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Nanoparticle-Based Radiosensitization 2.0
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Nanoparticle-Based Radiosensitization 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 15423

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ivan Kempson

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
Interests: nanomedicine; bio-inorganic interactions; physical chemistry; nanoparticles; radiotherapy; trace-elements
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Radiotherapies are highly effective and economical. For instance, in cancer treatment, radiotherapy contributes to about 40% of cures and yet accounts for less than 10% of cancer treatment costs. The delivery of electromagnetic radiation and energetic particles has advanced tremendously due to technical, engineering, and physical accomplishments. However, many treatments now have limited scope for further improvements without advancing our basic understanding and exploitation or manipulation of the physical, chemical, and biological attributes associated with the morbidity in question.

In this regard, nanoparticles offer avenues for enhancing current therapies and the exploration of experimental therapies by preferentially sensitizing target tissues. A wave of ideas and technologies is building, with a number entering clinical trials and market approval achieved. These technologies span diverse concepts aimed at enhancing physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms, developing nanoparticles for targeted delivery, and the controlled delivery and release of radiosensitizing agents (small molecules, biologicals, and nanoparticles).

With emerging knowledge, the molecular-scale roles in radiosensitization are increasingly critical to understanding mechanisms and developing radiosensitizers to enhance the interaction of electromagnetic radiation and particle interactions with biology. This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences will provide exciting insight into state-of-the-art radiosensitization with nanoparticle technologies

Dr. Ivan Kempson
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanoparticles
  • radiosensitizers
  • external beam radiotherapy
  • photodynamic therapy
  • brachytherapy
  • targeted alpha/beta therapy
  • particle therapy

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

3 pages, 184 KiB  
Editorial
Nanoparticle-Based Radiosensitization
by Ivan Kempson
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 4936; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094936 - 29 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1337
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a highly affordable treatment and provides many excellent outcomes [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticle-Based Radiosensitization 2.0)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

