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The Key Role of Molecular Diagnostics in Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 13512

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Olga Golubnitschaja

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Predictive, Preventive Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
Interests: predictive preventive personalised medicine; oncology; breast and prostate cancer; liver malignancies; metastatic disease; stroke; diabetes; cardiovascular disease; pandemic; non-communicable disorder; infection; COVID-19; suboptimal health; vasospasm; molecular diagnostics; biomarker panels; patient stratification; individualised patient profile; disease modelling; molecular mechanisms
Prof. Dr. Babak Baban

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
Interests: innate immunity; inflammation; neuroinflammation; immune regulation; microbiome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

To successfully combat global epidemics of infectious and non-communicable disorders (cancer, stoke, diabetes, cardio-vascular disease, etc.), the paradigm change from reactive medicine to predictive approach, targeted prevention and treatments tailored to the patient is non-incremental in biomedical sciences and healthcare. This special issue “The Key Role of Molecular Diagnostics in Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine” is dedicated to the research in biomedical sciences demonstrating high level of innovation towards concepts of 3P medicine. Science-to-technology breakthrough should address the vision of predictive medical approach. Methodology should consider application of minimally and non-invasive diagnostics such as liquid biopsy (blood, saliva and tear fluid, amongst others). Analytical tools include multiomics, circulating tumour cells, cell-free nucleic acids and computation technologies such as big data analysis, machine learning and application of artifical intelligence in medicine. Literature search and data interpretation in the context of 3P medicine are essential.

Prof. Dr. Olga Golubnitschaja
Prof. Dr. Babak Baban
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Predictive Preventive Personalised Medicine (PPPM / 3PM)
  • Theoretical aspects in predictive medicine
  • Suboptimal health
  • Stress
  • Vasospasm
  • Stroke
  • Cancer
  • Metastatic disease
  • Diabetes
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Molecular mechanisms
  • Liquid biopsy
  • Multiomics
  • Cell-free nucleid acids
  • Mictobiome
  • Biomarker patterns
  • Computation analysis
  • Disease modelling

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3129 KiB  
Article
Effect of Everolimus versus Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells on Glomerular Injury in a Rat Model of Glomerulonephritis: A Preventive, Predictive and Personalized Implication
by Mohamed M. Zedan, Ahmed K. Mansour, Ashraf A. Bakr, Mohamed A. Sobh, Hesam Khodadadi, Evila Lopes Salles, Abdulmohsin Alhashim, Babak Baban, Olga Golubnitschaja and Ahmed A. Elmarakby
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(1), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010344 - 29 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1481
Abstract
Glomerular endothelial injury and effectiveness of glomerular endothelial repair play a crucial role in the progression of glomerulonephritis. Although the potent immune suppressive everolimus is increasingly used in renal transplant patients, adverse effects of its chronic use have been reported clinically in human [...] Read more.
Glomerular endothelial injury and effectiveness of glomerular endothelial repair play a crucial role in the progression of glomerulonephritis. Although the potent immune suppressive everolimus is increasingly used in renal transplant patients, adverse effects of its chronic use have been reported clinically in human glomerulonephritis and experimental renal disease. Recent studies suggest that progenitor stem cells could enhance glomerular endothelial repair with minimal adverse effects. Increasing evidence supports the notion that stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine can be effectively used in pathological conditions within the predictive, preventive and personalized medicine (PPPM) paradigm. In this study, using an experimental model of glomerulonephritis, we tested whether bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMDSCs) could provide better effect over everolimus in attenuating glomerular injury and improving the repair process in a rat model of glomerulonephritis. Anti-Thy1 glomerulonephritis was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by injection of an antibody against Thy1, which is mainly expressed on glomerular mesangial cells. Additional groups of rats were treated with the immunosuppressant everolimus daily after the injection of anti-Thy1 or injected with single bolus dose of BMDSCs after one week of injection of anti-Thy1 (n = 6–8). Nine days after injection of anti-Thy1, glomerular albumin permeability and albuminuria were significantly increased when compared to control group (p < 0.05). Compared to BMDSCs, everolimus was significantly effective in attenuating glomerular injury, nephrinuria and podocalyxin excretion levels as well as in reducing inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Our findings suggest that bolus injection of BMDSCs fails to improve glomerular injury whereas everolimus slows the progression of glomerular injury in Anti-Thy-1 induced glomerulonephritis. Thus, everolimus could be used at the early stage of glomerulonephritis, suggesting potential implications of PPPM in the treatment of progressive renal injury. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Key Role of Molecular Diagnostics in Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine)
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Review

