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New Advances in Inflammasomes
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New Advances in Inflammasomes

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 4044

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mariapaola Marino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Sezione di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
2. Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: immunology; autoimmunity; inflammation; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Umberto Basile

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Head of Clinical Pathology Unit, Hospital “Santa Maria Goretti” ASL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy
Interests: autoimmunity; cancer; monoclonal gammopathy; minimal residual disease; biomarkers; other biological fluid; new technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The increased morbidity and mortality due to the coronavirus disease 2019 in subjects with chronic conditions and a compromised immune system result from the host–coronavirus interaction, and inflammasomes have been proposed as important players. The activation of inflammasomes, which are multimeric protein complexes, is a crucial component of the innate immune response and is essential for the elimination of pathogens or damaged cells through the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 and the induction of pyroptosis. However, the dysregulated activation of inflammasomes is involved in the pathogenesis of different autoimmune–autoinflammatory, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders that share the common line of inflammation in their pathogenetic fingerprint. Inhibition of inflammasome activation shows therapeutic effects and a wide range of anti-inflammatory compounds are currently being employed. This Special Issue is devoted to the most recent advances in the biology of inflammasomes and their engagement in human diseases.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Inflammation;
  • Autoinflammatory diseases;
  • Cardiovascular diseases;
  • Neurodegenerative disorders;
  • Metabolism;
  • Infections;
  • Mechanisms of action;
  • Molecular targeting therapy.

Dr. Mariapaola Marino
Dr. Umberto Basile
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • clinical perspectives
  • pyroptosis
  • nod like receptor protein 3
  • inflammatory diseases
  • cytokines
  • inflammasome
  • biomarkers of inflammasome activation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2531 KiB  
Article
The Prolonged Activation of the p65 Subunit of the NF-Kappa-B Nuclear Factor Sustains the Persistent Effect of Advanced Glycation End Products on Inflammatory Sensitization in Macrophages
by Sayonara Ivana Santos de Assis, Leonardo Szalo Amendola, Maristela Mitiko Okamoto, Guilherme da Silva Ferreira, Rodrigo Tallada Iborra, Danielle Ribeiro Santos, Monique de Fátima Mello Santana, Kelly Gomes Santana, Maria Lucia Correa-Giannella, Denise Frediani Barbeiro, Francisco Garcia Soriano, Ubiratan Fabres Machado and Marisa Passarelli
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(5), 2713; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052713 - 27 Feb 2024
Viewed by 546
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) prime macrophages for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. We investigated the persistence of cellular AGE-sensitization to LPS, considering the nuclear content of p50 and p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB) subunits and the expression of inflammatory genes. Macrophages treated with [...] Read more.
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) prime macrophages for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. We investigated the persistence of cellular AGE-sensitization to LPS, considering the nuclear content of p50 and p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB) subunits and the expression of inflammatory genes. Macrophages treated with control (C) or AGE-albumin were rested for varying intervals in medium alone before being incubated with LPS. Comparisons were made using one-way ANOVA or Student t-test (n = 6). AGE-albumin primed macrophages for increased responsiveness to LPS, resulting in elevated levels of TNF, IL-6, and IL-1beta (1.5%, 9.4%, and 5.6%, respectively), compared to C-albumin. TNF, IL-6, and IL-1 beta secretion persisted for up to 24 h even after the removal of AGE-albumin (area under the curve greater by 1.6, 16, and 5.2 times, respectively). The expressions of Il6 and RelA were higher 8 h after albumin removal, and Il6 and Abca1 were higher 24 h after albumin removal. The nuclear content of p50 remained similar, but p65 showed a sustained increase (2.9 times) for up to 24 h in AGE-albumin-treated cells. The prolonged activation of the p65 subunit of NFKB contributes to the persistent effect of AGEs on macrophage inflammatory priming, which could be targeted for therapies to prevent complications based on the AGE–RAGE–NFKB axis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Inflammasomes)
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23 pages, 1480 KiB  
Article
Mid-Regional Pro-Adrenomedullin Can Predict Organ Failure and Prognosis in Sepsis?
by Silvia Spoto, Stefania Basili, Roberto Cangemi, Giorgio D’Avanzo, Domenica Marika Lupoi, Giulio Francesco Romiti, Josepmaria Argemi, José Ramón Yuste, Felipe Lucena, Luciana Locorriere, Francesco Masini, Giulia Testorio, Rodolfo Calarco, Marta Fogolari, Maria Francesconi, Giulia Battifoglia, Sebastiano Costantino and Silvia Angeletti
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(24), 17429; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417429 - 13 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1340
Abstract
Sepsis causes immune dysregulation and endotheliitis, with an increase in mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM). The aim of the study is to determine an MR-proADM value that, in addition to clinical diagnosis, can identify patients with localized infection or those with sepsis/septic shock, with specific [...] Read more.
Sepsis causes immune dysregulation and endotheliitis, with an increase in mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM). The aim of the study is to determine an MR-proADM value that, in addition to clinical diagnosis, can identify patients with localized infection or those with sepsis/septic shock, with specific organ damage or with the need for intensive care unit (ICU) transfer and prognosis. The secondary aim is to correlate the MR-proADM value with the length of stay (LOS). In total, 301 subjects with sepsis (124/301 with septic shock) and 126 with localized infection were retrospectively included. In sepsis, MR-proADM ≥ 3.39 ng/mL identified acute kidney injury (AKI); ≥2.99 ng/mL acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); ≥2.28 ng/mL acute heart failure (AHF); ≥2.55 ng/mL Glascow Coma Scale (GCS) < 15; ≥3.38 multi-organ involvement; ≥3.33 need for ICU transfer; ≥2.0 Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score ≥ 2; and ≥3.15 ng/mL non-survivors. The multivariate analysis showed that MR-proADM ≥ 2 ng/mL correlates with AKI, anemia and SOFA score ≥ 2, and MR-proADM ≥ 3 ng/mL correlates with AKI, GCS < 15 and SOFA score ≥ 2. A correlation between mortality and AKI, GCS < 15, ICU transfer and cathecolamine administration was found. In localized infection, MR-proADM at admission ≥ 1.44 ng/mL identified patients with AKI; ≥1.0 ng/mL with AHF; and ≥1.44 ng/mL with anemia and SOFA score ≥ 2. In the multivariate analysis, MR-proADM ≥ 1.44 ng/mL correlated with AKI, anemia, SOFA score ≥ 2 and AHF. MR-proADM is a marker of oxidative stress due to an infection, reflecting severity proportionally to organ damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Inflammasomes)
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Review