19 pages, 8686 KiB  
Article
Impact of the Spectral Composition of Kilovoltage X-rays on High-Z Nanoparticle-Assisted Dose Enhancement
by Maria A. Kolyvanova, Alexandr V. Belousov, Grigorii A. Krusanov, Alexandra K. Isagulieva, Kirill V. Morozov, Maria E. Kartseva, Magomet H. Salpagarov, Pavel V. Krivoshapkin, Olga V. Dement’eva, Victor M. Rudoy and Vladimir N. Morozov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(11), 6030; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22116030 - 02 Jun 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3096
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) with a high atomic number (Z) are promising radiosensitizers for cancer therapy. However, the dependence of their efficacy on irradiation conditions is still unclear. In the present work, 11 different metal and metal oxide NPs (from Cu (Z [...] Read more.
Nanoparticles (NPs) with a high atomic number (Z) are promising radiosensitizers for cancer therapy. However, the dependence of their efficacy on irradiation conditions is still unclear. In the present work, 11 different metal and metal oxide NPs (from Cu (ZCu = 29) to Bi2O3 (ZBi = 83)) were studied in terms of their ability to enhance the absorbed dose in combination with 237 X-ray spectra generated at a 30–300 kVp voltage using various filtration systems and anode materials. Among the studied high-Z NP materials, gold was the absolute leader by a dose enhancement factor (DEF; up to 2.51), while HfO2 and Ta2O5 were the most versatile because of the largest high-DEF region in coordinates U (voltage) and Eeff (effective energy). Several impacts of the X-ray spectral composition have been noted, as follows: (1) there are radiation sources that correspond to extremely low DEFs for all of the studied NPs, (2) NPs with a lower Z in some cases can equal or overcome by the DEF value the high-Z NPs, and (3) the change in the X-ray spectrum caused by a beam passing through the matter can significantly affect the DEF. All of these findings indicate the important role of carefully planning radiation exposure in the presence of high-Z NPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticle-Based Radiosensitization 2.0)
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18 pages, 2637 KiB  
Article
Radiation Enhancer Effect of Platinum Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Cell Lines: In Vitro and In Silico Analyses
by Marie Hullo, Romain Grall, Yann Perrot, Cécile Mathé, Véronique Ménard, Xiaomin Yang, Sandrine Lacombe, Erika Porcel, Carmen Villagrasa, Sylvie Chevillard and Emmanuelle Bourneuf
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(9), 4436; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094436 - 23 Apr 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 2632
Abstract
High-Z metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are new players in the therapeutic arsenal against cancer, especially radioresistant cells. Indeed, the presence of these NPs inside malignant cells is believed to enhance the effect of ionizing radiation by locally increasing the dose deposition. In this context, [...] Read more.
High-Z metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are new players in the therapeutic arsenal against cancer, especially radioresistant cells. Indeed, the presence of these NPs inside malignant cells is believed to enhance the effect of ionizing radiation by locally increasing the dose deposition. In this context, the potential of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) as radiosensitizers was investigated in two breast cancer cell lines, T47D and MDA-MB-231, showing a different radiation sensitivity. PtNPs were internalized in the two cell lines and localized in lysosomes and multivesicular bodies. Analyses of cell responses in terms of clonogenicity, survival, mortality, cell-cycle distribution, oxidative stress, and DNA double-strand breaks did not reveal any significant enhancement effect when cells were pre-exposed to PtNPs before being irradiated, as compared to radiation alone. This result is different from that reported in a previous study performed, under the same conditions, on cervical cancer HeLa cells. This shows that the efficacy of radio-enhancement is strongly cell-type-dependent. Simulation of the early stage ionization processes, taking into account the irradiation characteristics and realistic physical parameters in the biological sample, indicated that PtNPs could weakly increase the dose deposition (by 3%) in the immediate vicinity of the nanoparticles. Some features that are potentially responsible for the biological effect could not be taken into account in the simulation. Thus, chemical and biological effects could explain this discrepancy. For instance, we showed that, in these breast cancer cell lines, PtNPs exhibited ambivalent redox properties, with an antioxidant potential which could counteract the radio-enhancement effect. This work shows that the efficacy of PtNPs for enhancing radiation effects is strongly cell-dependent and that no effect is observed in the case of the breast cancer cell lines T47D and MDA-MB-231. Thus, more extensive experiments using other relevant biological models are needed in order to evaluate such combined strategies, since several clinical trials have already demonstrated the success of combining nanoagents with radiotherapy in the treatment of a range of tumor types. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticle-Based Radiosensitization 2.0)
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15 pages, 30468 KiB  
Article
Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles Enhance the Sensitivity of Hepa1-6 Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Radiation by Remodeling Tumor Microenvironments
by Sung-Won Shin, Kyungmi Yang, Miso Lee, Jiyoung Moon, Arang Son, Yeeun Kim, Suha Choi, Do-hyung Kim, Changhoon Choi, Nohyun Lee and Hee Chul Park
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(5), 2637; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052637 - 05 Mar 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2816
