International Journal of Molecular Sciences

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Dear Colleagues,

Molecular immunity plays a key role in both the onset and course of disease. At the oral cavity level, it has been seen to play a key role in the evolution of periodontal pathology and in pathology affecting implants. In addition, immune system reactions also play a key role in the formation and evolution of endodontic pathology, as well as in the set of cascading reactions involving fractured teeth. Its knowledge thus reflects a fundamental role in oral pathology, and its understanding aids both the diagnosis and treatment of the above pathologies.

This Special Issue focuses on the molecular aspects of oral and periodontal health and welcomes both original research articles and review papers that deal with the mechanisms relevant to oral and periodontal health.

Dr. Silvio Taschieri
Guest Editor

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Keywords

periodontal pathology
implant mucositis
peri impalntitis
root fracture
endodontic lesion

Published Papers (1 paper)

Research

17 pages, 2186 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Correlation between Inflammasomes and Microbiota in Peri-Implantitis

by Miguel Padial-Molina, Saray Montalvo-Acosta, Natividad Martín-Morales, Virginia Pérez-Carrasco, Antonio Magan-Fernandez, Francisco Mesa, Francisco O’Valle, Jose Antonio Garcia-Salcedo and Pablo Galindo-Moreno

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(2), 961; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020961 - 12 Jan 2024

Viewed by 914

Abstract

The activation of inflammasomes is thought to induce the inflammatory process around dental implants. No information is available on the correlation between microbiota and inflammasomes in clinical samples from patients suffering peri-implantitis. For this cross-sectional study, 30 biofilm samples were obtained from 19 patients undergoing surgical treatment for peri-implantitis because of the presence of bleeding on probing, probing depth higher than 6 mm, and radiographic bone loss higher than 3 mm. Then, soft tissue samples from around the implant were also collected. The relative abundance of bacteria and alpha-diversity indexes were calculated after analyzing the 16S rRNA gene using next-generation sequencing. The soft-tissue samples were processed for evaluation of the inflammasomes NLRP3 and AIM2 as well as caspase-1 and IL-1β. The relative abundance (mean (SD)) of specific species indicated that the most abundant species were Porphyromonas gingivalis (10.95 (14.17)%), Fusobacterium vincentii (10.93 (13.18)%), Porphyromonas endodontalis (5.89 (7.23)%), Prevotella oris (3.88 (4.94)%), Treponema denticola (2.91 (3.19)%), and Tannerella forsythia (2.84 (4.15)%). Several correlations were found between the species and the immunohistochemical detection of the inflammasomes NLRP3 and AIM2 as well as caspase-1 and IL-1β, both in the epithelium and the lamina propria. A network analysis found an important cluster of variables formed by NLRP3 in the lamina propria and AIM2, caspase-1, and IL-1β in the lamina propria and the epithelium with Prevotella dentalis, Prevotella tannerae, Tannerella forsythia, or Selenomonas timonae. Thus, it could be concluded that inflammasomes NLRP3 and AIM2 and their downstream effectors caspase-1 and interleukin-1β can be significantly associated with specific bacteria. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Immunity and Defense: Oral and Periodontal Health)

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