Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
2.8
1.9
Journals
Fluids
Special Issues
Experimental and Numerical Studies in Biomedical Engineering, Volume II
share announcement

Experimental and Numerical Studies in Biomedical Engineering, Volume II

A special issue of Fluids (ISSN 2311-5521).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 17959

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Athanasios G. Kanaris

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Scientific Computing Department, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
Interests: advanced computational techniques; CFD; microdevices; heat transfer; inkjet systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Antonis Anastasiou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Interests: microfluidics; biomaterials; biomedical engineering; multifunctional medical devices; tissue engineering; lasers in the restoration of hard tissues
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The term “biomedical engineering” refers to the application of the principles and problem-solving techniques of engineering to biology and medicine. Biomedical engineering is an interdisciplinary branch as many of the problems that health professionals are confronted with have traditionally been of interest to engineers because they involve processes that are fundamental to engineering practice. Biomedical engineers employ common engineering methods to comprehend, modify, or control biological systems, and to design and manufacture devices that can assist in the diagnosis and therapy of human diseases.

The first Special Issue on “Experimental and Numerical Studies in Biomedical Engineering” contained papers covering a wide variety of topics under that general title. Volume I includes papers on computational modelling of complex rheological phenomena, aplication of microfluidics in biomedical phenomena, drug delivery, lab-on-a-chip research, use of physiology-based biokinetic models and computational study using molecular dynamics.

Following a successful first volume, we are now launching this second volume of a Special Issue of Fluids which is intended to  be a forum for scientists and engineers from both academia and industry to present and discuss recent developments in the field of biomedical engineering. We invite papers that tackle—either numerically or experimentally — biomedical engineering problems, ranging from fundamental understanding of fluid flows in biological systems to the design and practical application of medical devices and systems. Contributions may focus on problems associated with subjects that include (but are not limited to): hemodynamical flows, arterial wall shear stress, respiratory mechanics and gas exchange, targeted drug delivery, biomaterials, and the design of medical devices.

Dr. Athanasios G. Kanaris
Dr. Antonis Anastasiou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fluids is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • blood flow
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • bypass grafting hemodynamics
  • pulmonary aerosol transport
  • CFD simulations
  • FSI
  • PIV
  • arterial wall shear stress
  • drug delivery
  • biomaterials