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MFN) on radiosensitization and immunologic responses using the murine hepatoma cell line Hepa1-6 and the syngeneic mouse model. The clonogenic survival of Hepa1-6 cells was increased by hypoxia, while being restricted by ionizing radiation (IR) [...] Read more.
We evaluated the effect of manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MFN) on radiosensitization and immunologic responses using the murine hepatoma cell line Hepa1-6 and the syngeneic mouse model. The clonogenic survival of Hepa1-6 cells was increased by hypoxia, while being restricted by ionizing radiation (IR) and/or MFN. Although MFN suppressed HIF-1α under hypoxia, the combination of IR and MFN enhanced apoptosis and DNA damage in Hepa1-6 cells. In the Hepa1-6 syngeneic mouse model, the combination of IR and MFN notably limited the tumor growth compared to the single treatment with IR or MFN, and also triggered more frequent apoptosis in tumor tissues than that observed under other conditions. Increased expression of PD-L1 after IR was not observed with MFN alone or the combination of IR and MFN in vitro and in vivo, and the percentage of tumor-infiltrating T cells and cytotoxic T cells increased with MFN, regardless of IR, in the Hepa1-6 syngeneic mouse model, while IR alone led to T cell depletion. MFN might have the potential to overcome radioresistance by alleviating hypoxia and strengthening antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticle-Based Radiosensitization 2.0)
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16 pages, 4034 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Radiosensitization for Cancer Treatment with Gold Nanoparticles through Sonoporation
by Shao-Lun Lu, Wei-Wen Liu, Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng, Lien-Chieh Lin, Churng-Ren Chris Wang and Pai-Chi Li
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(21), 8370; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218370 - 08 Nov 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2662
Abstract
We demonstrate the megavoltage (MV) radiosensitization of a human liver cancer line by combining gold-nanoparticle-encapsulated microbubbles (AuMBs) with ultrasound. Microbubbles-mediated sonoporation was administered for 5 min, at 2 h prior to applying radiotherapy. The intracellular concentration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) increased with the [...] Read more.
We demonstrate the megavoltage (MV) radiosensitization of a human liver cancer line by combining gold-nanoparticle-encapsulated microbubbles (AuMBs) with ultrasound. Microbubbles-mediated sonoporation was administered for 5 min, at 2 h prior to applying radiotherapy. The intracellular concentration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) increased with the inertial cavitation of AuMBs in a dose-dependent manner. A higher inertial cavitation dose was also associated with more DNA damage, higher levels of apoptosis markers, and inferior cell surviving fractions after MV X-ray irradiation. The dose-modifying ratio in a clonogenic assay was 1.56 ± 0.45 for a 10% surviving fraction. In a xenograft mouse model, combining vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-targeted AuMBs with sonoporation significantly delayed tumor regrowth. A strategy involving the spatially and temporally controlled release of AuNPs followed by clinically utilized MV irradiation shows promising results that make it worthy of further translational investigations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticle-Based Radiosensitization 2.0)
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19 pages, 4228 KiB  
Article
Modelling Spatial Scales of Dose Deposition and Radiolysis Products from Gold Nanoparticle Sensitisation of Proton Therapy in A Cell: From Intracellular Structures to Adjacent Cells
by Dylan Peukert, Ivan Kempson, Michael Douglass and Eva Bezak
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(12), 4431; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124431 - 22 Jun 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1840
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle (GNP) enhanced proton therapy is a promising treatment concept offering increased therapeutic effect. It has been demonstrated in experiments which provided indications that reactive species play a major role. Simulations of the radiolysis yield from GNPs within a cell model were [...] Read more.
Gold nanoparticle (GNP) enhanced proton therapy is a promising treatment concept offering increased therapeutic effect. It has been demonstrated in experiments which provided indications that reactive species play a major role. Simulations of the radiolysis yield from GNPs within a cell model were performed using the Geant4 toolkit. The effect of GNP cluster size, distribution and number, cell and nuclear membrane absorption and intercellular yields were evaluated. It was found that clusters distributed near the nucleus increased the nucleus yield by 91% while reducing the cytoplasm yield by 7% relative to a disperse distribution. Smaller cluster sizes increased the yield, 200 nm clusters had nucleus and cytoplasm yields 117% and 35% greater than 500 nm clusters. Nuclear membrane absorption reduced the cytoplasm and nucleus yields by 8% and 35% respectively to a permeable membrane. Intercellular enhancement was negligible. Smaller GNP clusters delivered near sub-cellular targets maximise radiosensitisation. Nuclear membrane absorption reduces the nucleus yield, but can damage the membrane providing another potential pathway for biological effect. The minimal effect on adjacent cells demonstrates that GNPs provide a targeted enhancement for proton therapy, only effecting cells with GNPs internalised. The provided quantitative data will aid further experiments and clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticle-Based Radiosensitization 2.0)
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