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Leptin 3.0
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Leptin 3.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 11573

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Víctor Sánchez-Margalet

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
Interests: leptin structure; leptin expression regulation; leptin receptor; leptin signaling; leptin action at central level; leptin as adipokine; leptin as a cornerstone of immunometabolism; leptin as link between obesity and associated pathophysiology, such as diabetes, cancer, rheumatologic diseases, or cardiovascular diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Twenty five years ago, an important element in the regulation of weight was discovered: leptin. It was recognized as the adipocyte signal that informs the brain about fat stores, and it had been searched for for a long time. Thus, leptin could explain obesity as a failure of communication between fat and brain, either by leptin or leptin receptor mutation. However, soon after, leptin was found to be the first described adipokine that mediates the inflammatory state of obesity. In fact, leptin receptors and signalling share many features of of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, leptin has been found to be the cornerstone of immunometabolism, and there is a link between obesity and many associated pathophysiological conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, pathology of reproduction and pregnancy, and cancer.  

The aim of this Special Issue is to summarize the knowledge of leptin function and its role in the pathophysiology of obesity-associated diseases at the molecular level.

Topics of the Special Issue include but are not limited to the following:

  • Leptin structure and its importance for brain functioning;
  • Leptin expression regulation;
  • Leptin receptor structure and isoforms;
  • Leptin receptor expression regulation;
  • Leptin and leptin receptor mutations and polymorphisms;
  • Leptin and immunometabolism;
  • Leptin and diabetes;
  • Leptin and cardiovascular disease;
  • Leptin and autoimmune diseases;
  • Leptin and reproduction;
  • Leptin and cancer.

Prof. Dr. Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • leptin
  • leptin expression
  • leptin receptor
  • leptin action
  • obesity
  • immunometabolism
  • obesity associated pathology

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3264 KiB  
Article
The Acute Effects of Leptin on the Contractility of Isolated Rat Atrial and Ventricular Cardiomyocytes
by Anastasia Khokhlova, Tatiana Myachina, Xenia Butova, Anastasia Kochurova, Ekaterina Polyakova, Michael Galagudza, Olga Solovyova, Galina Kopylova and Daniil Shchepkin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(15), 8356; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158356 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1591
Abstract
Leptin is a pleiotropic peptide playing an important role in the regulation of cardiac functions. It is not clear whether leptin directly modulates the mechanical function of atrial cardiomyocytes. We compared the acute effects of leptin on the characteristics of mechanically non-loaded sarcomere [...] Read more.
Leptin is a pleiotropic peptide playing an important role in the regulation of cardiac functions. It is not clear whether leptin directly modulates the mechanical function of atrial cardiomyocytes. We compared the acute effects of leptin on the characteristics of mechanically non-loaded sarcomere shortening and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) transients in single rat atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes. We also studied the functional properties of myosin obtained from cardiomyocytes using an in vitro motility assay and assessed the sarcomeric protein phosphorylation. Single cardiomyocytes were exposed to 5, 20, and 60 nM leptin for 60 min. In ventricular cardiomyocytes, 60 nM leptin depressed sarcomere shortening amplitude and decreased the rates of shortening and relaxation. These effects were accompanied by a decrease in the phosphorylation of cMyBP-C, an increase in Tpm phosphorylation, and a slowdown of the sliding velocity of thin filaments over myosin in the in vitro motility assay. In contrast, in atrial cardiomyocytes, the phosphorylation of cMyBP-C and TnI increased, and the characteristics of sarcomere shortening did not change. Leptin had no effect on the characteristics of [Ca2+]i transients in ventricular cardiomyocytes, while 5 nM leptin prolonged [Ca2+]i transients in atrial cardiomyocytes. Thus, leptin-induced changes in contractility of ventricular cardiomyocytes may be attributed to the direct effects of leptin on cross-bridge kinetics and sarcomeric protein properties rather than changes in [Ca2+]i. We also suggest that the observed differences between atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes may be associated with the peculiarities of the expression of leptin receptors, as well as signaling pathways in the atrial and ventricular myocardium. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leptin 3.0)
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24 pages, 4606 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Leptin on the Blood Hormonal Profile (Cortisol, Insulin, Thyroid Hormones) of the Ewe in Acute Inflammation in Two Different Photoperiodical Conditions
by Agata Krawczyńska, Andrzej Przemysław Herman, Hanna Antushevich, Joanna Bochenek, Karolina Wojtulewicz and Dorota Anna Zieba
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(15), 8109; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158109 - 23 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1534
Abstract
As a day animal with sensitivity to inflammation similar to that of humans, the sheep may highly outperform the rodent model in inflammation studies. Additionally, seasonality makes sheep an interesting model in endocrinology research. Although there are studies concerning inflammation’s influence on leptin [...] Read more.
As a day animal with sensitivity to inflammation similar to that of humans, the sheep may highly outperform the rodent model in inflammation studies. Additionally, seasonality makes sheep an interesting model in endocrinology research. Although there are studies concerning inflammation’s influence on leptin secretion and vice versa, a ewe model, with its possible ‘long-day leptin resistance’, is still not examined enough. The present study aimed to examine whether leptin may modulate an acute inflammation influence on plasma hormones in two photoperiodical conditions. The experiment was conducted on 48 ewes divided into four groups (control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leptin, LPS + leptin) during short and long days. Blood sampling started 1 hour before and continued 3 h after LPS/saline administration for further hormonal analysis. The results showed that the photoperiod is one of the main factors influencing the basal concentrations of several hormones with higher values of leptin, insulin and thyroid hormones during long days. Additionally, the acute inflammation effect on cortisol, insulin and thyroid hormones was photoperiod-dependent. The endotoxemia may also exert an influence on leptin concentration regardless of season. The effects of leptin alone on hormone blood concentrations are rather limited; however, leptin can modulate the LPS influence on insulin or thyroxine in a photoperiod-dependent way. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leptin 3.0)
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Review

