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Modern/Advanced Methods of Analysis of Xenobiotic Compounds—Xenobiotics Exposure, Human Health and Ecological Impacts

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 9539

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Tomasz Tuzimski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Interests: liquid chromatography with modern detection techniques; sample preparation; analysis of xenobiotics in various biological samples; analysis of ionic compounds in plant extracts; biological activity of plant extracts
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In their daily life, humans constantly encounter a huge amount of different substances, including xenobiotics, which are typically synthetic chemicals that are foreign to the body and/or to an ecological system. Xenobiotics can exert adverse effects on human health and increase the incidence of chronic diseases, including cancer, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, cardiovascular, chronic kidney disease, and others. As a consequence, the development and validation of analytical methods for xenobiotics has become essential.

Further, in recent years, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) have become the chemical group of special concern due to their ability to interfere with the hormonal system. Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogs (such as bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol C (BPC), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol M (BPM), bisphenol P (BPP), bisphenol Z (BPZ), bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol AP (BPAP), bisphenol BP (BPBP), bisphenol FL (BPFL), dihydroxydiphenyl ether (DHDPE), and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE)) have become the focus of strong concern because of their endocrine-disrupting effects and their widespread occurrence. As indicated in numerous research studies, bisphenols may be washed off the material surface and transferred to food or individual elements of the environment due to the interaction with food ingredients or the influence of external factors.

Moreover, many of these xenobiotics are characterized by lipophilicity; therefore, they are able to easily pass through biological membranes and penetrate living cells and thus be subject to bioaccumulation in various kinds of tissue and organs.

The most efficient approach to xenobiotic analysis involves the use of chromatographic methods. The following chromatographic methods are most frequently applied in environmental/biological samples and food analysis: high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and gas chromatography (GC).

At present, chromatographic techniques coupled with modern detection techniques can find broad applications in the separation, identification, and quantification of xenobiotics (drugs and veterinary drugs, vitamins, dyes, mycotoxins, bisphenols, environmental bioindicators, allergens, and others) in different samples.

This Special Issue will present, in a structured manner, state-of-the-art information on the very important field of analytical methods such as high-performance chromatographic techniques coupled with modern detection techniques (e.g., DAD, FLD, mass spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)), biosensors, chips and others applied to analysis of xenobiotics (immuno- and bio- methods).

We are especially interested in research that has practical applications in understanding the nature and role played by xenobiotics in the development of human diseases, influence of xenobiotics on human health, preventive measures, prevention of intensification of disease, biomarkers of different diseases, xenobiotic exposure, the impact of xenobiotics on humans’ environment and their ecological impacts, environmental fate and transport of xenobiotics, and also green chemistry.

We welcome original research papers, critical reviews and short communications. There is no restriction on the length of the papers.

I warmly invite colleagues to submit their original contributions to this Special Issue, which will be of interest to a wide range of readers.

I would be delighted if you could respond and upload papers by 30 November 2022 (deadline). In cases of review articles, an additional brief (1–2 pages) description of the topic including a draft index is required. This preliminary step is essential to avoid overlapping of topics. The degree of novelty and the significance of the research will be scrutinized prior to the peer-reviewing process.

Topics of research of Special Issue:

  • Xenobiotic exposure, human health, and ecological impacts;
  • Analysis of xenobiotics in food, environmental, and biological samples;
  • Analysis of xenobiotics in natural medicines and dietary supplements;
  • Analysis of xenobiotics in other natural products and boosters;
  • Analysis of xenobiotics in highly processed products and toys;
  • Clinical, toxicological, and forensic analytics;
  • Industrial analytics with synthesis.

Prof. Dr. Tomasz Tuzimski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Xenobiotics (drugs and veterinary drugs, vitamins, dyes, mycotoxins, environmental bioindicators, allergens, bisphenols, pesticides, and others)
  • Extraction techniques (QuEChERS/d-SPE, SPE, SPME, SBSE, HFLPME, DLLME, FUSLE, and others)
  • Chromatographic methods (HPLC, UPLC, GC, GC x GC, and others)
  • Detection techniques (DAD, FLD, MS, MS/MS, and others)
  • Other analytical methods
  • Environmental bioindicators
  • Immuno- and bio-(analytical) methods, biosensors, chips and others applied to analysis of xenobiotics

