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Cognitive Impairment in Neurological Diseases
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Cognitive Impairment in Neurological Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2023) | Viewed by 11634

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vasileios Papaliagkas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: Alzheimer's disease; mild cognitive impairment; cerebrospinal fluid; beta amyloid; neurodegenerative diseases; neurodegeneration; cognition disorders; event-related potentials; evoked potentials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Julián Benito-León

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, 28041 Madrid, Spain
2. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
3. Department of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: neurodegenerative diseases; pathogenesis; neuroepidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cognitive impairment is a commonly observed symptom of neurodegenerative and other neurological diseases. The majority of patients with neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, stroke and head injury develop cognitive impairment, often early during their disease course, which may become more severe with disease progression.

Cognitive impairment may affect several domains such as memory, executive function, attention, processing speed, etc. Moreover, it is well known that cognitive impairment, in particular, in dementia, is an important source of disability and reduction in quality of life for both patients and caregivers.

The scope of this Special Issue is to provide some insight on recent developments and to further present some comprehensive reviews on specific aspects of cognitive impairment. In particular, presenting and examining the patterns of cognitive impairment observed in several neurological diseases, as well as their molecular biology and pathophysiology and methods for accurate diagnoses of cognitive impairment such as neuropsychometric tests, blood tests, neuroimaging and clinical neurophysiology techniques are of major interest. We welcome contributions in the form of original research articles, reviews and communications.

Dr. Vasileios Papaliagkas
Dr. Julian Benito-Leon
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cognitive impairment
  • neurological diseases
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • mild cognitive impairment
  • epilepsy

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 183 KiB  
Editorial
Cognitive Impairment in Neurological Diseases
by Julián Benito-León and Vasileios Papaliagkas
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(8), 4435; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084435 - 18 Apr 2024
Viewed by 458
Abstract
The complex link between cognitive impairment and neurological disorders underscores the intricacies of neurological sciences [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Impairment in Neurological Diseases)

Research

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15 pages, 1101 KiB  
Article
Amyloid-Beta Co-Pathology Is a Major Determinant of the Elevated Plasma GFAP Values in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
by Andrea Mastrangelo, Veria Vacchiano, Corrado Zenesini, Edoardo Ruggeri, Simone Baiardi, Arianna Cherici, Patrizia Avoni, Barbara Polischi, Francesca Santoro, Sabina Capellari, Rocco Liguori and Piero Parchi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 13976; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813976 - 12 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 951
Abstract
Recent studies reported increased plasma glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients compared to controls. We expanded these findings in a larger cohort, including 156 ALS patients and 48 controls, and investigated the associations of plasma GFAP with [...] Read more.
Recent studies reported increased plasma glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients compared to controls. We expanded these findings in a larger cohort, including 156 ALS patients and 48 controls, and investigated the associations of plasma GFAP with clinical variables and other biofluid biomarkers. Plasma GFAP and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were assessed by the single molecule array and the Lumipulse platforms, respectively. In ALS patients, plasma GFAP was higher than in controls (p < 0.001) and associated with measures of cognitive decline. Twenty ALS patients (12.8%) showed a positive amyloid status (A+), of which nine also exhibited tau pathology (A+T+, namely ALS-AD). ALS-AD patients showed higher plasma GFAP than A− ALS participants (p < 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001), whereas the comparison between A− ALS and controls missed statistical significance (p = 0.07). Plasma GFAP distinguished ALS-AD subjects more accurately (area under the curve (AUC) 0.932 ± 0.027) than plasma p-tau181 (AUC 0.692 ± 0.058, p < 0.0001) and plasma neurofilament light chain protein (AUC, 0.548 ± 0.088, p < 0.0001). Cognitive measures differed between ALS-AD and other ALS patients. AD co-pathology deeply affects plasma GFAP values in ALS patients. Plasma GFAP is an accurate biomarker for identifying AD co-pathology in ALS, which can influence the cognitive phenotype. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Impairment in Neurological Diseases)
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23 pages, 14058 KiB  
Article
Clopidogrel Administration Impairs Post-Stroke Learning and Memory Recovery in Mice
by Marina Paul, Jonathan W. Paul, Madeleine Hinwood, Rebecca J. Hood, Kristy Martin, Mahmoud Abdolhoseini, Sarah J. Johnson, Michael Pollack, Michael Nilsson and Frederick R. Walker
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11706; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411706 - 20 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2474
Abstract
Clopidogrel, which is one of the most prescribed antiplatelet medications in the world, is given to stroke survivors for the prevention of secondary cardiovascular events. Clopidogrel exerts its antiplatelet activity via antagonism of the P2Y12 receptor (P2RY12). Although not widely known or considered [...] Read more.
Clopidogrel, which is one of the most prescribed antiplatelet medications in the world, is given to stroke survivors for the prevention of secondary cardiovascular events. Clopidogrel exerts its antiplatelet activity via antagonism of the P2Y12 receptor (P2RY12). Although not widely known or considered during the initial clinical trials for clopidogrel, P2RY12 is also expressed on microglia, which are the brain’s immune cells, where the receptor facilitates chemotactic migration toward sites of cellular damage. If microglial P2RY12 is blocked, microglia lose the ability to migrate to damaged sites and carry out essential repair processes. We aimed to investigate whether administering clopidogrel to mice post-stroke was associated with (i) impaired motor skills and cognitive recovery; (ii) physiological changes, such as survival rate and body weight; (iii) changes in the neurovascular unit, including blood vessels, microglia, and neurons; and (iv) changes in immune cells. Photothrombotic stroke (or sham surgery) was induced in adult male mice. From 24 h post-stroke, mice were treated daily for 14 days with either clopidogrel or a control. Cognitive performance (memory and learning) was assessed using a mouse touchscreen platform (paired associated learning task), while motor impairment was assessed using the cylinder task for paw asymmetry. On day 15, the mice were euthanized and their brains were collected for immunohistochemistry analysis. Clopidogrel administration significantly impaired learning and memory recovery, reduced mouse survival rates, and reduced body weight post-stroke. Furthermore, clopidogrel significantly increased vascular leakage, significantly increased the number and appearance of microglia, and significantly reduced the number of T cells within the peri-infarct region post-stroke. These data suggest that clopidogrel hampers cognitive performance post-stroke. This effect is potentially mediated by an increase in vascular permeability post-stroke, providing a pathway for clopidogrel to access the central nervous system, and thus, interfere in repair and recovery processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Impairment in Neurological Diseases)
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Review

