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Current and Future Roles of Tumor Markers in Prostate Adenocarcinoma
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Current and Future Roles of Tumor Markers in Prostate Adenocarcinoma

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 5467

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Elenko Popov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Sofia, 15 Acad. Ivan Geshov Blvd., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
2. Department of Urology and Andrology, University Hospital Tsaritsa Yoanna-ISUL, 8 Byalo More Str., 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: urolithiasis; endourology; prostate cancer; reconstructive urology; urological oncology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer and the second cancer-related cause of death in men, with 1,414,259 new cases and 375,304 deaths reported in 2020. It represents an enormous burden on the healthcare system and the economy, and currently presents several formidable challenges: 

  • It is a highly clinically heterogeneous disease, and its biological progression varies from an indolent process, with minimal probability of affecting the patient’s life span and quality of life, to aggressive behaviour with obvious potential for metastatic and cancer-related death. The current methods used for stratification, personalisation and prognosis are imperfect, with significant over-treatment of less aggressive cases of the disease and probable under-treatment of cases with metastatic potential at diagnosis.
  • Prostate cancer is notorious for its multifocality with significant morphological and molecular heterogeneity, even between different foci in the same patient, as well as in the same focus. This complex network of molecular mechanisms in different tumour cell clones leads to significant genomic and phenotypic heterogeneity, which represents a significant challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.

The above issues highlight the urgent need for the identification of new molecular biomarkers for prostate cancer, with the aim of improving screening programs and assisting in the stratification, clinical decision-making and implementation of personalised medicine for prostate cancer patients. This Special Issue is dedicated to recent progress and future trends in this field, and we welcome original papers, review articles and opinions from experts in the field.

Dr. Elenko Popov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prostate cancer
  • miRNAs
  • cancer epigenetics
  • heterogeneity
  • risk stratification
  • circulating tumour cells
  • PCA3
  • TMPRSS2:ERG
  • metabolomics
  • androgen receptor
  • personalised medicine
  • clinical decision-making
 

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 5666 KiB  
Article
The Transcriptomic Profiles of ESR1 and MMP3 Stratify the Risk of Biochemical Recurrence in Primary Prostate Cancer beyond Clinical Features
by Michał Olczak, Magdalena Julita Orzechowska, Andrzej K. Bednarek and Marek Lipiński
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(9), 8399; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098399 - 7 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1570
Abstract
The molecular determinants of the heterogenic course of prostate cancer (PC) remain elusive. We aimed to determine the drivers predisposing to unfavorable PC outcomes anticipated by BCR events among patients of similar preoperative characteristics. The TCGA transcriptomic and clinical data of 497 PC [...] Read more.
The molecular determinants of the heterogenic course of prostate cancer (PC) remain elusive. We aimed to determine the drivers predisposing to unfavorable PC outcomes anticipated by BCR events among patients of similar preoperative characteristics. The TCGA transcriptomic and clinical data of 497 PC individuals were used, stratified according to the risk of BCR by EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-SIOG. The relevance of the functional markers regarding BCR-free survival was examined by the cutp algorithm. Through UpSetR, subgroups of PC patients bearing an unfavorable signature were identified, followed by the hierarchical clustering of the major markers of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). BCR-free survival was estimated with the Cox proportional hazards regression model. ESR1 significantly differentiated BCR-free survival, whereas AR did not. An elevation in KLK3 correlated with better prognosis, although PGR, KLK3, CDH1, and MMP3 predicted BCR better than the preoperative PSA level. Patients sharing an unfavorable profile of ESR1 and MMP3 together with lymph node status, Gleason score, T, and EAU risk groups were at a higher risk of BCR originating from mesenchymal features of PC cells. To conclude, we revealed an ESR1-driven unfavorable profile of EMT underpinning a worse PC trajectory. ESR1 may have a major role in PC progression; therefore, it could become a major focus for further investigations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Roles of Tumor Markers in Prostate Adenocarcinoma)
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Review

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10 pages, 249 KiB  
Review
Precision Medicine in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Advances, Challenges, and the Landscape of PARPi Therapy—A Narrative Review
by George Dimitrov, Radoslav Mangaldzhiev, Chavdar Slavov and Elenko Popov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(4), 2184; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042184 - 11 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1424
Abstract
After recent approvals, poly-adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) have emerged as a frontline treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Unlike their restricted use in breast or ovarian cancers, where approval is limited to those with BRCA1/2 alterations, PARPis in mCRPC are [...] Read more.
After recent approvals, poly-adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) have emerged as a frontline treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Unlike their restricted use in breast or ovarian cancers, where approval is limited to those with BRCA1/2 alterations, PARPis in mCRPC are applied across a broader spectrum of genetic aberrations. Key findings from the phase III PROPEL trial suggest that PARPis’ accessibility may broaden, even without mandatory testing. An increasing body of evidence underscores the importance of distinct alterations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes, revealing unique sensitivities to PARPis. Nonetheless, despite the initial effectiveness of PARPis in treating BRCA-mutated tumors, resistance to therapy is frequently encountered. This review aims to discuss patient stratification based on biomarkers and genetic signatures, offering insights into the nuances of first-line PARPis’ efficacy in the intricate landscape of mCRPC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Roles of Tumor Markers in Prostate Adenocarcinoma)
16 pages, 328 KiB  
Review
Can We Predict Prostate Cancer Metastasis Based on Biomarkers? Where Are We Now?
by Ignacio F. San Francisco, Pablo A. Rojas, Juan C. Bravo, Jorge Díaz, Luis Ebel, Sebastián Urrutia, Benjamín Prieto and Javier Cerda-Infante
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(15), 12508; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512508 - 7 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1742
Abstract
The incidence of prostate cancer (PC) has risen annually. PC mortality is explained by the metastatic disease (mPC). There is an intermediate scenario in which patients have non-mPC but have initiated a metastatic cascade through epithelial–mesenchymal transition. There is indeed a need for [...] Read more.
The incidence of prostate cancer (PC) has risen annually. PC mortality is explained by the metastatic disease (mPC). There is an intermediate scenario in which patients have non-mPC but have initiated a metastatic cascade through epithelial–mesenchymal transition. There is indeed a need for more and better tools to predict which patients will progress in the future to non-localized clinical disease or already have micrometastatic disease and, therefore, will clinically progress after primary treatment. Biomarkers for the prediction of mPC are still under development; there are few studies and not much evidence of their usefulness. This review is focused on tissue-based genomic biomarkers (TBGB) for the prediction of metastatic disease. We develop four main research questions that we attempt to answer according to the current evidence. Why is it important to predict metastatic disease? Which tests are available to predict metastatic disease? What impact should there be on clinical guidelines and clinical practice in predicting metastatic disease? What are the current prostate cancer treatments? The importance of predicting metastasis is fundamental given that, once metastasis is diagnosed, quality of life (QoL) and survival drop dramatically. There is still a need and space for more cost-effective TBGB tests that predict mPC disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current and Future Roles of Tumor Markers in Prostate Adenocarcinoma)
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