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3162 KiB  
Article
Application of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Combined with Fluorescence Detector and Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction to Quantification of Selected Bisphenols in Human Amniotic Fluid Samples
by Szymon Szubartowski and Tomasz Tuzimski
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(1), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010297 - 24 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1732
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely produced chemical worldwide found in numerous everyday products. Its endocrine-disrupting properties and omnipresence have aroused concern and led to several restrictions on its use. These restrictions and growing public awareness about the toxicity of BPA have resulted [...] Read more.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely produced chemical worldwide found in numerous everyday products. Its endocrine-disrupting properties and omnipresence have aroused concern and led to several restrictions on its use. These restrictions and growing public awareness about the toxicity of BPA have resulted in market products labeled ”BPA-free”, with BPAs often being replaced by other bisphenols. This is why constant biomonitoring of bisphenol levels in various body fluids and tissues is essential. In this study, we propose the use of simple, cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with the fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) method for the determination of simultaneously selected bisphenols in amniotic fluid. For the sample preparation, a fast, simple, and ”green” dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) method was used, achieving mean recovery values in the range of 80.9–115.9% with relative standard deviations below 12% for all analytes. Limits of quantification (LOQs) determined in the amniotic fluid matrix ranged from 6.17 to 22.72 ng/mL and were obtained from a calibration curve constructed using least-squares linear regression analysis for all cases. The presented sample preparation procedure can be easily adopted for LC-MS analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern/Advanced Methods of Analysis of Xenobiotic Compounds—Xenobiotics Exposure, Human Health and Ecological Impacts)
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13 pages, 992 KiB  
Article
Hair Sample Analysis as a Method of Monitoring Exposure to Bisphenol A in Dogs
by Krystyna Makowska, Julia Martín, Andrzej Rychlik, Irene Aparicio, Juan Luis Santos, Esteban Alonso and Sławomir Gonkowski
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(8), 4600; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084600 - 11 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2005
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic substance widely used in the plastics industry. It penetrates food and environment and, as an endocrine disruptor, has detrimental effects on human organisms. Pet animals, which live in the immediate vicinity of humans, are also exposed to [...] Read more.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic substance widely used in the plastics industry. It penetrates food and environment and, as an endocrine disruptor, has detrimental effects on human organisms. Pet animals, which live in the immediate vicinity of humans, are also exposed to BPA; however, knowledge regarding the exposure of dogs to this substance is extremely scarce. This is the first study in which hair analysis has been used to biomonitor BPA in 30 dogs using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques. The presence of BPA in concentration levels above the method detection limit (1.25 ng/g) was noted in 93.33% of samples. BPA concentration levels were found to range from 7.05 ng/g to 436 ng/g (mean 81.30 ng/g). Statistically significant differences in BPA concentration levels were found between animals with physiological weight and animals with abnormal weight (skinny and obese). In turn, differences between males and females, as well as between young, middle-aged and old dogs, were not statistically significant. The obtained results have clearly shown that hair analysis is a useful method to evaluate the exposure of dogs to BPA. This study also confirmed that dogs are exposed to BPA to a large extent, and this substance may play a role as a pathological factor in this animal species. However, many aspects connected to the influence of BPA on canine health status are unclear and need further study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern/Advanced Methods of Analysis of Xenobiotic Compounds—Xenobiotics Exposure, Human Health and Ecological Impacts)
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17 pages, 7050 KiB  
Article
Application of Solid-Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection to Analyze Eleven Bisphenols in Amniotic Fluid Samples Collected during Amniocentesis
by Tomasz Tuzimski and Szymon Szubartowski
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 2309; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042309 - 17 Feb 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2384
Abstract
Amniocentesis involves taking a sample of the amniotic fluid in order to perform a karyotype test and diagnose any genetic defects that may affect the fetus. Amniotic fluid has been collected from patients with an indication for amniocentesis in the 15–26th week of [...] Read more.
Amniocentesis involves taking a sample of the amniotic fluid in order to perform a karyotype test and diagnose any genetic defects that may affect the fetus. Amniotic fluid has been collected from patients with an indication for amniocentesis in the 15–26th week of pregnancy. A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) method for identification and quantification of eleven selected bisphenols in amniotic fluid samples is proposed. The proposed method involved protein precipitation using acetonitrile, and next the extraction and concentration of analytes by solid-phase extraction (SPE). The solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure with application of Oasis HLB SPE columns performed well for the majority of the analytes, with recoveries in the range of 67–121% and relative standard deviations (RSD%) less than 16%. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) of all the investigated analytes were in the range of 0.8–2.5 ng mL−1 and 2.4–7.5 ng mL−1 (curves constructed in methanol) and 1.1–5.2 ng mL−1 and 3.2–15.6 ng mL−1 (curves constructed in the amniotic fluid), respectively. The method was validated at the following two concentration levels: 10 ng mL−1 (2 × LOQ) and 20 ng mL−1 (4 LOQ). The results confirm the validity of the SPE procedure and HPLC-FLD method for identification and quantification of bisphenols in amniotic fluid samples collected during an amniocentesis. The result obtained show that HPLC-FLD is a useful method for determination of bisphenol residues at nanogram per milliliter concentrations in amniotic fluid samples. Residues of five analytes (BADGE·2H2O, BPAF, BADGE, BADGE·H2O·HCl and BADGE·2HCl) were detected in amniotic fluid samples. Additionally, the harmfulness of bisphenols as potential pathogens that may cause karyotype disorders and contribute to preterm birth was estimated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern/Advanced Methods of Analysis of Xenobiotic Compounds—Xenobiotics Exposure, Human Health and Ecological Impacts)
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15 pages, 1371 KiB  
Article
Application of Solid Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection to Analyze Bisphenol A Bis (2,3-Dihydroxypropyl) Ether (BADGE 2H2O), Bisphenol F (BPF), and Bisphenol E (BPE) in Human Urine Samples
by Tomasz Tuzimski and Szymon Szubartowski
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(19), 10307; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910307 - 30 Sep 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2309
Abstract
In this study, we propose a simple, cost-effective, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) for the simultaneous determination of the three bisphenols (BPs): bisphenol A bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE 2H2O), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol E (BPE) [...] Read more.
In this study, we propose a simple, cost-effective, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) for the simultaneous determination of the three bisphenols (BPs): bisphenol A bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE 2H2O), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol E (BPE) in human urine samples. The dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) coupled with solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure performed well for the analytes with recoveries in the range of 74.3–86.5% and relative standard deviations (RSD%) less than 10%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) for all investigated analytes were in the range of 11.42–22.35 ng mL−1. The method was validated at three concentration levels (1 × LOQ, 1.5 × LOQ, and 3 LOQ). During the bisphenols HPLC-FLD analysis, from 6 min a reinforcement (10 or 12) was used, therefore analytes might be identified in the small volume human urine samples. The results demonstrated clearly that the approach developed provides reliable, simple, and rapid quantification and identification of three bisphenols in a urine matrix and could be used for monitoring these analytes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern/Advanced Methods of Analysis of Xenobiotic Compounds—Xenobiotics Exposure, Human Health and Ecological Impacts)
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