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Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammatory Skin Diseases
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Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammatory Skin Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 December 2023) | Viewed by 4962

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Andrea Szegedi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Dermatology, MTA Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
Interests: atopic skin disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Our understanding of the field of inflammatory skin diseases has developed dynamically in recent decades, which has resulted new biological therapies and targeted, small-molecule-type therapies. In spite of these valuable developments, patients experiencing these skin diseases remain uncured but treated; sometimes, these diseases are lifelong, and many unmet needs remain in this field. More effective and safe therapies, new methods to help facilitate earlier diagnosis, and specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are also expected to be developed. To be able to fulfil these requirements, scientists and clinicians should better understand the molecular pathogenesis of these diseases, especially regarding the disease driver primary events and the fine pathogenic distinctions within the subgroups of these diseases. This knowledge can help us to understand different phenotypes and stratifications of patients and choose among existing therapies or even develop new ones.

This Special Issue welcomes scientific investigations regarding the broad field of inflammatory skin diseases, particularly focusing on psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, alopecia, and hidradenitis suppurativa. Molecular research aiming to help to answer open questions related to their pathomechanisms and diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties are all considered as important topics.

Prof. Dr. Andrea Szegedi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 5281 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Ozonated Olive Oil against Bacteria of Various Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles Isolated from Wounds of Companion Animals
by Anna Lenart-Boroń, Klaudia Stankiewicz, Klaudia Bulanda, Natalia Czernecka, Miłosz Heliasz, Walter Hunter, Anna Ratajewicz, Karen Khachatryan and Gohar Khachatryan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3557; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063557 - 21 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1099
Abstract
Frequent colonization and bacterial infection of skin wounds in small animals prevent or impair their healing. However, the broadly applied antimicrobial therapy of wounds is not always necessary and promotes the spread of bacterial resistance. Thus, alternatives to antimicrobial therapy, including preventive measures [...] Read more.
Frequent colonization and bacterial infection of skin wounds in small animals prevent or impair their healing. However, the broadly applied antimicrobial therapy of wounds is not always necessary and promotes the spread of bacterial resistance. Thus, alternatives to antimicrobial therapy, including preventive measures in the form of wound dressings with antibiotic properties, should be searched for. The aim of this study was to develop a new, efficient, cost-effective and non-toxic formulation with antimicrobial properties to serve as an alternative to antibiotic administration in wound-healing stimulation in companion animals. Nano/microencapsulated ozonated olive oil in a hyaluronan matrix was developed, with ozone concentration high enough to prevent bacterial growth. The presence and size of nano- and microcapsules were determined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Antibacterial activity of developed formulations was examined in vitro on 101 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the wounds of companion animals. The highest ozone concentration in the developed formulations inhibited the growth of 40.59% bacteria. Species and genus-specific differences in reactions were observed. Enterococcus spp. proved the least susceptible while non-pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria were the most susceptible to the examined formulations. Changes in the bacterial morphology and cell structure of Psychrobacter sanguinis suspension mixed with Ca-stabilized formulations with nano/microencapsulated ozonized olive oil were revealed during SEM observations. The combination of compounds that promote wound healing (hyaluronic acid, olive oil, ozone and calcium) with the antibacterial activity of the developed formula makes it a promising bionanocomposite for use as a topical dressing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammatory Skin Diseases)
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18 pages, 3018 KiB  
Article
N,N-Dimethylglycine Sodium Salt Exerts Marked Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Various Dermatitis Models and Activates Human Epidermal Keratinocytes by Increasing Proliferation, Migration, and Growth Factor Release
by Alexandra Lendvai, Gabriella Béke, Erika Hollósi, Maike Becker, Jörn Michael Völker, Erik Schulze zur Wiesche, Attila Bácsi, Tamás Bíró and Johanna Mihály
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11264; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411264 - 9 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1790
Abstract
N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) is a naturally occurring compound being widely used as an oral supplement to improve growth and physical performance. Thus far, its effects on human skin have not been described in the literature. For the first time, we show that N,N-dimethylglycine sodium [...] Read more.
N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) is a naturally occurring compound being widely used as an oral supplement to improve growth and physical performance. Thus far, its effects on human skin have not been described in the literature. For the first time, we show that N,N-dimethylglycine sodium salt (DMG-Na) promoted the proliferation of cultured human epidermal HaCaT keratinocytes. Even at high doses, DMG-Na did not compromise the cellular viability of these cells. In a scratch wound-closure assay, DMG-Na augmented the rate of wound closure, demonstrating that it promotes keratinocyte migration. Further, DMG-Na treatment of the cells resulted in the upregulation of the synthesis and release of specific growth factors. Intriguingly, DMG-Na also exerted robust anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as assessed in three different models of human keratinocytes, mimicking microbial and allergic contact dermatitis as well as psoriasis and UVB irradiation-induced solar dermatitis. These results identify DMG-Na as a highly promising novel active compound to promote epidermal proliferation, regeneration, and repair, and to exert protective functions. Further preclinical and clinical studies are under investigation to prove the seminal impact of topically applied DMG-Na on relevant conditions of the skin and its appendages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammatory Skin Diseases)
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15 pages, 3001 KiB  
Article
The Endogenous Dual Retinoid Receptor Agonist Alitretinoin Exhibits Immunoregulatory Functions on Antigen-Presenting Cells
by Andreas Kislat, Peter Olah, Marcus Kuchner, Peter Arne Gerber, Jürgen Schrader, Stephan Meller and Bernhard Homey
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9654; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119654 - 2 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1375
Abstract
Retinoids are a frequently used class of drugs in the treatment of inflammatory as well as malignant skin diseases. Retinoids have differential affinity for the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and/or the retinoid X receptor (RXR). The endogenous dual RAR and RXR agonist alitretinoin [...] Read more.
Retinoids are a frequently used class of drugs in the treatment of inflammatory as well as malignant skin diseases. Retinoids have differential affinity for the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and/or the retinoid X receptor (RXR). The endogenous dual RAR and RXR agonist alitretinoin (9-cis retinoic acid) demonstrated remarkable efficacy in the treatment of chronic hand eczema (CHE) patients; however, detailed information on the mechanisms of action remains elusive. Here, we used CHE as a model disease to unravel immunomodulatory pathways following retinoid receptor signaling. Transcriptome analyses of skin specimens from alitretinoin-responder CHE patients identified 231 significantly regulated genes. Bioinformatic analyses indicated keratinocytes as well as antigen presenting cells as cellular targets of alitretinoin. In keratinocytes, alitretinoin interfered with inflammation-associated barrier gene dysregulation as well as antimicrobial peptide induction while markedly inducing hyaluronan synthases without affecting hyaluronidase expression. In monocyte-derived dendritic cells, alitretinoin induced distinct morphological and phenotypic characteristics with low co-stimulatory molecule expression (CD80 and CD86), the increased secretion of IL-10 and the upregulation of the ecto-5′-nucleotidase CD73 mimicking immunomodulatory or tolerogenic dendritic cells. Indeed, alitretinoin-treated dendritic cells demonstrated a significantly reduced capacity to activate T cells in mixed leukocyte reactions. In a direct comparison, alitretinoin-mediated effects were significantly stronger than those observed for the RAR agonist acitretin. Moreover, longitudinal monitoring of alitretinoin-responder CHE patients could confirm in vitro findings. Taken together, we demonstrate that the dual RAR and RXR agonist alitretinoin targets epidermal dysregulation and demonstrates strong immunomodulatory effects on antigen presenting cell functions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammatory Skin Diseases)
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