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Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutics in Viral Hepatitis

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 3209

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
2. Liver Diseases-Viral Hepatitis, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: viral hepatitis; hepatitis B and D viruses; gene therapy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
2. Liver Disease Unit, Department of Microbiology, Fundació Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: virology and infectious disease; HIV, viral hepatitis (especially HBV and HDV); SARS-CoV-2

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral hepatitis affect hundreds of millions of people and represent a huge burden of disease worldwide. For this purpose, the WHO have launched a global strategy to eliminate viral hepatitis as a major health threat by 2030. However, important challenges remain to be overcome. Despite the high efficiency of current direct acting antivirals, the lack of a preventing vaccine against HCV is still an important drawback for its elimination in high-risk groups. On the other hand, although the availability of an effective vaccine against HBV and HDV, these infections still interest an extremely high number of people worldwide and they cannot be eradicated with the currently used antiviral strategies. HAV and HEV, although cause self-limited infections, can also be responsible for severe and fulminant cases of hepatitis, and even chronic hepatitis in presence of immune deficiency. Improving knowledge on hepatitis viruses and their interplay with the host is essential to understand how to control the infection and develop new curative antiviral strategies. In addition, there is an urgent need to scale up testing for HBV, HCV and HDV, to grant access to care to patients whom these infections go unnoticed. This Special Issue aims to open a window on the new findings on viral hepatitis virology, immunology and therapeutics, and the translation of that knowledge to diagnosis or clinical practice.

Dr. David Tabernero
Dr. Maria Francesca Cortese
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • viral hepatitis
  • liver disease pathogenesis
  • direct acting antivirals
  • gene therapy
  • immune system
  • immunomodulatory treatments
  • epidemiology
  • viral quasispecies

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 5086 KiB  
Article
Hydrogen Peroxide Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Downregulating HBx Levels via Siah-1-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation in Human Hepatoma Cells
by Hyunyoung Yoon, Hye-Kyoung Lee and Kyung Lib Jang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(17), 13354; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713354 - 28 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1108
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is constantly exposed to significant oxidative stress characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2, during infection in hepatocytes of patients. In this study, we demonstrated that H2O [...] Read more.
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is constantly exposed to significant oxidative stress characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2, during infection in hepatocytes of patients. In this study, we demonstrated that H2O2 inhibits HBV replication in a p53-dependent fashion in human hepatoma cell lines expressing sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide. Interestingly, H2O2 failed to inhibit the replication of an HBV X protein (HBx)-null HBV mutant, but this defect was successfully complemented by ectopic expression of HBx. Additionally, H2O2 upregulated p53 levels, leading to increased expression of seven in absentia homolog 1 (Siah-1) levels. Siah-1, an E3 ligase, induced the ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation of HBx. The inhibitory effect of H2O2 was nearly abolished not only by treatment with a representative antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine but also by knockdown of either p53 or Siah-1 using specific short hairpin RNA, confirming the role of p53 and Siah-1 in the inhibition of HBV replication by H2O2. The present study provides insights into the mechanism that regulates HBV replication under conditions of oxidative stress in patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutics in Viral Hepatitis)
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15 pages, 1878 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Extracellular Vesicle Isolation Methods for miRNA Sequencing
by Meritxell Llorens-Revull, Brenda Martínez-González, Josep Quer, Juan Ignacio Esteban, Gonzalo Núñez-Moreno, Pablo Mínguez, Idoia Burgui, Ricardo Ramos-Ruíz, María Eugenia Soria, Angie Rico, Mar Riveiro-Barciela, Silvia Sauleda, María Piron, Irene Corrales, Francesc E. Borràs, Francisco Rodríguez-Frías, Ariadna Rando, Clara Ramírez-Serra, Silvia Camós, Esteban Domingo, Marta Bes, Celia Perales and Maria Isabel Costafredaadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(15), 12183; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512183 - 29 Jul 2023
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. However, discrepancies in miRNA patterns and their validation are still frequent due to differences in sample origin, EV isolation, and miRNA sequencing methods. The aim of the present study is [...] Read more.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. However, discrepancies in miRNA patterns and their validation are still frequent due to differences in sample origin, EV isolation, and miRNA sequencing methods. The aim of the present study is to find a reliable EV isolation method for miRNA sequencing, adequate for clinical application. To this aim, two comparative studies were performed in parallel with the same human plasma sample: (i) isolation and characterization of EVs obtained using three procedures: size exclusion chromatography (SEC), iodixanol gradient (GRAD), and its combination (SEC+GRAD) and (ii) evaluation of the yield of miRNA sequences obtained using NextSeq 500 (Illumina) and three miRNA library preparation protocols: NEBNext, NEXTFlex, and SMARTer smRNA-seq. The conclusion of comparison (i) is that recovery of the largest amount of EVs and reproducibility were attained with SEC, but GRAD and SEC+GRAD yielded purer EV preparations. The conclusion of (ii) is that the NEBNext library showed the highest reproducibility in the number of miRNAs recovered and the highest diversity of miRNAs. These results render the combination of GRAD EV isolation and NEBNext library preparation for miRNA retrieval as adequate for clinical applications using plasma samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutics in Viral Hepatitis)
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