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21 pages, 6293 KiB  
Review
NLRP3 Inflammasome Involvement in Heart, Liver, and Lung Diseases—A Lesson from Cytokine Storm Syndrome
by Cecilia Napodano, Valeria Carnazzo, Valerio Basile, Krizia Pocino, Annunziata Stefanile, Stefania Gallucci, Patrizia Natali, Umberto Basile and Mariapaola Marino
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 16556; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316556 - 21 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1589
Abstract
Inflammation and inflammasomes have been proposed as important regulators of the host–microorganism interaction, playing a key role in morbidity and mortality due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in subjects with chronic conditions and compromised immune system. The inflammasome consists of a multiprotein [...] Read more.
Inflammation and inflammasomes have been proposed as important regulators of the host–microorganism interaction, playing a key role in morbidity and mortality due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in subjects with chronic conditions and compromised immune system. The inflammasome consists of a multiprotein complex that finely regulates the activation of caspase-1 and the production and secretion of potent pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. The pyrin containing NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain) like receptor (NLRP) is a family of intracellular receptors, sensing patterns associated to pathogens or danger signals and NLRP3 inflammasome is the most deeply analyzed for its involvement in the innate and adaptive immune system as well as its contribution to several autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. It is highly expressed in leukocytes and up-regulated in sentinel cells upon inflammatory stimuli. NLRP3 expression has also been reported in B and T lymphocytes, in epithelial cells of oral and genital mucosa, in specific parenchymal cells as cardiomyocytes, and keratinocytes, and chondrocytes. It is well known that a dysregulated activation of the inflammasome is involved in the pathogenesis of different disorders that share the common red line of inflammation in their pathogenetic fingerprint. Here, we review the potential roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular events, liver damage, pulmonary diseases, and in that wide range of systemic inflammatory syndromes named as a cytokine storm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Inflammasomes)
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