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New Approaches for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Health Alterations: A Focus in Probiotics, Parabiotics and Postbiotics

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 18511

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Iñaki Milton-Laskibar

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Guest Editor

1. Cardiometabolic Nutrition Group, IMDEA Food Institute, 28049 Madrid, Spain
2. CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Interests: obesity; diabetes; NAFLD; lipid metabolism; autophagy; mitochondria; polyphenols
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. María P. Portillo

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor

1. Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lucio Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria, Spain
2. CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
3. BIOARABA Institute of Health, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
Interests: molecular nutrition; nutritional and metabolic diseases; adipocytes; hepatocytes; lipogenesis; fat; inflammatory biomarkers; obesity; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; insulin signaling; insulin; glucose metabolism; lipid metabolism; insulin resistance; adipogenesis; adipose tissue; liver
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic syndrome is a health condition in which several risk factors, such as increased waist circumference, high fasting blood glucose, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia (increased blood triglyceride and decreased HDL cholesterol levels) occur simultaneously, enhancing the risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, or atherosclerosis. Moreover, the aforementioned risk factors can also derive metabolic diseases such as obesity or diabetes, which like metabolic syndrome may increase the risk of developing further health impairments. Indeed, metabolic syndrome and related health alterations are not only among the most prevalent non-communicable diseases in Western societies, but are also considered the main causes of early death. Despite the importance and high prevalence of these health alterations, their treatment is usually based in lifestyle modification informed by dietary advice and physical activity programs, which in turn show limited success due to low adherence.

In this scenario, the scientific community is constantly looking for bioactive compounds that may exert potential benefits and thus result as useful tools for the prevention or treatment of metabolic syndrome and related health alterations. In this regard, due to the involvement of gut microbiota in the development of the aforementioned impairments, the usage of probiotics, which is common for other conditions such as constipation, has been proposed. However, since the use of probiotics implies the administration of viable bacteria, a great deal of attention has recently been paid to parabiotics (non-viable microorganisms) and postbiotics (metabolites produced by probiotic bacteria) as potential alternative approaches.

This Special Issue aims to provide up-to-date information regarding the current knowledge and research in the use of probiotics, parabiotics, and postbiotics in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and related health alterations. Authors are invited to contribute current original research (molecule-level study or preclinical studies) as well as review articles.

Dr. Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
Prof. Dr. María P. Portillo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

metabolic syndrome
obesity
diabetes
NAFLD
microbiota
probiotics

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 2780 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Metformin Influence on the Intestinal Microbiota and Organism of Rats with Metabolic Syndrome

by Elena Ermolenko, Anna Simanenkova, Lyubov Voropaeva, Nadezhda Lavrenova, Maryna Kotyleva, Sarkis Minasian, Alena Chernikova, Natalya Timkina, Nikita Gladyshev, Alexander Dmitriev, Alexander Suvorov, Michael Galagudza and Tatiana Karonova

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(12), 6837; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126837 - 20 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2371

Abstract

Metformin is a first-line drug for DM2 treatment and prevention, but its complex effect on impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), including its influence on myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury, is not completely studied. We aimed to evaluate the influence of metformin on the intestinal microbiota (IM), metabolism, and functional and morphological characteristics of myocardium in rats with IGT. IGT was modelled in SPF Wistar rats with a high-fat diet and streptozotocin and nicotinamide injection. Rats were divided into three groups: IGT (without treatment), IGT MET (metformin therapy), and CRL (without IGT induction and treatment). IGT group was characterized by: higher body weight, increased serum glucose and total cholesterol levels, atherogenic coefficient, impairment in the functional parameters of the isolated heart during perfusion, and larger myocardium infarction (MI) size in comparison with the CRL group. IM of IGT rats differed from that of CRL: an increase of Bacteroides, Acinetobacter, Akkermansia, Roseburia, and a decrease of Lactobacillus genera representation. Metformin therapy led to the diminishing of metabolic syndrome (MS) symptoms, which correlated with IM restoration, especially with the growth of Akkermansia spp. and decline of Roseburia populations and their influence on other members of IM. The obtained results allow us to consider from a new point of view the expediency of probiotic A. muciniphila use for MS treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Approaches for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Health Alterations: A Focus in Probiotics, Parabiotics and Postbiotics)

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18 pages, 3858 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pediococcus acidilactici CECT9879 (pA1c) Counteracts the Effect of a High-Glucose Exposure in C. elegans by Affecting the Insulin Signaling Pathway (IIS)

by Deyan Yavorov-Dayliev, Fermín I. Milagro, Josune Ayo, María Oneca and Paula Aranaz

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(5), 2689; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052689 - 28 Feb 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3417