Published Papers (6 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

27 pages, 11701 KiB  
Article
In-Vitro Validation of Self-Powered Fontan Circulation for Treatment of Single Ventricle Anomaly
by Arka Das, Ray Prather, Eduardo Divo, Michael Farias, Alain Kassab and William DeCampli
Fluids 2021, 6(11), 401; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6110401 - 6 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2347
Abstract
Around 8% of all newborns with a Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) have only a single functioning ventricle. The Fontan operation has served as palliation for this anomaly for decades, but the surgery entails multiple complications, and the survival rate is less than 50% [...] Read more.
Around 8% of all newborns with a Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) have only a single functioning ventricle. The Fontan operation has served as palliation for this anomaly for decades, but the surgery entails multiple complications, and the survival rate is less than 50% by adulthood. A rapidly testable novel alternative is proposed by creating a bifurcating graft, or Injection Jet Shunt (IJS), used to “entrain” the pulmonary flow and thus provide assistance while reducing the caval pressure. A dynamically scaled Mock Flow Loop (MFL) has been configured to validate this hypothesis. Three IJS nozzles of varying diameters 2, 3, and 4 mm with three aortic anastomosis angles and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) reduction have been tested to validate the hypothesis and optimize the caval pressure reduction. The MFL is based on a Lumped-Parameter Model (LPM) of a non-fenestrated Fontan circulation. The best outcome was achieved with the experimental testing of a 3 mm IJS by producing an average caval pressure reduction of more than 5 mmHg while maintaining the clinically acceptable pulmonary flow rate (Qp) to systemic flow rate (Qs) ratio of ~1.5. Furthermore, alteration of the PVR helped in achieving higher caval pressure reduction with the 3 mm IJS at the expense of an increase in Qp/Qs ratio. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Experimental and Numerical Studies in Biomedical Engineering, Volume II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 3504 KiB  
Article
Thermodynamics Characterization of Lung Carcinoma, Entropic Study and Metabolic Correlations
by Francesco Farsaci, Ester Tellone, Antonio Galtieri and Silvana Ficarra
Fluids 2020, 5(4), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids5040164 - 26 Sep 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1657
Abstract
In recent years, the use of dielectric spectroscopy as an investigation technique to determine the chemical–physical characteristics of biological materials has had a great increase. This study used the non-equilibrium thermodynamics with internal variables theory to test the potential pathological features of lung [...] Read more.
In recent years, the use of dielectric spectroscopy as an investigation technique to determine the chemical–physical characteristics of biological materials has had a great increase. This study used the non-equilibrium thermodynamics with internal variables theory to test the potential pathological features of lung cancer. After a brief exploration of the dielectric polarization concept highlighting some aspects that were used, some thermodynamic functions were obtained as functions of the frequency, both for lung tumor cells and physiological ones. Variations in the intensity of values but not in the trend of the curves were observed and this was attributed to the perturbing field. The trend of this field explains the behavior of phenomena described by other functions, as related to the frequencies of the perturbing field. Compared to the physiological ones, the cancer cells appeared to be “more predisposed” to conserve their state as characterized by minor entropy production, probably because this helped cells to obtain the required adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the minimum amount of nutrients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Experimental and Numerical Studies in Biomedical Engineering, Volume II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 9459 KiB  
Article
Influence of Shear-Thinning Blood Rheology on the Laminar-Turbulent Transition over a Backward Facing Step
by Nathaniel S. Kelly, Harinderjit S. Gill, Andrew N. Cookson and Katharine H. Fraser
Fluids 2020, 5(2), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids5020057 - 23 Apr 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3367
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally and there is an unmet need for effective, safer blood-contacting devices, including valves, stents and artificial hearts. In these, recirculation regions promote thrombosis, triggering mechanical failure, neurological dysfunction and infarctions. Transitional flow over a [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally and there is an unmet need for effective, safer blood-contacting devices, including valves, stents and artificial hearts. In these, recirculation regions promote thrombosis, triggering mechanical failure, neurological dysfunction and infarctions. Transitional flow over a backward facing step is an idealised model of these flow conditions; the aim was to understand the impact of non-Newtonian blood rheology on modelling this flow. Flow simulations of shear-thinning and Newtonian fluids were compared for Reynolds numbers ( R e ) covering the comprehensive range of laminar, transitional and turbulent flow for the first time. Both unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes ( k − ω SST) and Smagorinsky Large Eddy Simulations (LES) were assessed; only LES correctly predicted trends in the recirculation zone length for all R e . Turbulent-transition was assessed by several criteria, revealing a complex picture. Instantaneous turbulent parameters, such as velocity, indicated delayed transition: R e = 1600 versus R e = 2000, for Newtonian and shear-thinning transitions, respectively. Conversely, when using a Re defined on spatially averaged viscosity, the shear-thinning model transitioned below the Newtonian. However, recirculation zone length, a mean flow parameter, did not indicate any difference in the transitional Re between the two. This work shows a shear-thinning rheology can explain the delayed transition for whole blood seen in published experimental data, but this delay is not the full story. The results show that, to accurately model transitional blood flow, and so enable the design of advanced cardiovascular devices, it is essential to incorporate the shear-thinning rheology, and to explicitly model the turbulent eddies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Experimental and Numerical Studies in Biomedical Engineering, Volume II)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 1017 KiB  
