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Centenarians—a Model to Study the Molecular Basis of Lifespan and Healthspan 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 13903

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Calogero Caruso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
Interests: ageing; age-related diseases; centenarians; immunogenetics; immunosenescence; inflammation; longevity; successful ageing; unsuccessful ageing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Annibale Puca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
2. Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
Interests: genetics of exceptional longevity; immunological phenotype of exceptional long living individuals; BPIFB4, a longevity associated protein, and its isoforms in health and diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The extraordinary rise in the older population in the Western world underscores the importance of studies on ageing and longevity to decrease the medical, economic, and social problems associated with the increased number of non-autonomous individuals affected by invalidating pathologies.

Centenarians show relatively good health, being able to perform their routine daily life and to escape or delay age-related diseases. This Special Issue aims to understand, through a “positive biology” approach, how to prevent, reduce, or delay frailty and disability amongst the older. Indeed, rather than making diseases the central focus of study, “positive biology” seeks to understand the causes of positive phenotypes and explain the biological mechanisms of health and immunosenescence.

In this Special Issue, studies on different aspects of centenarians are welcome.

Original research papers and reviews are equally welcome and may involve in vitro and in vivo studies in different cells and organisms.

Prof. Dr. Calogero Caruso
Prof. Dr. Annibale Puca
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immunosenescence
  • epidemiological aspects of longevity
  • genetics of longevity
  • epigenetics of longevity
  • immunological phenotype of long living individuals
  • phenotypic aspects
  • diet and lifestyle of long living individuals
  • BPIFB4, a longevity-associated protein and its isoforms in health and diseases.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Editorial

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6 pages, 223 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Centenarians—A Model to Study the Molecular Basis of Lifespan and Healthspan 2.0”
by Calogero Caruso and Annibale Alessandro Puca
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(17), 13180; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713180 - 24 Aug 2023
Viewed by 940
Abstract
The global population is experiencing an increase in ageing and life expectancy [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Centenarians—a Model to Study the Molecular Basis of Lifespan and Healthspan 2.0)

Research

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18 pages, 2734 KiB  
Article
A Genome-Wide Association Study of 2304 Extreme Longevity Cases Identifies Novel Longevity Variants
by Harold Bae, Anastasia Gurinovich, Tanya T. Karagiannis, Zeyuan Song, Anastasia Leshchyk, Mengze Li, Stacy L. Andersen, Konstantin Arbeev, Anatoliy Yashin, Joseph Zmuda, Ping An, Mary Feitosa, Cristina Giuliani, Claudio Franceschi, Paolo Garagnani, Jonas Mengel-From, Gil Atzmon, Nir Barzilai, Annibale Puca, Nicholas J. Schork, Thomas T. Perls and Paola Sebastianiadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010116 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3387
Abstract
We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of human extreme longevity (EL), defined as surviving past the 99th survival percentile, by aggregating data from four centenarian studies. The combined data included 2304 EL cases and 5879 controls. The analysis identified a locus in [...] Read more.
We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of human extreme longevity (EL), defined as surviving past the 99th survival percentile, by aggregating data from four centenarian studies. The combined data included 2304 EL cases and 5879 controls. The analysis identified a locus in CDKN2B-AS1 (rs6475609, p = 7.13 × 10−8) that almost reached genome-wide significance and four additional loci that were suggestively significant. Among these, a novel rare variant (rs145265196) on chromosome 11 had much higher longevity allele frequencies in cases of Ashkenazi Jewish and Southern Italian ancestry compared to cases of other European ancestries. We also correlated EL-associated SNPs with serum proteins to link our findings to potential biological mechanisms that may be related to EL and are under genetic regulation. The findings from the proteomic analyses suggested that longevity-promoting alleles of significant genetic variants either provided EL cases with more youthful molecular profiles compared to controls or provided some form of protection from other illnesses, such as Alzheimer’s disease, and disease progressions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Centenarians—a Model to Study the Molecular Basis of Lifespan and Healthspan 2.0)
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Review

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20 pages, 1012 KiB  
Review
Longevity, Centenarians and Modified Cellular Proteodynamics
by Natalia Frankowska, Ewa Bryl, Tamas Fulop and Jacek M. Witkowski
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2888; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032888 - 02 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2964
Abstract
We have shown before that at least one intracellular proteolytic system seems to be at least as abundant in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of centenarians as in the same cells of young individuals (with the cells of the elderly population showing a significant [...] Read more.
We have shown before that at least one intracellular proteolytic system seems to be at least as abundant in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of centenarians as in the same cells of young individuals (with the cells of the elderly population showing a significant dip compared to both young and centenarian cohorts). Despite scarce published data, in this review, we tried to answer the question how do different types of cells of longevous people—nonagenarians to (semi)supercentenarians—maintain the quality and quantity of their structural and functional proteins? Specifically, we asked if more robust proteodynamics participate in longevity. We hypothesized that at least some factors controlling the maintenance of cellular proteomes in centenarians will remain at the “young” level (just performing better than in the average elderly). In our quest, we considered multiple aspects of cellular protein maintenance (proteodynamics), including the quality of transcribed DNA, its epigenetic changes, fidelity and quantitative features of transcription of both mRNA and noncoding RNAs, the process of translation, posttranslational modifications leading to maturation and functionalization of nascent proteins, and, finally, multiple facets of the process of elimination of misfolded, aggregated, and otherwise dysfunctional proteins (autophagy). We also included the status of mitochondria, especially production of ATP necessary for protein synthesis and maintenance. We found that with the exception of the latter and of chaperone function, practically all of the considered aspects did show better performance in centenarians than in the average elderly, and most of them approached the levels/activities seen in the cells of young individuals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Centenarians—a Model to Study the Molecular Basis of Lifespan and Healthspan 2.0)
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25 pages, 647 KiB  
Review
The Less We Eat, the Longer We Live: Can Caloric Restriction Help Us Become Centenarians?
by Tamara Dakic, Tanja Jevdjovic, Predrag Vujovic and Aleksandra Mladenovic
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(12), 6546; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126546 - 11 Jun 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5661
Abstract
Striving for longevity is neither a recent human desire nor a novel scientific field. The first article on this topic was published in 1838, when the average human life expectancy was approximately 40 years. Although nowadays people on average live almost as twice [...] Read more.
Striving for longevity is neither a recent human desire nor a novel scientific field. The first article on this topic was published in 1838, when the average human life expectancy was approximately 40 years. Although nowadays people on average live almost as twice as long, we still (and perhaps more than ever) look for new ways to extend our lifespan. During this seemingly endless journey of discovering efficient methods to prolong life, humans were enthusiastic regarding several approaches, one of which is caloric restriction (CR). Where does CR, initially considered universally beneficial for extending both lifespan and health span, stand today? Does a lifelong decrease in food consumption represent one of the secrets of centenarians’ long and healthy life? Do we still believe that if we eat less, we will live longer? This review aims to summarize the current literature on CR as a potential life-prolonging intervention in humans and discusses metabolic pathways that underlie this effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Centenarians—a Model to Study the Molecular Basis of Lifespan and Healthspan 2.0)
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