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29 pages, 8377 KiB  
Review
Protective Effects of Flavonoids Against Mitochondriopathies and Associated Pathologies: Focus on the Predictive Approach and Personalized Prevention
by Lenka Koklesova, Alena Liskova, Marek Samec, Kevin Zhai, Raghad Khalid AL-Ishaq, Ondrej Bugos, Miroslava Šudomová, Kamil Biringer, Martin Pec, Marian Adamkov, Sherif T. S. Hassan, Luciano Saso, Frank A. Giordano, Dietrich Büsselberg, Peter Kubatka and Olga Golubnitschaja
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(16), 8649; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168649 - 11 Aug 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4421
Abstract
Multi-factorial mitochondrial damage exhibits a “vicious circle” that leads to a progression of mitochondrial dysfunction and multi-organ adverse effects. Mitochondrial impairments (mitochondriopathies) are associated with severe pathologies including but not restricted to cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. However, the type and level of [...] Read more.
Multi-factorial mitochondrial damage exhibits a “vicious circle” that leads to a progression of mitochondrial dysfunction and multi-organ adverse effects. Mitochondrial impairments (mitochondriopathies) are associated with severe pathologies including but not restricted to cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. However, the type and level of cascading pathologies are highly individual. Consequently, patient stratification, risk assessment, and mitigating measures are instrumental for cost-effective individualized protection. Therefore, the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) is unavoidable in advanced healthcare. Flavonoids demonstrate evident antioxidant and scavenging activity are of great therapeutic utility against mitochondrial damage and cascading pathologies. In the context of 3PM, this review focuses on preclinical and clinical research data evaluating the efficacy of flavonoids as a potent protector against mitochondriopathies and associated pathologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Key Role of Molecular Diagnostics in Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine)
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17 pages, 2961 KiB  
Review
Mining the Biomarker Potential of the Urine Peptidome: From Amino Acids Properties to Proteases
by Fábio Trindade, António S. Barros, Jéssica Silva, Antonia Vlahou, Inês Falcão-Pires, Sofia Guedes, Carla Vitorino, Rita Ferreira, Adelino Leite-Moreira, Francisco Amado and Rui Vitorino
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(11), 5940; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115940 - 31 May 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2417
Abstract
Native biofluid peptides offer important information about diseases, holding promise as biomarkers. Particularly, the non-invasive nature of urine sampling, and its high peptide concentration, make urine peptidomics a useful strategy to study the pathogenesis of renal conditions. Moreover, the high number of detectable [...] Read more.
Native biofluid peptides offer important information about diseases, holding promise as biomarkers. Particularly, the non-invasive nature of urine sampling, and its high peptide concentration, make urine peptidomics a useful strategy to study the pathogenesis of renal conditions. Moreover, the high number of detectable peptides as well as their specificity set the ground for the expansion of urine peptidomics to the identification of surrogate biomarkers for extra-renal diseases. Peptidomics further allows the prediction of proteases (degradomics), frequently dysregulated in disease, providing a complimentary source of information on disease pathogenesis and biomarkers. Then, what does urine peptidomics tell us so far? In this paper, we appraise the value of urine peptidomics in biomarker research through a comprehensive analysis of all datasets available to date. We have mined > 50 papers, addressing > 30 different conditions, comprising > 4700 unique peptides. Bioinformatic tools were used to reanalyze peptide profiles aiming at identifying disease fingerprints, to uncover hidden disease-specific peptides physicochemical properties and to predict the most active proteases associated with their generation. The molecular patterns found in this study may be further validated in the future as disease biomarker not only for kidney diseases but also for extra-renal conditions, as a step forward towards the implementation of a paradigm of predictive, preventive and personalized (3P) medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Key Role of Molecular Diagnostics in Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine)
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23 pages, 1002 KiB  
Review
Mitochondriopathies as a Clue to Systemic Disorders—Analytical Tools and Mitigating Measures in Context of Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized (3P) Medicine
by Alena Liskova, Marek Samec, Lenka Koklesova, Erik Kudela, Peter Kubatka and Olga Golubnitschaja
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(4), 2007; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042007 - 18 Feb 2021
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4258
Abstract
The mitochondrial respiratory chain is the main site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the cell. Although mitochondria possess a powerful antioxidant system, an excess of ROS cannot be completely neutralized and cumulative oxidative damage may lead to decreasing mitochondrial efficiency in [...] Read more.
The mitochondrial respiratory chain is the main site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the cell. Although mitochondria possess a powerful antioxidant system, an excess of ROS cannot be completely neutralized and cumulative oxidative damage may lead to decreasing mitochondrial efficiency in energy production, as well as an increasing ROS excess, which is known to cause a critical imbalance in antioxidant/oxidant mechanisms and a “vicious circle” in mitochondrial injury. Due to insufficient energy production, chronic exposure to ROS overproduction consequently leads to the oxidative damage of life-important biomolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and amino acids, among others. Different forms of mitochondrial dysfunction (mitochondriopathies) may affect the brain, heart, peripheral nervous and endocrine systems, eyes, ears, gut, and kidney, among other organs. Consequently, mitochondriopathies have been proposed as an attractive diagnostic target to be investigated in any patient with unexplained progressive multisystem disorder. This review article highlights the pathomechanisms of mitochondriopathies, details advanced analytical tools, and suggests predictive approaches, targeted prevention and personalization of medical services as instrumental for the overall management of mitochondriopathy-related cascading pathologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Key Role of Molecular Diagnostics in Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine)
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