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Acute Radiation Syndrome and Therapies after Combined Radiation Injury

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2024 | Viewed by 1711

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Guest Editor
Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
Interests: signal transduction; apoptosis; autophagy; cytokine/inflammation storm; acute radiation syndrome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

After a nuclear device detonation or accident There are approximately 40% of radiation casualty that are combined radiation injury (CI) with wound, burn, hemorrhage, blast, infection, fracture, etc. CI results in more severe organ injuries and greater mortality, along with aggravated cytokine storm and worse systemic infection compared to the radiation alone. Because of this complexity resulted from CI, no FDA-approved drugs or remedies available for preventing, mitigating or treating CI. This special issue will include articles with research on CI with animal models, biomarkers, molecular mechanisms, acute radiation syndrome, drug development for survival, organ injury, data management, bioinformatic analysis, etc.

Dr. Juliann G. Kiang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • radiation
  • wound
  • burn
  • hemorrhage
  • blast
  • fracture
  • chemical
  • infection
  • bone marrow
  • GI
  • spleen
  • brain
  • endothelium
  • skin

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 5625 KiB  
Article
Skin Wound following Irradiation Aggravates Radiation-Induced Brain Injury in a Mouse Model
by Mang Xiao, Xianghong Li, Li Wang, Bin Lin, Min Zhai, Lisa Hull, Alex Zizzo, Wanchang Cui and Juliann G. Kiang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 10701; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310701 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1527
Abstract
Radiation injury- and radiation combined with skin injury-induced inflammatory responses in the mouse brain were evaluated in this study. Female B6D2F1/J mice were subjected to a sham, a skin wound (SW), 9.5 Gy 60Co total-body gamma irradiation (RI), or 9.5 Gy RI [...] Read more.
Radiation injury- and radiation combined with skin injury-induced inflammatory responses in the mouse brain were evaluated in this study. Female B6D2F1/J mice were subjected to a sham, a skin wound (SW), 9.5 Gy 60Co total-body gamma irradiation (RI), or 9.5 Gy RI combined with a skin puncture wound (RCI). Survival, body weight, and wound healing were tracked for 30 days, and mouse brain samples were collected on day 30 after SW, RI, RCI, and the sham control. Our results showed that RCI caused more severe animal death and body weight loss compared with RI, and skin wound healing was significantly delayed by RCI compared to SW. RCI and RI increased the chemokines Eotaxin, IP-10, MIG, 6Ckine/Exodus2, MCP-5, and TIMP-1 in the brain compared to SW and the sham control mice, and the Western blot results showed that IP-10 and p21 were significantly upregulated in brain cells post-RI or -RCI. RI and RCI activated both astrocytes and endothelial cells in the mouse brain, subsequently inducing blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage, as shown by the increased ICAM1 and GFAP proteins in the brain and GFAP in the serum. The Doublecortin (DCX) protein, the “gold standard” for measuring neurogenesis, was significantly downregulated by RI and RCI compared with the sham group. Furthermore, RI and RCI decreased the expression of the neural stem cell marker E-cadherin, the intermediate progenitor marker MASH1, the immature neuron cell marker NeuroD1, and the mature neuron cell marker NeuN, indicating neural cell damage in all development stages after RI and RCI. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining further confirmed the significant loss of neural cells in RCI. Our data demonstrated that RI and RCI induced brain injury through inflammatory pathways, and RCI exacerbated neural cell damage more than RI. Full article
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