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19 pages, 673 KiB  
Review
Correlates of Functional Impairment in Patients with the Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review
by Electra Chatzidimitriou, Panagiotis Ioannidis, Eleni Aretouli, Vasileios Papaliagkas and Despina Moraitou
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 13810; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813810 - 7 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1105
Abstract
The behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) has a devastating effect on multiple domains of daily living. The purpose of this PRISMA-compliant systematic review is to summarize the most important factors associated with functional impairment in this clinical group by critically analyzing the [...] Read more.
The behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) has a devastating effect on multiple domains of daily living. The purpose of this PRISMA-compliant systematic review is to summarize the most important factors associated with functional impairment in this clinical group by critically analyzing the existing literature spanning the period from 2000 to 2023. To be included in the review, a study had to investigate any kind of correlates of functional status in bvFTD patients, using a previously validated instrument of functional assessment. Out of 40 articles assessed for eligibility, 18 met the inclusion criteria. The anatomical pattern of cerebral atrophy at baseline appeared to be the strongest predictor of the rate of functional decline over time, with the frontal-dominant anatomical subtype being associated with a faster rate of functional impairment. Additionally, executive dysfunction as well as apathy appeared to contribute significantly to functional disability in bvFTD patients. A comparative examination of bvFTD in relation to other clinical subtypes of FTD and other types of dementia in general suggests that it is the predominant atrophy of the frontal lobes along with the subsequent unique combination of cognitive and neuropsychiatric manifestations that account for the pronounced functional limitations observed in these individuals, even from the early stages of the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Impairment in Neurological Diseases)
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14 pages, 744 KiB  
Review
CSF Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
by Vasileios Papaliagkas, Kallirhoe Kalinderi, Patroklos Vareltzis, Despoina Moraitou, Theodora Papamitsou and Maria Chatzidimitriou
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(10), 8976; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108976 - 19 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3723
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a rapidly growing disease that affects millions of people worldwide, therefore there is an urgent need for its early diagnosis and treatment. A huge amount of research studies are performed on possible accurate and reliable diagnostic biomarkers of AD. [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a rapidly growing disease that affects millions of people worldwide, therefore there is an urgent need for its early diagnosis and treatment. A huge amount of research studies are performed on possible accurate and reliable diagnostic biomarkers of AD. Due to its direct contact with extracellular space of the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the most useful biological fluid reflecting molecular events in the brain. Proteins and molecules that reflect the pathogenesis of the disease, e.g., neurodegeneration, accumulation of Abeta, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and apoptosis may be used as biomarkers. The aim of the current manuscript is to present the most commonly used CSF biomarkers for AD as well as novel biomarkers. Three CSF biomarkers, namely total tau, phospho-tau and Abeta42, are believed to have the highest diagnostic accuracy for early AD diagnosis and the ability to predict AD development in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Moreover, other biomarkers such as soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), apoptotic proteins, secretases and inflammatory and oxidation markers are believed to have increased future prospects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Impairment in Neurological Diseases)
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29 pages, 3288 KiB  
Review
Methods to Identify Cognitive Alterations from Animals to Humans: A Translational Approach
by Daniela Navarro, Ani Gasparyan, Silvia Martí Martínez, Carmen Díaz Marín, Francisco Navarrete, María Salud García Gutiérrez and Jorge Manzanares
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7653; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087653 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2088
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and dementia in developed countries, associated with population aging, has generated great interest in characterizing and quantifying cognitive deficits in these patients. An essential tool for accurate diagnosis is cognitive assessment, a lengthy process that depends on [...] Read more.
The increasing prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and dementia in developed countries, associated with population aging, has generated great interest in characterizing and quantifying cognitive deficits in these patients. An essential tool for accurate diagnosis is cognitive assessment, a lengthy process that depends on the cognitive domains analyzed. Cognitive tests, functional capacity scales, and advanced neuroimaging studies explore the different mental functions in clinical practice. On the other hand, animal models of human diseases with cognitive impairment are essential for understanding disease pathophysiology. The study of cognitive function using animal models encompasses multiple dimensions, and deciding which ones to investigate is necessary to select the most appropriate and specific tests. Therefore, this review studies the main cognitive tests for assessing cognitive deficits in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Cognitive tests, the most commonly used functional capacity scales, and those resulting from previous evidence are considered. In addition, the leading behavioral tests that assess cognitive functions in animal models of disorders with cognitive impairment are highlighted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cognitive Impairment in Neurological Diseases)
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