Article
Comparative Studies of Hyaluronic Acid Concentration in Normal and Osteoarthritic Equine Joints
by Nikolaos Matisioudis, Eleftherios Rizos, Panagiota Tyrnenopoulou, Lysimachos Papazoglou, Nikolaos Diakakis and Amalia Aggeli
Fluids 2019, 4(4), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids4040193 - 5 Nov 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3818
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common major disabling disease in humans and horses. Hyaluronic acid (HA), naturally abundantly present in synovial fluid (SF), is thought to have crucial impact on the functional rheological and biochemical features of SF in healthy and osteoarthritic joints. [...] Read more.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common major disabling disease in humans and horses. Hyaluronic acid (HA), naturally abundantly present in synovial fluid (SF), is thought to have crucial impact on the functional rheological and biochemical features of SF in healthy and osteoarthritic joints. Here we present comparative measurements of HA concentration in SF from 35 normal and osteoarthritic equine joints, between two different approaches. On the one hand, an established biochemical HA-specific Enzyme–Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) assay was employed, which determined that SF in healthy and osteoarthritic equine joints is characterized by HA concentration of ca 0.3–2 mg/mL and 0.1–0.7 mg/mL respectively. On the other hand the same SF samples were also examined with a new exploratory approach of finding out HA concentration, which is based on SF rheology. This was done following “calibration” using appropriate model HA solutions. Comparative analysis of the results obtained by both the biochemical and the rheological approaches, revealed that in most cases the rheological approach greatly overestimates HA concentration in SF, by ca 3 to 8 times and 6 to 11 times, in healthy and diseased SF respectively. Overall these findings support the notion that, contrary to the established view, HA may not be the major contributor of equine SF rheology. This should be taken into account for the development of new more effective preventive strategies, as well as more effective early-stage interventions in osteoarthritis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Experimental and Numerical Studies in Biomedical Engineering, Volume II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 928 KiB  
Article
Parameters and Branching Auto-Pulses in a Fluid Channel with Active Walls
by Dmitry Strunin and Fatima Ahmed
Fluids 2019, 4(3), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids4030160 - 26 Aug 2019
Viewed by 1955
Abstract
We present numerical solutions of the semi-phenomenological model of self-propagating fluid pulses (auto-pulses) in the channel branching into two thinner channels, which simulates branching of a hypothetical artificial artery. The model is based on the lubrication theory coupled with elasticity and has the [...] Read more.
We present numerical solutions of the semi-phenomenological model of self-propagating fluid pulses (auto-pulses) in the channel branching into two thinner channels, which simulates branching of a hypothetical artificial artery. The model is based on the lubrication theory coupled with elasticity and has the form of a single nonlinear partial differential equation with respect to the displacement of the elastic wall as a function of the distance along the channel and time. The equation is solved numerically using the 1D integrated radial basis function network method. Using homogeneous boundary conditions on the edges of space domain and continuity condition at the branching point, we obtained and analyzed solutions in the form of auto-pulses penetrating through the branching point from the thick channel into the thin channels. We evaluated magnitudes of the phenomenological coefficients responsible for the active motion of the walls in the model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Experimental and Numerical Studies in Biomedical Engineering, Volume II)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 7089 KiB  
Article
Experimental and Numerical Study of Blood Flow in μ-vessels: Influence of the Fahraeus–Lindqvist Effect
by Yorgos G. Stergiou, Aggelos T. Keramydas, Antonios D. Anastasiou, Aikaterini A. Mouza and Spiros V. Paras
Fluids 2019, 4(3), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids4030143 - 1 Aug 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4148
Abstract
The study of hemodynamics is particularly important in medicine and biomedical engineering as it is crucial for the design of new implantable devices and for understanding the mechanism of various diseases related to blood flow. In this study, we experimentally identify the cell [...] Read more.
The study of hemodynamics is particularly important in medicine and biomedical engineering as it is crucial for the design of new implantable devices and for understanding the mechanism of various diseases related to blood flow. In this study, we experimentally identify the cell free layer (CFL) width, which is the result of the Fahraeus–Lindqvist effect, as well as the axial velocity distribution of blood flow in microvessels. The CFL extent was determined using microscopic photography, while the blood velocity was measured by micro-particle image velocimetry (μ-PIV). Based on the experimental results, we formulated a correlation for the prediction of the CFL width in small caliber (D < 300 μm) vessels as a function of a modified Reynolds number (Re∞) and the hematocrit (Hct). This correlation along with the lateral distribution of blood viscosity were used as input to a “two-regions” computational model. The reliability of the code was checked by comparing the experimentally obtained axial velocity profiles with those calculated by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. We propose a methodology for calculating the friction loses during blood flow in μ-vessels, where the Fahraeus–Lindqvist effect plays a prominent role, and show that the pressure drop may be overestimated by 80% to 150% if the CFL is neglected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Experimental and Numerical Studies in Biomedical Engineering, Volume II)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-6
Back to TopTop