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Insulin Pathways for Therapeutic Intervention

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 16591

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Systems Neurobiology, Cajal Institute (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
Interests: neurobiology of insulin peptides; blood–brain barrier; neurodegeneration; energy homeostasis; regulation of mood and cognition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pleiotropy of insulin and its related peptides (ILPs), particularly IGFs, makes ILP pathways of great therapeutic potential, as an ever increasing number of pathologies are being recognized to involve deficient ILP activity. On top of the classical endocrine-related maladies, where the role of ILPs is well established, such as metabolic and growth disorders associated in turn to cardiovascular, bone, and renal disturbances, compelling evidence indicates that ILPs are involved in brain diseases, circadian disruption, and even tumor pathology. Together with the relatively recent advent of geroscience as a target of medical intervention, and given the prominent role of ILPs in normal and pathological aging, we may consider that pathways involved in ILP signaling constitute a major source of druggable targets as they encompass all the main types of human diseases. A better understanding of inter- and intracellular ILP communication as well as their molecular mediators is therefore of paramount medical importance.

Prof. Dr. Ignacio Torres Aleman
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • insulin
  • insulin-like peptides
  • human diseases
  • therapy
  • drug targets
  • signaling pathways

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

32 pages, 958 KiB  
Review
No Influence of Overweight/Obesity on Exercise Lipid Oxidation: A Systematic Review
by Avigdor D. Arad, Anthony J. Basile, Jeanine Albu and Fred J. DiMenna
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(5), 1614; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051614 - 27 Feb 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4124
Abstract
Compared to lean counterparts, overweight/obese individuals rely less on lipid during fasting. This deficiency has been implicated in the association between overweight/obesity and blunted insulin signaling via elevated intramuscular triglycerides. However, the capacity for overweight/obese individuals to use lipid during exercise is unclear. [...] Read more.
Compared to lean counterparts, overweight/obese individuals rely less on lipid during fasting. This deficiency has been implicated in the association between overweight/obesity and blunted insulin signaling via elevated intramuscular triglycerides. However, the capacity for overweight/obese individuals to use lipid during exercise is unclear. This review was conducted to formulate a consensus regarding the influence of overweight/obesity on exercise lipid use. PubMed, ProQuest, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Articles were included if they presented original research on the influence of overweight/obesity on exercise fuel use in generally healthy sedentary adults. Articles were excluded if they assessed older adults, individuals with chronic disease, and/or exercise limitations or physically-active individuals. The search identified 1205 articles with 729 considered for inclusion after duplicate removal. Once titles, abstracts, and/or manuscripts were assessed, 24 articles were included. The preponderance of evidence from these articles indicates that overweight/obese individuals rely on lipid to a similar extent during exercise. However, conflicting findings were found in eight articles due to the outcome measure cited, participant characteristics other than overweight/obesity and characteristics of the exercise bout(s). We also identified factors other than body fatness which can influence exercise lipid oxidation that should be controlled in future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insulin Pathways for Therapeutic Intervention)
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16 pages, 1084 KiB  
Review
Insulin Receptor Trafficking: Consequences for Insulin Sensitivity and Diabetes
by Yang Chen, Lili Huang, Xinzhou Qi and Chen Chen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(20), 5007; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205007 - 10 Oct 2019
Cited by 59 | Viewed by 12083
Abstract
Insulin receptor (INSR) has been extensively studied in the area of cell proliferation and energy metabolism. Impaired INSR activities lead to insulin resistance, the key factor in the pathology of metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mainstream opinion is that [...] Read more.
Insulin receptor (INSR) has been extensively studied in the area of cell proliferation and energy metabolism. Impaired INSR activities lead to insulin resistance, the key factor in the pathology of metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mainstream opinion is that insulin resistance begins at a post-receptor level. The role of INSR activities and trafficking in insulin resistance pathogenesis has been largely ignored. Ligand-activated INSR is internalized and trafficked to early endosome (EE), where INSR is dephosphorylated and sorted. INSR can be subsequently conducted to lysosome for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane. The metabolic fate of INSR in cellular events implies the profound influence of INSR on insulin signaling pathways. Disruption of INSR-coupled activities has been identified in a wide range of insulin resistance-related diseases such as T2DM. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in INSR trafficking may lead to severe insulin resistance. However, there is very little understanding of how altered INSR activities undermine complex signaling pathways to the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. Here, we focus this review on summarizing previous findings on the molecular pathways of INSR trafficking in normal and diseased states. Through this review, we provide insights into the mechanistic role of INSR intracellular processes and activities in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insulin Pathways for Therapeutic Intervention)
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