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13 pages, 2652 KiB  
Review
Role of Leptin as a Link between Asthma and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Helena Sánchez-Ortega, Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana, José P. Novalbos-Ruiz, Ana Gómez-Bastero, José G. Soto-Campos and Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 546; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010546 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2201
Abstract
Asthma and obesity are considered as highly prevalent diseases with a great impact on public health. Obesity has been demonstrated to be an aggravating factor in the pathogenesis of asthma. Adipose tissue secretes proinflammatory cytokines and mediators, including leptin, which may promote the [...] Read more.
Asthma and obesity are considered as highly prevalent diseases with a great impact on public health. Obesity has been demonstrated to be an aggravating factor in the pathogenesis of asthma. Adipose tissue secretes proinflammatory cytokines and mediators, including leptin, which may promote the development and severity of asthma in obese patients. This study is a systematic review and a meta-analysis based on the relationship between leptin and asthma during obesity. MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were used. Data heterogeneity was analyzed using Cochran’s Q and treatment effect with the DerSimonian and Laird method. Random effect analyses were carried out to test data sensitivity. Asymmetry was estimated using Begg’s and Egger’s tests. All studies showed significant differences in leptin levels. The effect of the measures (p < 0.001), data sensitivity (p < 0.05) and data asymmetry were statistically significant, as well as tBegg’s test (p = 0.010) and Egge’s test (p < 0.001). Despite the existing limiting factors, the results of this study support the relevant role of leptin in the pathophysiology of asthma in obese subjects. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to obtain better insight in the relationship between leptin and asthma in obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leptin 3.0)
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21 pages, 1460 KiB  
Review
Obesity and Risk for Lymphoma: Possible Role of Leptin
by Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana, Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto, Daniel J. García-Domínguez, Fernando Zapata, Natalia Palazón-Carrión, María L. Sánchez-León, Malika Tami, Antonio Pérez-Pérez, Flora Sánchez-Jiménez, Teresa Vilariño-García, Luis de la Cruz-Merino and Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15530; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415530 - 8 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1860
Abstract
Obesity, which is considered a pandemic due to its high prevalence, is a risk factor for many types of cancers, including lymphoma, through a variety of mechanisms by promoting an inflammatory state. Specifically, over the last few decades, obesity has been suggested not [...] Read more.
Obesity, which is considered a pandemic due to its high prevalence, is a risk factor for many types of cancers, including lymphoma, through a variety of mechanisms by promoting an inflammatory state. Specifically, over the last few decades, obesity has been suggested not only to increase the risk of lymphoma but also to be associated with poor clinical outcomes and worse responses to different treatments for those diseases. Within the extensive range of proinflammatory mediators that adipose tissue releases, leptin has been demonstrated to be a key adipokine due to its pleotropic effects in many physiological systems and diseases. In this sense, different studies have analyzed leptin levels and leptin/leptin receptor expressions as a probable bridge between obesity and lymphomas. Since both obesity and lymphomas are prevalent pathophysiological conditions worldwide and their incidences have increased over the last few years, here we review the possible role of leptin as a promising proinflammatory mediator promoting lymphomas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leptin 3.0)
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21 pages, 2789 KiB  
Review
Leptin Signaling in Obesity and Colorectal Cancer
by Claudia Terezia Socol, Alexandra Chira, Maria Antonia Martinez-Sanchez, Maria Angeles Nuñez-Sanchez, Cristina Maria Maerescu, Daniel Mierlita, Alexandru Vasile Rusu, Antonio Jose Ruiz-Alcaraz, Monica Trif and Bruno Ramos-Molina
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 4713; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094713 - 24 Apr 2022
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 3708
Abstract
Obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) are among the leading diseases causing deaths in the world, showing a complex multifactorial pathology. Obesity is considered a risk factor in CRC development through inflammation, metabolic, and signaling processes. Leptin is one of the most important adipokines [...] Read more.
Obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) are among the leading diseases causing deaths in the world, showing a complex multifactorial pathology. Obesity is considered a risk factor in CRC development through inflammation, metabolic, and signaling processes. Leptin is one of the most important adipokines related to obesity and an important proinflammatory marker, mainly expressed in adipose tissue, with many genetic variation profiles, many related influencing factors, and various functions that have been ascribed but not yet fully understood and elucidated, the most important ones being related to energy metabolism, as well as endocrine and immune systems. Aberrant signaling and genetic variations of leptin are correlated with obesity and CRC, with the genetic causality showing both inherited and acquired events, in addition to lifestyle and environmental risk factors; these might also be related to specific pathogenic pathways at different time points. Moreover, mutation gain is a crucial factor enabling the genetic process of CRC. Currently, the inconsistent and insufficient data related to leptin’s relationship with obesity and CRC indicate the necessity of further related studies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on leptin genetics and its potential relationship with the main pathogenic pathways of obesity and CRC, in an attempt to understand the molecular mechanisms of these associations, in the context of inconsistent and contradictory data. The understanding of these mechanisms linking obesity and CRC could help to develop novel therapeutic targets and prevention strategies, resulting in a better prognosis and management of these diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leptin 3.0)
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