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome-related diseases, including type-2 diabetes and obesity, makes it urgent to develop new alternative therapies, such as probiotics. In this study, we have used Caenorhabditis elegans under a high-glucose condition as a model to examine the potential probiotic activities of Pediococcusacidilactici CECT9879 (pA1c). The supplementation with pA1c reduced C. elegans fat accumulation in a nematode growth medium (NGM) and in a high-glucose (10 mM) NGM medium. Moreover, treatment with pA1c counteracted the effect of the high glucose by reducing reactive oxygen species by 20%, retarding the aging process and extending the nematode median survival (>2 days in comparison with untreated control worms). Gene expression analyses demonstrated that the probiotic metabolic syndrome-alleviating activities were mediated by modulation of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway (IIS) through the reversion of the glucose-nuclear-localization of daf-16 and the overexpression of ins-6 and daf-16 mediators, increased expression of fatty acid (FA) peroxisomal β-oxidation genes, and downregulation of FA biosynthesis key genes. Taken together, our data suggest that pA1c could be considered a potential probiotic strain for the prevention of the metabolic syndrome-related disturbances and highlight the use of C. elegans as an appropriate in vivo model for the study of the mechanisms underlying these diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Approaches for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Health Alterations: A Focus in Probiotics, Parabiotics and Postbiotics)

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Review

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21 pages, 1663 KiB

Open AccessReview

Maternal Supplementation of Probiotics, Prebiotics or Postbiotics to Prevent Offspring Metabolic Syndrome: The Gap between Preclinical Results and Clinical Translation

by Ying-Hua Huang, You-Lin Tain and Chien-Ning Hsu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(17), 10173; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710173 - 05 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3670

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an extremely prevalent complex trait and it can originate in early life. This concept is now being termed the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). Increasing evidence supports that disturbance of gut microbiota influences various risk factors of MetS. The DOHaD theory provides an innovative strategy to prevent MetS through early intervention (i.e., reprogramming). In this review, we summarize the existing literature that supports how environmental cues induced MetS of developmental origins and the interplay between gut microbiota and other fundamental underlying mechanisms. We also present an overview of experimental animal models addressing implementation of gut microbiota-targeted reprogramming interventions to avert the programming of MetS. Even with growing evidence from animal studies supporting the uses of gut microbiota-targeted therapies start before birth to protect against MetS of developmental origins, their effects on pregnant women are still unknown and these results require further clinical translation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Approaches for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Health Alterations: A Focus in Probiotics, Parabiotics and Postbiotics)

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21 pages, 731 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effects of Probiotic Supplementation during Pregnancy on the Future Maternal Risk of Metabolic Syndrome

by Aleksandra Obuchowska, Kamila Gorczyca, Arkadiusz Standyło, Karolina Obuchowska, Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar, Magdalena Wierzchowska-Opoka and Bożena Leszczyńska-Gorzelak

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(15), 8253; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158253 - 26 Jul 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4058

Abstract

Probiotics are live microorganisms that induce health benefits in the host. Taking probiotics is generally safe and well tolerated by pregnant women and their children. Consumption of probiotics can result in both prophylactic and therapeutic effects. In healthy adult humans, the gut microbiome is stable at the level of the dominant taxa: Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and has a higher presence of Verrucomicrobia. During pregnancy, an increase in the number of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla and a decrease in the beneficial species Roseburia intestinalis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are observed. Pregnancy is a “window” to the mother’s future health. The aim of this paper is to review studies assessing the potentially beneficial effects of probiotics in preventing the development of diseases that appear during pregnancy, which are currently considered as risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome, and consequently, reducing the risk of developing maternal metabolic syndrome in the future. The use of probiotics in gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia and excessive gestational weight gain is reviewed. Probiotics are a relatively new intervention that can prevent the development of these disorders during pregnancy, and thus, would reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome resulting from these disorders in the mother’s future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Approaches for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Health Alterations: A Focus in Probiotics, Parabiotics and Postbiotics)

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25 pages, 1221 KiB

Open AccessReview

Usefulness of Probiotics in the Management of NAFLD: Evidence and Involved Mechanisms of Action from Preclinical and Human Models

by Laura Arellano-García, María P. Portillo, J. Alfredo Martínez and Iñaki Milton-Laskibar

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(6), 3167; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063167 - 15 Mar 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3853

Abstract

The present review aims at analyzing the current evidence regarding probiotic administration for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) management. Additionally, the involved mechanisms of action modulated by probiotic administration, as well as the eventual limitations of this therapeutic approach and potential alternatives, are discussed. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the administration of single-strain probiotics and probiotic mixtures effectively prevents diet-induced NAFLD. In both cases, the magnitude of the described effects, as well as the involved mechanisms of action, are comparable, including reduced liver lipid accumulation (due to lipogenesis downregulation and fatty acid oxidation upregulation), recovery of gut microbiota composition and enhanced intestinal integrity. Similar results have also been reported in clinical trials, where the administration of probiotics proved to be effective in the treatment of NAFLD in patients featuring this liver condition. In this case, information regarding the mechanisms of action underlying probiotics-mediated hepatoprotective effects is scarcer (mainly due to the difficulty of liver sample collection). Since probiotics administration represents an increased risk of infection in vulnerable subjects, much attention has been paid to parabiotics and postbiotics, which seem to be effective in the management of several metabolic diseases, and thus represent a suitable alternative to probiotic usage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Approaches for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Health Alterations: A Focus in Probiotics, Parabiotics and Postbiotics)

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