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Regulation of Substrate Metabolism for Energy

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2022) | Viewed by 8811

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Guest Editor
Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 635, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Interests: differential metabolism of glucose isoforms; glucocorticoid control of liver glucose production and glycolytic disposal; testosterone and control of body glucose levels and utilization; estrogens and sex differences in 3c metabolites and fatty acid metabolism
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Most nutrients are eventually used for energy (including body components’ turnover), and only (especially in growing subjects) part of them is used to build up new living tissue. There are many studies devoted to analyzing the fate of metabolic substrates derived from an extensive variety of nutrients, and, in particular, to analyzing the effects of the modulation of feeding on whole body composition and related disorders. In parallel, there are extensive studies on the regulation of the metabolism of specific substrates and their conversion to energy, both at the cell and organ levels. Notwithstanding, these lines of study leave a considerable gap at the converging node of global (i.e., whole body) adjustments to varying substrate availability and the regulation of their utilization at the molecular physiology level. Filling this gap is critical to understand how overall energy homeostasis is maintained, and how a regulatory equilibrium between substrate diverse quantitative and qualitative availability is corrected to maintain energy homeostasis. This central regulation of substrate fluxes (carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids, essentially) to maintain energy availability despite fluctuations in their supply has become essential to understand (and eventually correct) widely extended metabolic/functional disorders: from malnutrition to metabolic syndrome.

Dr. Marià Alemany
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • substrates and energy partition
  • dietary nutrients
  • amino acid oxidation
  • lipid oxidation
  • lipid accrual
  • adipose tissue
  • glucose and 3C utilization
  • malnutrition
  • cachexia
  • metabolic syndrome
  • obesity
  • inter-organ substrate fluxes
  • regulation of energy metabolism

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

69 pages, 4043 KiB  
Review
The Roles of Androgens in Humans: Biology, Metabolic Regulation and Health
by Marià Alemany
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11952; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911952 - 8 Oct 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 8234
Abstract
Androgens are an important and diverse group of steroid hormone molecular species. They play varied functional roles, such as the control of metabolic energy fate and partition, the maintenance of skeletal and body protein and integrity and the development of brain capabilities and [...] Read more.
Androgens are an important and diverse group of steroid hormone molecular species. They play varied functional roles, such as the control of metabolic energy fate and partition, the maintenance of skeletal and body protein and integrity and the development of brain capabilities and behavioral setup (including those factors defining maleness). In addition, androgens are the precursors of estrogens, with which they share an extensive control of the reproductive mechanisms (in both sexes). In this review, the types of androgens, their functions and signaling are tabulated and described, including some less-known functions. The close interrelationship between corticosteroids and androgens is also analyzed, centered in the adrenal cortex, together with the main feedback control systems of the hypothalamic–hypophysis–gonads axis, and its modulation by the metabolic environment, sex, age and health. Testosterone (T) is singled out because of its high synthesis rate and turnover, but also because age-related hypogonadism is a key signal for the biologically planned early obsolescence of men, and the delayed onset of a faster rate of functional losses in women after menopause. The close collaboration of T with estradiol (E2) active in the maintenance of body metabolic systems is also presented Their parallel insufficiency has been directly related to the ravages of senescence and the metabolic syndrome constellation of disorders. The clinical use of T to correct hypoandrogenism helps maintain the functionality of core metabolism, limiting excess fat deposition, sarcopenia and cognoscitive frailty (part of these effects are due to the E2 generated from T). The effectiveness of using lipophilic T esters for T replacement treatments is analyzed in depth, and the main problems derived from their application are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Substrate Metabolism for Energy)
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