved interfaces. Achieving accurate resolution of interfaces between different phases or [...] Read more.
Cavitation resulting from underwater explosions in compressible multiphase or multicomponent flows presents significant challenges due to the dynamic nature of shock–cavitation–structure interactions, as well as the complex and discontinuous nature of the involved interfaces. Achieving accurate resolution of interfaces between different phases or components, in the presence of shocks, cavitating regions, and structural interactions, is crucial for modeling such problems. Furthermore, pressure convergence in simulations involving shock–cavitation–structure interactions requires accurate algorithms. In this research paper, we employ the diffuse interface method, also known as the interface-capturing scheme, to investigate cavitation in various underwater explosion test cases near different surfaces: a free surface and a rigid surface. The simulations are conducted using the unstructured compressible Navier–Stokes (UCNS3D) finite-volume framework employing central-weighted essentially non-oscillatory (CWENO) reconstruction schemes, utilizing the five-equation diffuse interface family of methods. Quantitative comparisons are made between the performance of both models. Additionally, we examine the effects of cavitation as a secondary loading source on structures, and evaluate the ability of the CWENO schemes to accurately capture and resolve material interfaces between fluids with minimal numerical dissipation or smearing. The results are compared with existing high-order methods and experimental data, where possible, to demonstrate the robustness of the CWENO schemes in simulating cavitation bubble dynamics, as well as their limitations within the current implementation of interface capturing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics)
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29 pages, 10420 KiB  
Article
Cavitation Strength, Acoustic Nonlinearity, and Gas Bubble Distribution in Water
by Alexey V. Bulanov, Ekaterina V. Sosedko, Vladimir A. Bulanov and Igor V. Korskov
Fluids 2024, 9(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids9010003 - 24 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1216
Abstract
The acoustic properties of real liquids are largely related to the phase inclusions contained in them, of which gas bubbles are the most common. The aim of the work was to find the relationship between the nonlinear acoustic parameter and the cavitation strength [...] Read more.
The acoustic properties of real liquids are largely related to the phase inclusions contained in them, of which gas bubbles are the most common. The aim of the work was to find the relationship between the nonlinear acoustic parameter and the cavitation strength of the liquid with the distribution of bubbles in the liquid, which has so far been poorly studied. The theoretical studies of the parameter of acoustic nonlinearity and the cavitation strength of a liquid with bubbles were carried out within the framework of the homogeneous approximation of a micro-homogeneous liquid; the relationship of these parameters with the bubble distribution function was established, and the typical values of these parameters for different concentrations of bubbles were calculated. Experimental measurements of the parameter of acoustic nonlinearity and the cavitation strength in the upper layer of seawater were carried out; these measurements were consistent with the theoretical estimates. A connection was established between the thresholds of acoustic and optical cavitation—the optical breakdown of a liquid by laser radiation. The results obtained can find practical application in the measurement of the cavitation strength of seawater at great depths in the sea, and the use of an optoacoustic method associated with the use of optical cavitation is proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics)
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12 pages, 3444 KiB  
Article
Ultrasonic Bubble Cleaner as a Sustainable Solution
by Justin Howell, Emerson Ham and Sunghwan Jung
Fluids 2023, 8(11), 291; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids8110291 - 28 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1505
Abstract
We aim to develop a floor-cleaning design by exploiting oscillating bubbles combined with ambient pressure waves to clean various surfaces. Previous studies of this method in lab settings have proven its efficacy, but practical applications, especially concerning real-world conditions like dirt surfaces, remain [...] Read more.
We aim to develop a floor-cleaning design by exploiting oscillating bubbles combined with ambient pressure waves to clean various surfaces. Previous studies of this method in lab settings have proven its efficacy, but practical applications, especially concerning real-world conditions like dirt surfaces, remain largely unprobed. Our findings indicate that, excluding a configuration with a heavy mass bottom transducer, all tested configurations achieved approximately 60–70% cleaning performance. A slight improvement in cleaning performance was observed with the introduction of microbubbles, although it was within the error margin. Particularly noteworthy is the substantial reduction in water consumption in configurations with a water pocket, decreasing from 280 mL to a mere 3 mL, marking a significant step toward more environmentally sustainable cleaning practices, such as reduced water usage. This research provides implications for real-world cleaning applications, promising an eco-friendly and efficient cleaning alternative that reduces water usage and handles a variety of materials without causing damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics)
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